How Species Interact with Each Other

Chapter 8Section 2

What are we learning?

• Essential Question:– How are species

interacting with each other essential to their survival?

• Objectives:– Explain the

difference between habitat and niche

– Give examples of a niche

– Explain how symbiotic relationships may evolve

– Explain the difference between parasitism and predation

An Organisms Niche

• Unique role of a species within an ecosystem– Physical Home (habitat)– Environmental factors necessary for

survival – Interactions with other organisms

• Functional role or job of a particular species in an ecosystem

• What you do VS. Who you are

Ways in Which Species InteractInteraction Species A Species B Description

Competition Harmed Harmed Each species negatively affects the other

Predation and Parasitism

Benefited Harmed Species A feeds on Species B

Mutualism Benefited Benefited Each species is helpful

Commensalism

Benefited Unaffected Species A benefits from B, but B is unaffected

Mutualism

• Close relationship between two species in which each species provides a benefit to the other

• (+) / (+)

X. Rhinos & Oxpecker

Commensalisms

• Relationship in which one species benefits and the other species is neither harmed nor helped

• (+) / (N/A)• X. clown fish & sea

anemome• Raccoons eating our

garbage

Parasitism

• An organism that lives in or on another organism and feeds on the other organism

• Host usually lives• (+) / (-)• X. tapeworm and

humans

Predation• Organism that

feeds on another organism

• (+) / (-)• Prey dies• X. Sharks & Seals

Competition

• Relationship in which different individuals or populations attempt to use the same limited resources

• Occurs between and within species

Type of Competition

• Direct = Head to Head

• Indirect Competition– Don’t have to

come in contact with each other

– X. Insect feeds on a plant in the a.m., a different insect feeds on the same plant in the p.m.

Adaptations to Competition

• Niche Restrictions- each species uses less of the niche than they are capable of using

Symbiosis and Coevolution• Two organisms living in close association • Species in close relationships may evolve

adaptations that reduce the harm or improve the benefit of the relationship.– 2 species evolve in response to each other– X. Flowers and hummingbirds

Let’s Review

1. Give examples of species that have the same habitat but not the same niche that a lion has.

2. Describe the five types of species interactions