how to cite references chicago method

8/8/2019 How to Cite References Chicago Method

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How To Cite References - Chicago Style

Contents

y Citation Within The Texto Print Documents

Quoting Paraphrasing Summarising Citing the Whole of a Document More Examples

o Electronic Documentso Personal Communications

y The Reference List or Bibliographyo Print Documents

Books Parts of a Book Journal Articles

o Electronic Documents E-Books E-Journals Internet Documents

o Non-Book Formats Podcasts Other Formats

o A Reference List: what should it look like?o Abbreviationso Other sources of information

Citation Within The Text

These guidelines follow the principles, and rely upon the examples, where possible, given

in the Chicago Manual of Style (2003). This manual constitutes the authoritative

international guide to publication standards and style.

The Chicago style, when referring to a source of information within the text of a

document, in its simplest form, gives a short citation consisting of the name of the author

(or authors) and the date of publication. The full details of the source are given in areference list at the end of the document.

The short, in text references are given wholly or partly in parentheses (round brackets).Generally use only the family name of the author, followed by the year of publication and

any relevant page numbers. No distinction is made between books, journal articles, web

documents or other formats.

For example, a reference to a book appearing in the text as (Ogilvie 1998, 26-28) would

be found in the reference list in the following form:

Ogilvie, Timothy H. 1998.Large Animal Internal Medicine. Baltimore, Maryland:

Williams and Wilkins.


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Ivermectin - already used extensively in animal health and in eliminating onchocerciasis

and lymphatic filariasis, two of the most disfiguring and deleterious human diseases - is

now being used commercially for the treatment of strongyloidiasis, mites and scabies.

2. ParaphrasingParaphrasing involves putting a passage from the source material into your own words.

A paraphrase must also be attributed to the original source with an in text citation. When

paraphrasing, keep the meaning the same but do not use the original wording. The

purpose of paraphrasing is that it flows better with your own writing. You generally need

to change both the sentence structure and the expression, using synonyms or alternative

expressions. Paraphrased material may be as long (or even longer) than the originalsource material. However, it is often shorter than the original passage, taking a larger

section of the source and condensing it slightly. When paraphrasing, you must alsoinclude the page number(s) which relate to portion of the text that you have used.

Original - "Named for James Brady, the White House press secretary who was shot and

wounded by John Hinckley Jr. during the attempted assassination of President RonaldReagan in March 1981, the Brady Bill establishes a national waiting period and

background check for the purchase of a handgun" (Bender 1995, 137).

Paraphrase - Bender (1995) explains that the introduction of a waiting period and abackground check for people buying handguns in the US, is due to the Brady Bill. The

bill was named after White House aide James Brady, who was wounded during an

assassination attempt on President Reagan (137).

3. SummarisingSummarising is condensing longer text to a much briefer version. It involves putting the

main idea(s) into your own words, including only the main point(s). Once again, it isnecessary to attribute summarised ideas to the original source with an in text citation.

Summaries are significantly shorter than the original and take a broad overview of the

source material. Page numbers should be given when summarising.

Original - "At a typical football match we are likely to see players committing deliberate

fouls, often behind the referee's back. They might try to take a throw-in or a free kick

from an incorrect but more advantageous positions in defiance of the clearly stated rules

of the game. They sometimes challenge the rulings of the referee or linesmen in an

offensive way which often deserves exemplary punishment or even sending off. No

wonder spectators fight amongst themselves, damage stadiums, or take the law into their

own hands by invading the pitch in the hope of affecting the outcome of the match"

(Mantex 1999, 1-2).

Summary - Unsportsmanlike behaviour by footballers may inspire hooliganism among

spectators (Mantex 1999, 1-2).

In this example, a longer paragraph of approximately 100 words is reduced to a shortsentence of nine words.

4. Citing the Whole of a Document

Sometimes it may be necessary to give a general reference to the whole of a source

document. This method of referencing is used least often.


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The theory was first propounded in 1990 (Larsen 1991) OR

Larsen (1991) was the first to propound the theory.

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Citation within the text - Print Documents - Some more examples

Two or three authors(Simmons and Green 1987, 26) OR

(Lester, Brown and Withers 1987, 26)

Simmons and Green (1987, 26) were unable OR

Lester, Brown and Withers (1987, 26) agreed ....

