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How to Cite References Using the Turabian (Chicago) Style1 PARENTHETICAL REFERENCE

Both unintentional and intentional plagiarism are honor code violations. Whenever you use another person’s

words or ideas, you MUST give that person credit. Even if you paraphrase, you much cite the source. This guide introduces the Turabian format and provides examples of citation styles used in completing research papers. Turabian may be used for any discipline including the humanities, social sciences, and natural sciences. Although citation generators are available on the Internet, citation generators often make mistakes, and using them will not help you.

The following types of citations are commonly used by writers in the social and natural sciences (Political Science, Sociology, etc.):

Parenthetical reference (P): Authors' names and dates of publication are given in parentheses within the running text or at the end of block quotations. - Parenthetical citations placement:

1) between nd of sentence and punctuation. Ex: From 1981-2001, male participation in colligate athletics increased by 7,000 athletes (Zimbalist 2003, 56). 2) after quotation mark and before punctuation. Ex: The general had a “deep voice, stern look, and domineering personality” (Silverstein 1964, 12).

Reference List (R): Label the page “Bibliography” (without the quotes of course). First line begins at left margin and following lines are one tab. Alphabetize the list by the author’s last name. If no author is given, use the first word of the source title to alphabetize. If you use two or more sources by the same author, use “------.” in place of the author’s name on each subsequent source. BOOKS ONE AUTHOR P (Yarbrough 1999, 84) R Yarbrough, Stephen R. 1999. After Rhetoric. Carbondale, IL: Southern Illinois University Press. TWO AUTHORS P (Isralowitz and Telias 1998, 66) R Isralowitz, Richard E. and Darwin Telias. 1998. Drug use, policy, and management. Westport, CT: Praeger. THREE AUTHORS P Renzetti, Edelson, and Bergen 2001, 52) R Renzetti, Claire M., Jeffrey L. Edelson, and Raquel Kennedy Bergen, eds. 2001. The sourcebook on violence

against women. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications. MORE THAN THREE AUTHORS P (Quirk and others 1985, 25) R Quirk, Randolph, Sidney Smith, Jeff Leech, and Jan Luke. 1985. Comprehensive Grammar. London: Longman. NO AUTHOR GIVEN P (Song of Roland [1959], 20-25) R Song of Roland. [1959]. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press. INSTITUTION, ASSOCIATION, OR CORPORATION AS AUTHOR P (American Library Association 1982, 32) R American Library Association. 1982. Librarian’s copyright kit. Chicago: American Library Association. EDITOR OR COMPILER N (Goodwin 1995, 27) B Goodwin, Claire. 1995. Westside Poems. Ed. John Benton and Charlie Andora. Chicago: Sherman Press.                                                             1The University of Wisconsin‐Parkside Library, “How to Cite References Using the Turabian (Chicago) Style,” The University of Wisconsin‐Parkside, http://www.uwp.edu/departments/library/guides/pdf_guides/turabian.pdf (accesses February 10, 2010). 

Citadel Academic Support Center, updated 2/22/10 ks

CHAPTER OR ARTICLE IN A WORK BY ONE AUTHOR P (Williams 1997, 26) R Williams, Susan Millar. 1997. “Cross Purposes.” In A devil and a good woman. Atlanta: Jefferson Press. CHAPTER OR ARTICLE BY ONE AUTHOR IN THE WORK OF ANOTHER AUTHOR P (Ortiz 1997, 43) R Ortiz, Simon. 1997. The language we speak. In Living languages: Contexts for reading and writing, ed. Nancy

Buffington, Marvin Diogenes, and Clyde Moneyhun, 40-47. Upper Saddle River N.J.: Prentice Hall. PERIODICAL ARTICLES SCHOLARLY JOURNAL THAT PAGES EACH ISSUE SEPARATELY P (Somerick 2001, 40-41) R Somerick, Nancy M. 2001. “Strategy for Protecting Integrity.” Public Relations Quarterly 46, no. 3: 40-43. SCHOLARLY JOURNAL WITH CONTINUOUS PAGINATION P (Mosca and Pressman 1995, 164) R Mosca, Joseph B. and Steven Pressman. 1995. Unions in the 21st century. Public Management 24:159-166. MAGAZINE ARTICLES (IN CONTRAST TO ARTICLE IN SCHOLARLY PUBLICATION) P (Quindlen 1995, 102) R Quindlen, Anna. 1995. The inalienable right to whine. Newsweek, 13 December, 102. NEWSPAPER ARTICLE For newspaper articles, do not include “The” in the title of the newspaper. B (Smith 2009) R Smith, Jeff. 2009 “Google’s problems in China.” New York Times. February 19. ELECTRONIC PUBLICATIONS P (Uzzi and Spiro 2005) R Uzzi, Brian, and Jarrett Spiro. 2005. Collaboration and creativity. American Journal of Sociology 111, no. 2 (September).http://www.uchicago.edu/journal/issues/v111 n2/090090/090090.html (accessed December 19, 2005). WEBSITES P (University of Texas Libraries) R University of Texas Libraries. Perry-Castañeda Library Map Collection. University of Texas at Austin,

http://www.lib.utexas.edu/maps/index.html (accessed August 12, 2009). For additional examples, consult the Purdue Writing Center’s Chicago Manual guide: http://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/717/01/ The Academic Support Center encourages all students to take advantage to all the services offered by The Academic Support Center. We are located in Thompson Hall 117. Please contact us for more info. Phone number: (843) 953-5305 Email: wlcenter@citadel.edu Hours: Monday, Tuesday, Thursday: 9:00 am - 12:00 pm, 1:00 pm - 4:00 pm, 7:00 pm - 10:00 pm Wednesday: 9:00 am - 12:00 pm, 1:00 pm - 4:00 pm Friday: 9:00 am - 12:00 pm Sunday: 7:00 pm - 10:00 pm * Subject Area Tutoring time may differ. For more details, please see: http://www.citadel.edu/academicsupportcenter/home/hours.html

Also the Writing Hotline is available for a quick response to specific questions. Please email your questions to wlcenter@citadel.edu or call (843) 953-5305. Hours: Monday through Friday Daytime Hours: 9 am to 12 noon; 1 pm to 4 pm Sunday through Tuesday, Thursday Evening Hours: 7 pm to 10 pm