how movement happens: muscles pull on tendons to move bones at connections called joints or...
TRANSCRIPT
JOINTS
HOW MOVEMENT HAPPENS: Muscles Pull on Tendons to Move Bones at Connections
called Joints or Articulations
Frolich, Human Anatomy, Mechanics of Movement
Frolich, Human Anatomy, Mechanics of Movement
Connections
Tendon Ligaments
• Ligaments connect bone-to-bone or reinforce joints
• Some ligaments limit the mobility of articulations, or prevent certain movements altogether
Generally regular connective tissue
Musculo-skeletal connections Muscle to bone Muscle to muscle Bone to bone
Can have various shapes
Tendons
Frolich, Human Anatomy, Mechanics of Movement
Ligaments
Joints or Articulations
Connections between bones Usually, but not always allow for
movement Formed from various connective
tissues Fibrous Cartilaginous Synovial (most complex--typical limb
joints)Frolich, Human Anatomy, Mechanics of Movement
Fibrous joints
SutureBones tightly bound by minimal fiber
Only found in skull
Fig. 9.1 a, M&M
Fibrous joints
SyndemosesBones connected by ligaments
E.g. tibiofibular ligament
Fig. 8.4, M&M
Fibrous joints
GomphosesPeg in socket joint
Only found in teeth/alveoli
Cartilaginous Joints
Symphyses Synchondrosis Hyaline cartilage
unites bones Epiphyseal growth
plates Costal cartilage-
sternum
Fibrocartilage unites bones
Pubic symphysis Intervertebral disc
Synovial Joints
Most common joints in body Most mobile joints Have
Articular surfaces on bone with hyaline cartilage
Completely enclosed joint capsule formed from ligaments
Synovial fluid within capsule lubricates joint
Some have meniscus or articular disc(e.g. knee, jaw joint)
Frolich, Human Anatomy, Mechanics of Movement
Frolich, Human Anatomy, Mechanics of Movement
Also see Fig. 9.3, M&M
Synovial Joint Shape Types
Plane joints--intercarpal joints
Hinge joints--elbow,ankle, interj-phalangeal
Pivot joints--radio-ulnar joint
The type of joint, in part, determines the range and direction of movementFrolich, Human Anatomy, Mechanics of Movement
Synovial Joint Shape Types Condyloid joints (egg into oval)--
metacarpo-phalangeal Saddle joints--carpo-metacarpal
joint of thumb Ball-and-socket--hip, shoulder
Frolich, Human Anatomy, Mechanics of Movement
Frolich, Human Anatomy, Mechanics of Movement
X-ray of hand affected by arthritis
Frolich, Human Anatomy, Mechanics of Movement
Artificial Hip Joint