More than three authors

Forman and others (1987, 62-63) have found OR

(Forman et al. 1987, 62-63)

This is the citation for a work by Forman, Jones, Witham and Gonzales. Only the

surname of the first listed author is used, followed either by "and others" or more

commonly in science "et al.". Although "et al." is a Latin phrase, in Chicago style it is not

italicised. Please note that all authors' names are listed in the Reference List or

Bibliography.

Page numbers and volume numbers includedThe theory was first propounded in 1990 (Larsen 1991, 245) OR

Larsen (1991, 245-7) was the first to propound the theory OR

This theory is dealt with in detail by Johnson (2003, 2: 23; 3: 17-36).

For multivolume publications include the date, then a comma, followed by the volume

number, then a colon and the page number(s).

Authors with the same surname

The theory was propounded in 1990 (A.E. Larsen 1991) OR

M.K. Larsen (2003) is among those

Make a distinction between them by including the authors' initials. Place the initials

before the family name.

Multiple works by the same author in the same year

Bursch (2005a, 14) described how the yak made transport possible in the high mountainsof InnerAsia, as did the llama in the Andes of South America (Bursch 2005b, 231).

A distinction is made in by adding lower case letters, a, b, c, etc. to the date. These letters

are included in the full reference in the Reference List to distinguish between the two

documents.

Corporate author

(CSIRO 1999) ORAs predicted by the Centre of Independent Studies (1997)


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These are works without a personal author. Corporate authors may be associations,

agencies like government departments or agencies, corporations or organisations. These

names may be abbreviated in the text if the abbreviation is meaningful or well known.

More than one work cited

(Larsen 1991; Haddon 2001) OR

Larsen (1991) and Haddon (2001) demonstrated that OR

(Larsen 1991, 11; Haddon 2001, 3: 734)

No author

This was apparently not the case in seventeenth-century England (On Travelling to

London 1683, 321) OR

On Travelling to London (1683, 321) reveals that this was not true.

When a work has no author or the author is anonymous, cite in-text the first few words of

the reference list entry (usually the title) and the year. Use italics for the title.

No date of publication

Carruthers (n.d.) has suggested OR

(Carruthers n.d.)

NewspapersIf the author of the article is named, cite in the normal way with the author and year of

publication.

If there is no author given, cite the newspaper title in italics. Include the specific date as

well as year and page or section numbers if appropriate.

(Canberra Times 24 Jan. 1997, B6) OR

The Weekend Australian (24-25 Jan. 1997, 19) reported

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Citation within the text - Electronic Documents

Documents published in electronic formats are cited in the same way as print documents.

If the electronic document has an author and date of publication, use these for the in-text

citation. The full description of the document (including its electronic source data) will

be given in the reference list or bibliography at the end of your essay or assignment.

If page numbers are not given, use paragraph or other section numbers if you need to be

specific.

If there is no author or date, follow the guidelines above for print resources.

Electronic booksAn electronic book listed in a reference list as:

Pretty, Jules N. 1995. Regenerating Agriculture: Policies andPractice for

Sustainability and Self-Reliance. Washington DC: Joseph Henry Press.http://www.nap.edu/books/0309052467/html/index.html (accessed June 12, 2006).


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could be cited in the text of an assignment as Pretty (1995, 262-264) or (Pretty 1995,

262-264).

Electronic journalsAn electronic journal listed in a reference list as:

Fitzgerald, Greg. 1999. The GST and Electronic Commerce in Australia. ELaw 6(3):

6+. http://www.murdoch.edu.au/elaw/issues/v6n3/fitzgerald63.txt (accessed June 30,2001).

could be cited in the text of an assignment as Fitzgerald (1999, 7) or (Fitzgerald 1999, 7).

Internet sitesThe internet document listed in a reference list as:

Raidal, Shane R., and Jon Dunsmore. 1996. Parasites of Companion Birds: A Survey ofAlimentary TractParasites in CagedPsittacine Birds with Specific Reference to the

Prevalence of Trichomonas Gallinae. http://wwwvet.murdoch.edu.au/caf/parasit.htm(accessed July 14, 1998).

could be cited in the text of an assignment as Raidal & Dunsmore (1996, 13) or (Raidal

& Dunsmore 1996, 13).

