How our body works when we

exercise? There are three main systems involved in exercise. They are the

respiratory system, which is about breathing. The circulatory system

which is about the heart and blood and the muscular system which is

about the movement of our body.

Respiratory

The first process in the respiratory system is breathing. Breathing is

inhale (breathing in) to get oxygen inside your body so you can live. We

also exhale ( breathe out) carbon dioxide. Breathing is automatically

happening in your body. Your body needs an unlimited amount of oxygen

for you to live until you die. You breathe automatically for the rest of

your life.

Secondly when you breathe the oxygen comes down your trachea also

known as your windpipe. While it is travelling down your trachea it

slides through tiny hair like tubes to enter the lungs. When it is in the

tubes there are tiny microscopic hairs called cilia, cilia catch all of the

mucus and dirt. When the oxygen is still travelling through the trachea

it goes through little passages called bronchioles, the bronchioles lead

into the lungs. once it is inside the lungs the lungs expand and when you

Diaphragm

The diaphragm is the muscle that helps the lungs to breathe. The

diaphragm is located on the bottom of your lungs so your lungs can rest.

It also helps the lungs to expand, your lungs deflate when you exhale.

Lungs

The lungs are one of the important organs in the body, if you did not

have any lungs you will die. The lungs are located in your chest, this is

because it needs to rest on top of the diaphragm. They are also

protected by the rib cage.

Both lungs are different because of their sizes the left lung is smaller

because it needs to make room for the heart to sit. The lungs are

squishy like a pink sponge.

Blood

Blood vessels are like vines that transport blood to and from the heart.

Blood vessels transport blood all over your body so you can live. Blood

helps the oxygen transfer into blood cells. This is because the blood

cells are small enough to be in single file.

Exercise

When exercise you start to breathe heavier and your heart starts to

power up and accelerates.

Lastly the respiratory system is about the breathing,lungs,blood and

exercise these are all involved in the respiratory system.

Circulatory system

The next system involved when exercise is the circulatory . The

circulatory systems job is to pump blood around the body. The heart is

located in the left middle of the chest. This is because it needs to be

closer to all of the other important organs to supply them with oxygen.

It’s also easier to pump blood to the upper body. The heart is protected

by the rib cage behind the left lung.

The heart is the size of an owners clenched fist. The heart is a special

muscle because it provides oxygen for us to live. The muscle fibres have

a special pattern that appears strait rather than spiral. It is easier to

pump blood around the body and squeeze so the main organs can receive

oxygen and nutrients.

there are 4 main parts of the heart 2 atriums and 2 ventricles. The

left side of the heart has an atrium a ventricle and a bicuspid valve.

The left atrium receives oxygenated blood from the lungs, while the

left ventricle pumps blood ventricle. The valve is located in between the

left ventricle and the right ventricle. The valve makes the blood enter

into the heart. The right atrium receives blood from the body. The job

of the right ventricle is to pump the blood to the pulmonary artery.

The nerves are a part of the circulatory system. The brain sends

messages to the sympathetic nerves that tells the heart to beat. The

parasympathetic nerves tell the heart to slow down when it is in a calm

situation.

3 Circulations

In the circulatory system there are 3 circulations, there is coronary

circulation pulmonary circulation and the systemic circulation. The first

one is the coronary circulation, the coronary circulation helps circulate

the blood to the cardiac muscle (the heart). The heart needs

nutrients and oxygen so it can keep working. It is a circulation that

keeps on working and it is also a muscle that produces waste. Next is

the pulmonary circulation, this circulation takes blood to and from the

heart and the lungs. Bronchiole circulation supply’s blood to the tissue

of larger airways inside the lungs. tissue with blood to the tissue of

larger airways in the lungs. The last of the circulations is the

systemic circulation it helps send blood around the body. It helps supply

the body cells with oxygen and nutrients. This circulation is important

because it takes all of the waste away.

Blood Vessels

There are different types of blood vessels in the whole body system

there are arteries, veins, and capillaries. The first blood vessel is the

arteries the arteries are a special blood vessel because it has 4 layers

there is a tunica layer which is the outer layer. This outer layer

contains blood vessels to supply. And the outer layer also contains nerve

cells. The next layer of the arteries are the tunica media, the tunica

media is the muscular layer, this is an elastic layer it also takes lots

of space in the arteries. It is elastic so it can expand it is also the

thickest layer in the arteries. The muscular layer puts more pressure.

