how systems engineers think (a message for healthcare professionals)

7/25/2019 How Systems Engineers Think (a Message for Healthcare Professionals)

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8/31/20

(A Message for Healthcare Professionals)

1

Shi-Jie (Gary) Chen, Ph.D.

Industrial and Systems Engineering

Northern Illinois University

Engineers Make Things.

Industrial and Systems Engineers Make Things Better

ISYE is not design an object, but in a sense design how

a business or industry will be run

ISYE is the study of applying scientific, mathematical

and computer techniques to design, model, analyze and

improve complex systems (i.e., manufacturing, service,

healthcare, transportation, government, etc.)

2



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3

Production

Planning

and Control

Prototyping

Process

Planning

QualityControl

Product

Design

Engineering

Analysis

Market

Analysis

R&D

Computer

Aided

Design

(CAD)

Computer

Aided

Manufacturing

(CAM)

Rapid

Prototyping

(RP)Computer

Aided

Engineering

(CAE)

Computer

Aided Process

Planning

(CAPP)

Computer

Aided Quality

Control

(CAQC)

4

Business Strategy

Marketing StrategyOperations StrategyFinance Strategy

Operations

Management

People Plants Parts Processes

Planning and Control Systems

Production System

Input

Materials

Customers

Output

Products

Services

(Scrap & Waste)



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5

Time

D e m a n d

Time

D e m a n d

Time

D

e m a n d

Random Trend

Seasonality

(Cycles)Seasonality + Trend

D

e m a n d

Time

6

Objective

Forecasting

WMA DES

Exponential

Smoothing

Moving

Average

Time Series

Methods

Causal

Models

Regression

Analysis

Seasonal

Factors

ES

Linear

Regression

o

Trend

Seasonality

rend

Trend

Cycle



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7

Business Strategy


Operations

Management



Production System

Input

Materials

Customers

Output

Products

Services

(Scrap & Waste)

8

T

t

t S t U t Ot Rt I t F t H S cU cOc P c I c F c H c

1

Minimize

Subject to:

Wt = Wt-1 + Ht – Ft for 1 t T (workforce) (A)

It = It-1 + Pt + St – Dt for 1

t

T (inventory) (B)Pt = K nt Wt + Ot – Ut for 1 t T (production) (C)

Ht, Ft, It, Ot, Ut, St, Wt, Pt ≥ 0 (non negativity) (D)

Ot Ut = 0 for 1 t T (rounding)

Ht Ft = 0 for 1 t T (rounding)



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9

Business Strategy


Operations

Management



Production System

Input

Materials

Customers

Output

Products

Services

(Scrap & Waste)

10



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11

12



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Business Strategy


Operations

Management



Production System

Input

Materials

Customers

Output

Products

Services

(Scrap & Waste)

14

Market

Analysis

R&D

Computer AidedDesign (CAD)