The internet document listed in a reference list as:

Australian Bureau of Statistics. 2000. Livestock Products, Australia, March Quarter,

Cat. no. 7215.0, AusStats. http://www.abs.gov.au/ausstats (accessed July 28, 2000).

could be cited in the text of an assignment as the Australian Bureau of Statistics (2000,sec. 3, par. 2) or (Australian Bureau of Statistics 2000, sec. 3, par. 2).

No Page Numbers

(Derrida 1994, sec. 2, par. 7)

Use a paragraph number if no page numbers are present

No Author, Date or Title

In the unlikely case that the document has no author, date or obvious title then the

internet address may be cited in the text:

Kidspsych (http://www.kidspsych.org) is a wonderful interactive Internet site for

children.

It has been stated that the problem cannot be solved (http://www.xyz.com).

To direct readers to an entire internet site (but not a specific document on the site), it is

sufficient to give the address of the site in the text. Make sure the internet address you

provide is current and links to the site. Remember that internet addresses may change.

Note: information from an internet page with such limited publication details may not be

appropriate to include in academic research. All internet resources should be evaluated

carefully. Criteria for evaluating internet sites include:


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o Who is the author? It is important to check the author's credentials to determinewhether he/she has the knowledge and authority to supply credible information. Check

to see if any contact details are provided.

o How current is the information? See when the document was created and when it waslast updated.

o What is his/her interest in the material? Can you detect any bias in the content and areyou able to determine the purpose of the site? Check the web address to identify the

type of organisation p

roducing the document. Be awa

re that comme

rcial inte

rests andsome politically motivated sites may not present a balanced view.

o What sort of content is there? Can the content be considered comprehensive and ofgood quality? Does it provide links to other documents? Check on the audience the

information is aimed at (e.g. secondary school students or university students).

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Citation within the text - Personal Communications

Personal communications include conversations, interviews, unsourced lecture material,telephone conversations, letters and e-mail messages. These materials are unpublished and are

not included in reference lists or bibliographies. They are not given formal parenthical

references in the text of an essay or assignment, instead references to this form of material are

usually run into the text.

In a telephone conversation with the author on October 12, 2005, Dr J. W. Mueller stated

that ...

ORProfessor Visser gave his reasons for closing the laboratory in an e-mail message to the

author on January 16, 2004. The reasons given were...

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The Reference List or Bibliography

All documents cited in your assignment are listed in a single alphabetical list at the end of

the assignment. The list is arranged by the author's family name or title if no author is

present. The authors' names are given as they appear on the publication you have used.

Capitalisation practice also should be consistent. Titles are given maximal capitalisation.All words other than prepositions, conjunctions, and definite and indefinite articles (a, an,

the) are capitalised. Journal and book titles are italicised or if handwritten underlined.

Print Documents

Books

Author, A., and B. Author, eds. Year. Title: Subtitle. Edition. Place of publication: Name of

Publisher .


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Single authorAdam-Smith, Patsy. 1978. The ANZACS. Melbourne: Thomas Nelson.

Two authors or editorsButler, J. Douglas, and David F. Walbert, eds. 1986. Abortion, Medicine and the Law.

New York: Facts on File Publications.

Three or more authors or editorsMillon, Theodore, Roger Davis, Carrie Millon, Luis Escovar, and Sarah Meagher. 2000.Personality Disorders in Modern Life. New York: Wiley.

No author

The Australian Concise Oxford Dictionary. 1992. 2nd ed. Melbourne: Oxford University

Press.

No Date of publication

Bligh, Beatrice. n.d. Cherish the Earth. Sydney: Macmillan.

Edited translation (where role of editor or translator is of chief importance)

West, T. G., ed. & trans. 1980. Symbolism: An anthology. London: Methuen.

TranslationProust, Marcel. 1970. Jean Santeuil. trans. G. Hopkins. New York: Simon & Schuster.

Two or more books by the same author published in the same year

Gilbert, Sandra M. 1972a.Acts of Attention: The Poems of D. H. Lawrence. Ithaca:

Cornell University Press.

Gilbert, Sandra M. 1972b. Emily's Bread: Poems. New York: Norton.

Multivolume workRussell, Bertrand. 1967. The Autobiography of Bertrand Russell. 3 vols. London: Allen

& Unwin.

