how sweet is epigenetics.pdf
TRANSCRIPT
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The basic constituents of our genetic material
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DNA
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8 proteins called histones, joined together, with their tails sticking out
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The DNA wraps around the histones.
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Small chemical groups get added to the histone tails. “Green” modifications switch genes on. “Purple” modifications switch genes off.
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If there are lots of “purple” repressive histone modifications these will attract the “orange” modifications to the DNA. This switches genes off even more tightly.
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Some regions of DNA get completely smothered in these repressive “orange” modifications.
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These regions get squashed up tightly and it’s almost impossible to switch on the genes here.