how to bridge the gap between town and …...association of cities and regions for recycling and...
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HOW TO BRIDGE THE GAP BETWEEN TOWN
AND COUNTRY ?
Jean-Benoit Bel | Phosphorus a Limited Ressource – Closing the Loop| 28/10/2016
Association of Cities and Regions for recycling
and sustainable resource management
Non profit international
association
• 90 members
• 23 countries
• 1100 local authorities
International
network
To promote a sustainable management of material resources
through prevention at source, reuse and recycling
Multi-stakeholders
approach
Publications Conferences Webinars News
R4R expert group meeting, Athens,
13 December 2012Join us: http://www.acrplus.org/index.php/en/about-acr/join-us
Bio-waste ?
Bio-waste includes:– Biodegradable waste
from park and garden– Food and kitchen waste
from households, restaurants, caterers, retailers
– Comparable waste from food processing plants
By-products (e.g. feed) from production: not included
Food waste production
Food waste in Europe: about 100 Mt/yr
170 kg/cap/yr
Losses: 143 billion euros per year (Fusions)
Production11%
Processing19%
Wholesale and retail
5%Food service
12%
Households53%
Reasons behind food waste
Edible food waste:
– Non compliant products
– Expired products
– Rests from meals…
Inedible food waste:
– Preparation of products/meals
– Unedible parts of meals (eggshells, bones…)
EU Legislation
Waste framework Directive
Animal by products
Landfill Directive
Current management
About 30 % of bio-waste recovered:
– Compost (mainly)
– Anaerobic digestion: biogas/biomethane
Rest: mixed with residual waste and landfilled/incinerated
– GHG emissions
– Lost potential
Sorting bio-waste
2 methods:
– Separation at the source
– MBT
Treatment of bio-waste: composting
O2water
Bio-waste
leachate
Compost (~45%)
Anaerobic digestion
O2 water
Bio-waste
Digestate
Biogaz Heat / electricity
biomethane
Use on land
Liquid fertilizer + compost
Municipal bio-waste: benchmark
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
Main fractions sent to recycling (kg/cap)
Recyclable material Biowaste WEEE Hazardous Other
Municipal bio-waste: benchmark
0
50
100
150
200
250
Flanders (BE) Odense (DK) Styria (AT) Catalonia (ES) Limerick (IE) Ile-de-France(FR)
Milano (IT) Lisbon (PT) Attica region(GR)
Bio-waste recycling (kg/inh)
in residual waste
sum sorting stages, treatment incineration/landfill
sum sorting stages, treatment DREC
PROVINCE OF STYRIA
• 80s: low landfilling capacities• 1987: first pilots• 1990: waste plan with targets on
bio-waste recycling• Currently: 80 kg/cap• Compostion and AD
LIMERICK COUNTY
• Legislation making collection mandatory for commercial waste (2009) and households (2013)
• Household: mandatory to compost, sort or bring bio-waste to recycling centre
• Implementation depending on cities’ population – 100% in 2016
Catalonia
• Several drivers: reduce landfilling, improve soils quality
• Collection for 95% of the population
• Collection of market and catering waste
• Set with financial instruments
One example: city of Milan
For SMALL BUILDINGS (on request)
HDPE
brown 35 lt.
bin with
handle
and lock
10 lt.
ventilated
kitchen bin
120 lt. bin 25 free
compostable
bags
For LARGE BUILDINGS
2011 2012 2013 2014
691.806 666.418 649.838 660.200
523 503 480 493
*
*
* 2014 Forecast Source: AMSA
65.5% 63.2% 56.6%
51%*12.0% 12.3%
12.7%
12.7%
18.1%
11.2%
6.2%
9.5%
5.3%
9.2%
4.5% 5.2% 6.0% 6.3%
9.6% 9.7%
3.5% 3,6% 3.9% 4.2%
Total MSW (t)
MSW per capita(kg/inh. *year)
Residual waste
Paper andcardboard
Biowaste
Glass
Plastic andmetals
WEEE, Bulkywaste and other
49%
*
Prevention
Part of food waste: avoidable– Reduction at the
source
– Re-use
– Food donation
On-site composting– Home composting
– Collective composting
Use of compost and digestate
Crucial question:– Local users?
– Importance of quality: quality of input + independent control
– Guidelines for users
End of Waste criteria:– Under definition
– Could contribute to its development
Challenges?
Much potential– Compost / fertilizer
– Energy
– Reduction of GHG emissions
– Revenues?
Some challenges:– Organisation in dense cities?
– Legal / sanitary issues
– Costs ?
DECISIVE Project
DECISIVE: a decentralised management scheme for innovative valorisation of urban bio-waste
Horizon 2020 project (2016-2020)
“Closing the organic loop”
13 partners
DECISIVE project
URBAN AREA
PERI URBAN AREA
EXTRA URBAN AREA
FOOD
ENERGY
BIO-WASTE
DECISIVE project
URBAN AREA
PERI URBAN AREA
EXTRA URBAN AREA
FOOD
ENERGY
BIO-WASTE
Urban farms