Thesis or DissertationNeuenfeldt, Karl Wm. 1994. Sounding silences: Ethnogenesis, ethno-pop music and

indigenous peoples. PhD diss., Curtin University of Technology.

Please note: do not use italics or capitalise the title of an unpublished document.

Entry in an encyclopaedia/dictionary

When referring to a well-known alphabetically arranged work such as an encyclopaedia

or dictionary, the citation should be incorporated into the text.

Example: "In his article on multiculturalism in the 2003 edition of The Oxford

Companion to Australian History, John Lack ...."

These items are not then listed in a bibliography or reference list (Chicago Manual of

Style, sec. 17.238).

Conference (complete conference proceedings with editors)Hall, Kira, Michael Meacham and Richard Shapiro, ed. 1989. Proceedings of the


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Fifteenth Annual Meeting of the Berkeley Linguistics Society, February 18-20, 1989:

General Session andParasession on Theoretical Issues in Language Reconstruction.

Berkeley: Berkeley Linguistics Society.

Organisation

Ansett Transport Industries Ltd. 1984.Annual Report 1983-84. Melbourne: ATI.

Government publicationAustralian Bureau of Statistics. 1985. Projections of the Population of Australia, Statesand Territories, 1984 to 2021 , Cat. no. 3222.0. Canberra: ABS.

Government Departments

Australia. Department ofAboriginal Affairs. 1989. Programs in Action for Aboriginal

and Torres Strait IslanderPeople: Achievements. Canberra: AGPS.

Western Australia. Environmental Protection Authority. 1998.Industrial Infrastructure

and Harbour Development, Jervoise Bay. Bulletin 908. Perth: EPA.

Please Note: Documents authored by government departments are most usefully cited

following the jurisdiction they report to - i.e. precede the Department name withAustralia, Western Australia, etc. For further information please refer to section 17.293

of the Chicago Manual of Style.

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Parts ofa Book

These examples are for chapters or parts of edited works in which the chapters or parts

have individual title and author/s, but are included in collections or textbooks edited byothers.

Only the first letter of the first word of the title of the chapter or part and proper nouns

are capitalized.

Note:If the editors of a work are also the authors of all of the included chapters then it should

be cited as a whole book using the examples given above (Books).

Author of Part, A. Year. Title of chapter or part. In Title: Subtitle of Book, Edition, ed. A. Editor

and B. Editor, inclusive page numbers. Place of publication: Publisher.

Article/chapter in a bookDovey, Jon. 2001. Reality TV. In The Television Genre Book, ed. Glen Creber, 134-137.

London: British Film Institute.

Rapping, Elayne. 2004. Aliens, nomads, mad dogs, and road warriors: The changing face

of criminal violence on TV. InReality TV: Remaking Television Culture, ed. Susan

Murray and Laurie Ouellette, 214-230. New York: New York University Press.


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Conference or Seminar PaperSingh, Kamal, and Gary Best. 2004. Film induced tourism: Motivations of visitors to the

Hobbiton movie set as featured in 'The Lord of the Rings'. In Proceedings of the 1st

International Tourism and Media Conference, Melbourne, 2004, 98-111. Melbourne:

Tourism Research Unit, Monash University.

Study Guides and Unit Readers

Note: If an article is reproduced in a Unit reader with full original pagination andbibliographic details, you may cite it as you would the original material. However, you

should not cite from Unit Readers, Study Guides, or lecture notes if the original material

is not reproduced in full with full bibliographic details, you should go to the original

source of the information. If you do need to cite articles from a Unit Reader without theoriginal pagination, treat the Reader articles as if they were book or journal articles. In

your citations refer to the page numbers from the Reader, not the original page numbers.

Mendes, Philip. 1988. Key principles of community work. Community Quarterly 47.

Reprinted inApproaches to Community Development (COD125) Unit Reader 2004, 99-

103. Murdoch: Murdoch University.

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JournalArticles

Provide the following descriptive elements in the order given in the example below. Only

the first word of the article title and proper nouns are capitalized. The issue number is

given in parentheses, but is omitted if page numbers are continuous throughout a volume.

The issue number is also unnecessary when a month or season precedes the year.

Article Author, A., and B. Article Author. Year. Title of article. Title of Journalvolume number(issue number): inclusive page numbers.