Underbody_Sub

RoofFix

UB_Complet_ sm

Dash_Sub4

UB_Dash_Asm

BIW Ctr_Roof_Bowr_Roof_Bow Rr_Roof_Bow

Roof_Panel

HydroForm_Sub

B S_ Su b _R T B S_ Su b _L t

Frame_Fx

UB_Complet_Fx

UB_Fx

Dash_Sub3 Pnl_Cowl_Bar DashSub4Fx

Dash_Sub1 Dash_Sub3_Fx Dash_Sub2

Pt1 Pt2 Pt3 Pt4 Pt5 Dash_Sub1 _F x P t6 P t7 P t8 D as h_ Su b2 _F x

BS_Sub4_Rt BS_Sub5_Fx BS_Sub3_Rt

BS_Sub1_Rt BS_Sub2_Rt BS_Sub4_Fx

Pt21 Pt22 BS_Sub3_FxPt15 P t16 P t17 BS_Sub1_Fx

Pt18 Pt19 Pt20 BS_Sub2_Fx

Warren Truck

Underbody_Sub

RoofFix

UB_Complet_ sm

Dash_Sub4

UB_Dash_Asm

BIW Ctr_Roof_Bowr_Roof_Bow Rr_Roof_Bow

Roof_Panel

HydroForm_Sub

B S_ Su b _R T B S_ Su b _L t

Frame_Fx

UB_Complet_Fx

UB_Fx

Dash_Sub3 Pnl_Cowl_Bar DashSub4Fx

Dash_Sub1 Dash_Sub3_Fx Dash_Sub2

Pt1 Pt2 Pt3 Pt4 Pt5 Dash_Sub1 _F x P t6 P t7 P t8 D as h_ Su b2 _F x

BS_Sub4_Rt BS_Sub5_Fx BS_Sub3_Rt

BS_Sub1_Rt BS_Sub2_Rt BS_Sub4_Fx

Pt21 Pt22 BS_Sub3_FxPt15 P t16 P t17 BS_Sub1_Fx

Pt18 Pt19 Pt20 BS_Sub2_Fx

Warren Truck

Convert customer

need to function

of each part

Convert to design

specification

Design Principles

for quality and

productivity

Computer Aided Engineering (CAE)



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15

Cost of

having too

little

Cost of

having too

much

16

If annual demand λ is 12,000 units:

Option 1

12,000

Jan. Dec.

Q -λ

T



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If annual demand λ is 12,000 units:

Option 2

12,000

Jan. Dec.

Q -λ

T

1,000

18

h

K 2Q



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Business Strategy


Operations

Management



Production System

Input

Materials

Customers

Output

Products

Services

(Scrap & Waste)

20

F

G

E

A

D

B

C



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21

Task A B C D E F G H I J K L Task B C A K L J F I E D H GA B

B C

C A

D K

E L

F J

G F

H I

I E

J D

K

H

L G

(a) Original binary matrix (unpartitioned) (b) Reordered binary matrix (partitioned)

Dependent tasks}

Independent tasks}

}Interdependent

tasks

} Interdependent

tasks

From From

To To

22

Business Strategy


Operations

Management



Production System

Input

Materials

Customers

Output

Products

Services

(Scrap & Waste)

Organization A



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23

Customer wants

detergent and goes

to Jewel

P&G or other

manufacturer

Jewel or third

party DC/WH

Jewel

Supermarket

Chemicalmanufacturer

(e.g. Oil Company)

Paper

Manufacturer

Timber

Industry

Plastic

Producer

Tenneco

Packaging

Chemical

manufacturer

(e.g. Oil Company)

24

F

G

E

A

D

B

C



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25

Or . A B C D E F G H I J K L Or . B C A K L J F I E D H GA B B C C A D K E L F J G F H I I E J D K

H

L G

(a) Original binary matrix (unpartitioned) (b) Reordered binary matrix (partitioned)

Dependent organizations }

Independent organizations }

} Interdependent

organizations

} Interdependent

organizations

From From

To To

26



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Patient Safety

◦ Medication inventory control and safety stock levels

◦ Medication delivery analysis and improvement including

prescribing, transcribing, dispensing, administering, and

monitoring

◦ Human factors engineering (e.g., human-machine systems,

human error, auditory and visual systems)

◦ Information systems and technology (e.g., EMR, CPOE, auto

dispensing machine, etc.)

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Operations Efficiency

◦ Medication supply chain management (e.g., external supply

chain and internal supply chain)

◦ Systems/process improvement in emergency department,

operating rooms, intensive care unit, pharmacy,

medical/surgical unit, etc.◦ Systems analysis of patient flow, medication flow, work/task

flow, information flow, etc.

◦ Queuing and patient waiting time analysis

◦ Facilities planning and layout design

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Quality and Customer Satisfaction

◦ Six sigma and quality management program (e.g.,

patient service quality monitoring, DMAIC cycle for

problem solving and continuous improvement)

◦ Statistical process control

◦ Scheduling of nurses, surgical teams, operating

rooms, outpatients, etc.

◦ Capacity planning and resource allocation (e.g., demand

forecasting, staffing, beds allocation, etc.)

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how systems engineers think (a message for healthcare professionals)

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