Next is the tunica intima inner lining they are made of endothelial cells.

Next is the lumen. The is the hollow centre of the vessel. The lumen

is not as wide as a vein. It creates a high pressure and also it travels

through the body quicker.

CAPPALARIES

Capillaries don’t have 4 tunica layers like the arteries. The capillaries

only have a layer, that one layer is made out of endothelial cells.

VEINS

Next is the veins, the veins have the same design as the arteries but

has its differences. The lumen is wider than the lumen in arteries. The

vein has a thinner tunica media and has less pressure. The vein has a

thinner tunica media the cause of this. Veins also contain valves, the

valve stops the blood from going into the wrong direction it allows the

blood to pool. They also have a muscle pump, to help the blood pass

through.

Appearance

inside your body your blood vessels are a whitish. Your blood vessels

under your skin appear blue, this is because the sun t cant penetrate

through your skin. The arteries are red and veins are blue in teat

books so they can show the difference.

Types

As stated before there are different types of blood vessels. The

arteries are a part of the arterial system, is deep inside the body to

protect them. They transport oxygenated blood from the heart. There

is a high pressure from the heart, if you cut an artery blood will come

squirting out, because there is no pressure. Arteries start to get

smaller and smaller and they become arterioles. They are in the same

position in everyone. Capillaries are the smallest vessel and arterioles

filter the blood into them. Once here they deposit oxygen and nutrients

to cells. It transfers the waste and carbon dioxide to the blood.

Veins are a part of the venous system, this system carries deoxygenated

blood to the heart. It is a pressure system and if you cut one it will

dribble. Veins get bigger and bigger from the capillaries. They become

venules, then the veins. Lots of veins lie right under the surface of

your skin. Little veins vary from person to person but the main veins

are in the same place.

Blood Vessels Around The Heart

The pulmonary artery carries deoxygenated blood from the right

ventricle to the lungs. The pulmonary vein carry’s deoxygenated blood

from lungs to t5he heart. Next is the aorta, the aorta is the biggest

artery in the body. The aortas job is to take oxygenated blood from the

left ventricle to the body. There are two main veins the superior vena

cava that is in the upper body and there is the inferior vena cava which

is in the lower body.

Blood

The blood takes the heat from the busier places like the heart, the

lungs and the liver, it spreads the heat evenly around the body. That is

how we stay warm. There are 4 main parts to the blood, the first is

the red blood cells they are the main reason that our blood is red. Half

the volume of the blood is red blood cells and there are billions of them.

The red blood cells transport things around the body such as, oxygen to

cells in body. The red blood cells also carries waste like carbon dioxide.

Next is the white blood cells, these cells are the largest cells in the

blood, they help clean the blood and fight bad diseases. Next is the

platelets, platelets are the smallest part of the blood and they help

the blood to clot when cut and is billions of them in the blood. Plasma is

the final part plasma is a watery substance which carries nutrients

around to cells. Plasma is why the blood is liquidy. It carries the body

control substances line hormones.

Kidneys

The kidneys are a part of the urinary system, but are important to the

circulatory system. The blood and dispose of the waste through urine.

You have two kidneys, but if you lose one you can still survive. The

location of the kidneys are just in your back. Just below the middle and

they are both shaped like a bean. In the kidneys there is 100,000,000

tiny filters called nephrons, inside the cortex connected to the kidneys

is a tube called the ureter, here waste trickles to the bladder.

Exercise

During exercise the system accelerates. When you exercise your heart

pumps faster and harder. The sympathetic nerve sends messages to the

heart to pump faster. When you exercise you struggle to breathe,

because your heart needs to pump blood around the body quicker. Body’s

cells need more oxygen and nutrients to survive. When you dispose more

waste.

Muscular System

The last system involved in exercise is the muscular system. The

muscular system helps our bodies to move.

There are different types of muscles. The first muscle is voluntary,

the voluntary muscle is also known as the skeletal muscle, these

muscles are very adaptable and they are used in many different

situations. They will move when they need to, they also move with

thought. These muscles are connected to bones, for example bi-ceps, tri-

ceps thigh muscles etc. Writing and running are situations that the

skeletal muscles are involved in.