Journal article

Kerr, Stephen J., Andrea Mant, Fiona E. Horn, Kevin McGeechan, and Geoffrey P.

Sayer. 2003. Lessons from early large-scale adoption of Celecoxib and Rofecoxib by

Australian general practitioners.MedicalJournal of Australia 179: 403-407.

Allison, Gary W. 1999. The implications of experimental design for biodiversity

manipulations.American Naturalist153 (1): 26-45.

Anonymous articleNote: Do not use Anonymous as the authors' name unless the article is signed

"Anonymous" or if you need to include a series of anonymous articles in a reference list.

Who will regulate the veterinary profession of the future? 2004. Veterinary Record154:

450-451.


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Newspaper articleEccleston, Roy. 2006. Generation XXL. Weekend Australian Magazine, June 10-11: 16-

19.

[Contents]

ElectronicDocuments

References to electronic publications begin with the same information that would be

provided for a printed source. Additional information must be provided (depending on

the type of electronic publication) to correctly identify that you accessed the document in

an electronic format.

An electronic publication could be an Internet site, an email, a journal article published

on the Internet, or a journal article retrieved from one of the full text databases available

from the Library. Some documents are published in both paper and electronic formats.

Please cite according to the format you accessed.

Be aware that pagination may not be specified for many online publications. The number

of the starting page can be included in your citation if it is given, and/or the number of

pages in the document. For example: p. 7+ or (5 pp.) The descriptive elements listed

below may be a useful guide to what you need to record when citing an electronic

document.

o name of author(s) if giveno year or date or publication (or date site was created or updated)o title of documento medium (if not online)**o title of web site or databaseo pages, sections or paragraphs (if given)o web address ( if appropriate)o date you accessed the site

**If you are not sure whether the document you wish to cite is online, ask at the library

Reference Desk.

[Contents]

E-Books

Use the descriptive elements listed in the example below to cite e-books. A URL is not

required for items to which the Library subscribes.

Author, A., and B. Author. Date of original publication. Title of e-book.Place ofPublication:

Publisher. Source. Web address (accessed date) [if appropriate].


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Bass, Len, Paul Clements, and Rick Kazman. 2003. Software Architecture in Practice.

2nd ed. Reading MA: Addison Wesley. Safari e-book.

Eckes, Thomas. 2000. The Developmental SocialPsychology of Gender. Mahwah NJ:

Lawrence Erlbaum. netLibrary e-book.

Pretty, Jules N. 1995. Regenerating Agriculture: Policies andPractice for Sustainability

and Self-Reliance. Washington DC: Joseph Henry Press.http://www.nap.edu/books/0309052467/html/index.html (accessed June 12, 2006).

Parpart, Jane L., M. Patricia Connelly, and V. Eudine Barriteau, eds. 2000. Theoretical

Perspectives on Gender and Development. Ottawa, Canada: International Development

Research Centre. http://www.idrc.ca/en/ev-9419-201-1-DO_TOPIC.html (accessed May

21, 2005).

Article from an Electronic Encyclopaedia/DictionaryIn the same manner as print editions, references to electronic versions of encyclopedias

and dictionaries, should be incorporated into the text of the essay or assignment and not

included in the bibliography.

[Contents]

E-Journals

Journal article from full text databaseFull text databases include ProQuest, EAI, and Wiley Interscience to name a few. Please

remember that the journals in full text databases may be accessed using links from the

library web catalogue or from Electronic Course Materials. Once linked to the journal,

check the screen to see if it is from a database. Journals in full text databases are usuallynot free on the internet but are purchased on subscription by the library. For this reason

the Database name is cited as well as the URL.

Note: When including the internet address, please use the Recommended URLs for Full-

text Databases, which are the URLs for the main entrance to the service and are easier to

reproduce.

Use the descriptive elements listed in the example below to cite journal articles retrieved

from the library's full text databases.

Article Author, A., and B. Article Author. Year. Title of article. Title of Journalvolume number

(issue number): inclusive page or paragraph numbers. Database name. Web address of main

entrance of the service (accessed date).

Mayor, Susan. 2000. Cloned calves are grown from cultured cells. British Medical

Journal320: 136+. ProQuest. http://il.proquest.com (accessed June 30, 2001).