The next muscle is the involuntary muscle, the involuntary muscles are

also known as smooth muscles because they are smooth. The smooth

muscles are moved by no conscious thought but they are controlled by

the auto nomic nervous system. These muscles are involved in processes

like heart, breathing, digesting, stomach and the intestines. They are

walls of hollow structures like the stomach, intestines and more.

The last type of muscle is the cardiac muscle, it is the heart. It is a

involuntary muscle but is smooth on the inside and is skeletal on the

outside.

Appearance

Each muscle type look different. The skeletal muscles are half of the

bodies weight. Because of the blood into the muscle fibrils they appear

red. They have different layers the layer right under out skin is the

superficial layer. The deeper layer is the second layer and some

muscles have 3 layers this 13 the medical layer. Most skeletal

muscles are long and slim, but some are different. The pectorals are

fan shaped muscles and some are broad and wide like the abdominal

muscles.

Smooth muscles surface appears smooth and it has a reddish colour in

appearance just like the skeletal muscles.

Parts

There are many different parts of muscles, skeletal muscle fibres are

bundled all up to make muscles. Each of these are slightly smaller than

a tiny hair. Each fibre is made of dozens of smaller parts called fibrils.

They are bound together by connective like tissue (epimysiam). These

fibres are divided into little groups by a sheath (Perimysium). Within

the groups each of these fibres are surrounded by endo museum,

connective tissue. Each fibre inside the skeletal muscles contain little

thin threads and groups have blood vessels surrounding them. Fatter

muscles have more fibres than weaker ones. Muscle fibres are striated

at the microscopic level.

The tendons attach the muscle to the bone. They are placed at the end

of each muscle, they are strengthened by strong thick fibres of

collagen. Muscles become thinner or tappers away when connecting to

the tendon, they are stronger then super glue.

The smooth muscles are not striated this is what makes them smooth.

They are made of groups of smaller muscle cells, this helps them to

move differently.

The smooth muscles don’t have tendons. It doesn’t help the movement of

your body. In your body there are hollow structures that need to move,

the gut and the intestines.

The cardiac muscle fibres have a special form of striated fibres. This

special striation are only found in the heart and also adjoining vessels. It

is arranged in a spiral pattern, helps to squeeze blood through.

There are no tendons in the cardiac muscle as it is constantly moving for

the rest of your life.

Movement

Each muscle type moves in different ways. Skeletal muscles move with

conscious thought this is because it is controlled by the brain, and if you

think about movement you will move. When you think an impulse travels

down the nerves and the muscle moves. The skeletal muscles are very

adaptable, they exert a small force for example lifting up a feather and

also exert great power example lifting an heavy object like weights.

The thing about the skeletal muscles is that they tire out easily and

they need a long period of rest after use. They use glucose as its fuel.

Skeletal muscles have reflexes and reactions, they can react to certain

things instantly.

Smooth muscles move without you thinking, they are controlled by the

auto nomic nervous system. They are involved in the regulation of your

bodies. Internal environment. They move in a gradual synchronised

manner. These smooth muscles are slower than the skeletal muscles.

The smooth muscles regulate the size of the lumens inside the blood.

They move in motion like a wave in some organs, for example the gut and

the intestines. These smooth muscles do not tire, they are always keep

steady they contract for a long period of time. The smooth muscles are

always working, for example in the eyes, controlling the size of the

pupil and lens. When you digest you use your smooth muscles in the

stomach. Your skin reacts to little hairs and skin feelings.

Finally the cardiac muscle, the cardiac muscle moves without thought.

Smooth muscles even though on the outside of the cardiac muscle it is

striated. This cardiac muscle never tires out, it works all the time. It

speeds up and slows down when it needs to. When it pumps blood it

contracts like a wave. The muscle has the ability to contract

spontaneously. It will beat for a short period of time when it is removed

from the body.

Exercise

When you exercise your bodies muscles move quicker. With skeletal

muscles you consciously think to move quickly. When you are using a lot

of energy, your muscles need more glucose. Muscles tire, if you get

tired, cramps will start to happen if you are over tired. If you exercise

and your muscles are hurting that means your muscle fibres are torn.

When they repair themselves they become stronger muscles, when they

have healed the muscles become thicker and stronger. When exercising

your heart beats faster because you need more oxygen to breathe in.

blood vessels transport more blood and you breathe quicker. Other

systems accelerate by using energy and oxygen.