Stelljes, Kathryn Barry. 1994. Diagnosing the tough ones. Agricultural Research 42 (8):

4+. Academic OneFile. http://find.galegroup.com (accessed November 12, 1999).


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Newspaper article from full text databaseFannin, Penny. 2002. Mechanical heart tested. The Age,April 29. Factiva.

http://global.factiva.com (accessed July 10, 2001).

Journal article from the Internet

Unlike journal articles from full text databases these are often freely available on the

web. Some publishers offer recent issues for free and earlier issues for a subscription fee.

Article Author, A., and B. Article Author. Year. Title of Article. Title of Journalvolume number

(issue number): inclusive page or paragraph numbers. Web address (accessed date).

Fitzgerald, Greg. 1999. The GST and electronic commerce in Australia. ELaw 6(3): 6+.

http://www.murdoch.edu.au/elaw/issues/v6n3/fitzgerald63.txt (accessed June 30, 2001).

Newspaper Article from InternetMegalogenis, George. 1999. Women win the jobs race. The Australian, 12 November:

13. http://www.theaustralian.com.au (accessed November 12, 1999).

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InternetDocuments

Cite documents published on the internet according to the specific guidelines for the type

of document. Books, plays, government reports and company annual reports are

examples of documents that may be published on the Internet.

Please note: If no author or editor is given, the title will precede the year of publication.

Author, A. Year. Title: Subtitle. Edition. Source or supplier information. Web address (accessed

date).

Whole Internet site

Australia. Commonwealth Bureau of Meteorology. 2001. Climate Information.http://www.bom.gov.au/climate (accessed July 14, 2001).

Electronic document, no authorHow to Cite References. 1996. Murdoch: Murdoch University Library.

http://wwwlib.murdoch.edu.au/libinfo/gdes/refgdes/cite/cite.html (accessed July 14,1998).

Government publication (Australian Bureau of Statistics Bulletin)

Australian Bureau of Statistics. 1999.Australian Farming in Brief.Bulletin, Cat. no.7106.0, AusStats. http://www.abs.gov.au/ausstats (accessed July 6, 2001).

AusStats is an example of a full text database that offers data, in this case the full text of

Australian Bureau of Statistics publications freely on the Internet.


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Government publication (Government Department)Western Australia. Department of Environmental Protection. 1998. Environment Western

Australia 1998 : State of the Environment Report 1998.

http://www.environ.wa.gov.au/publications/report.asp?id=7&catid=25&pubid=1064

(accessed February 28, 2000).

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Non-Book Formats

Performer orPresenter, A. Year. Title : Subtitle. format. Special credits. Place ofrecording:

Publisher, Date ofrecording.

Note: A performer or presenter is only given principal credit if they are the focus of the

recording.

Podcasts

Brown, Warren, Keith Brodie, and Peter George. 2007. From Lake Baikal to the Halfway Mark,

Yekaterinburg. Peking to Paris: Episode 3 podcast television programme. Sydney: ABC

Television, June 4. http://www.abc.net.au/tv/pekingtoparis/podcast/pekingtopa ris.xml


Gary, Stuart. 2007.Black Hole Death Ray. StarStuff. podcast radio programme. Sydney:

ABC News Radio, December 23. http://abc.net.au/newsradio/podcast/STARSTUFF.xml


OtherFo

rmat

s

Television ProgrammeMasters, Chris. 2006.BigFish, Little Fish. Four Corners. television program. Sydney:

ABC Television, March 27.

DVDBowling for Columbine. 2003. DVD. Written and directed by Michael Moore.

Melbourne:AV Channel.

Video RecordingAttenborough, David. 1990.Life on Earth: A Natural History. videorecording. Produced

by Richard Brock and John Sparks. US: Warner Home Video.

Radio ProgrammeBrowning, Daniel. 2006.Black Soccer Heroes. Message Stick. radio program. Guest

speaker Dr. John Maynard. Sydney:ABC Radio, June 9.

MicroformBunny, F. 1995. Biology and ecology of Phytophthora citricola. InNative Plant

Communities Affected By Mining. microfiche. East Perth, W.A.: MERIWA.


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[Contents]

A Reference List : What It Should Look Like

Please note:

o The hanging indent for each reference makes the alphabetical sequence more obvious.o Chicago differs from some other author-date referencing styles in that the authors'

names are given as they appear on the source material and second or further authors'

names are not reversed.

References

Attenborough, David. 1990. Life on Earth: A Natural History. videorecording. Produced by

Richard Brock and John Sparks. US: WarnerHome Video.

Australia. Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry. 2007. Biosecurity: Protect YourAnimals and Produce from Pests and Disease. http://www.daffa.gov.au/animal-plant-

health/pests-diseases-weeds/biosecurity (accessed September 13, 2007).

Australian Bureau ofStatistics. 2000. Livestock Products, Australia, March Quarter, Cat. no.

7215.0, AusStats. http://www.abs.gov.au/ausstats (accessed July 28, 2000).

Bita, Natasha. 2006. Bird flu outbreaks may be hidden. The Australian, June 1: 3.

http://www.theaustralian.com.au (accessed November 12, 2006).

Bunny, F. 1995. Biology and ecology ofPhytophthora citricola. In Native Plant Communities

Affected By Mining. microfiche. East Perth, W.A.: MERIWA.

Carneiro, P.C. F., S.M. Cirio, and M. Schorer. 2006. Pathological study of jundia fingerlings

experimentally infected by ich and submitted to conventional treatments.Archives of

Veterinary Science 11(1): 33-38.

Castillo-Olivares, Javier, and James Wood. 2004. West Nile virus infection of horses. Veterinary

Research 35: 467-483.

Duncan, J. Robert, Keith W. Prasse, and Edward A.Mahaffey. 1994. Veterinary Laboratory

Medicine: Clinical Pathology. 3rd ed. Ames, Iowa: Iowa State University Press.

Fisher, Maggie. 1996. Guarding against Giardia. Vet On-Line: The International Journal of

Veterinary Medicine 12 (1): 16-22.http://www.priory.com/vet.htm (accessed July 14, 1998).

Foster, J. D., and A. G. Dickinson. 1988a. The unusual properties of CH1641, a sheep passaged

isolate ofScrapie. Veterinary Record123: 5-8.

Foster, J. D., and A. G. Dickinson.1988b. Genetic control ofScrapie in Cheviot and Suffolk sheep.

Veterinary Record123: 159.


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Grubman, Marvin J. 2005. Development of novel strategies to control foot-and-mouth disease:

Marker vaccines and antivirals. Biologicals 33: 237-244. ScienceDirect.

http://www.sciencedirect.com/ (accessed Septmber 17, 2006).

How to Cite References. 1996. Murdoch:Murdoch University Library.

http://wwwlib.murdoch.edu.au/libinfo/gdes/ refgdes/cite/cite.html (accessed July 14, 1998).

Joshi,Nanda P., and Thomas H. Herdt, eds. 2006. Production Diseases in Farm Animals: 12th

International Conference. Wageningen, The Netherlands: Wageningen Academic Publishers.

Kaplan,Melissa. 2007. Melissa Kaplan's Herps and Zoonoses and Related Human Health

Concerns. http://www.anapsid.org/mainzoonoses.html (accessed September 13, 2007).

Kellems, Richard O., and D.C. Church. 2002. LivestockFeeds andFeeding. 5th ed. UpperSaddle

River, NJ: Prentice Hall.

Knipe, David M., and PeterM. Howley. 2007. Fields Virology. 5th ed. 2 Vols. Philadelphia:

Wolters Kluwe

rH

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[Contents]

Abbreviations

Standard abbreviations may be used in your citations. A list of appropriate abbreviations

can be found in Chicago Manual of Style (2003), p. 571-577. Some of the more often

used examples are listed here.

app. appendix

art. article

chap. chapter

div. division

ed. editor, edited by, edition

eds. editors

et al. and others (Latin et al)

n.d. no date

no. nos. number(s)

n.p. no place

p. pp. page(s)

par. paragraph

pt. part

rev. revised


18/18

sec. section

ser. series

suppl. supplement

s.v. under

the word (Latin sub verso)

trans. translator(s)

vol. volume

[Contents]

Sources of Information

The Chicago Manual of Style. 2003. 15th ed., chap. 15-17. Chicago: University of

Chicago Press.

LinkLevel 3 R 808.0270973 CHI2003

Murdoch University. Library. 2001.How to Cite References.

http://www.murdoch.edu.au/library/find/citation/ (accessed January 15, 2006).