how it applies copyright and to graduate students · moral rights economic rights right to the...
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Copyright and How it Applies
to Graduate StudentsAmanda Wakaruk, MLIS, MES
Copyright Librarian, Copyright Office
FGSR Professional Development WeekMay 12, 2016
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What is copyright?Why should you care?
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What is copyright law?● statutory rights: creators, users● courts: case law interpretation
Why should you care?● as a user, you want to avoid infringement
scenarios:○ campus copying implications (as a student
and as an instructor)○ thesis preparation (third party content
permissions)● as a creator, you should understand implications
for publishing and dissemination
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Why should you care?
● Your thesis.● Your career.● Your classroom.
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Copyright is a set of limited rights established by law.
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Copyright is immediate, time limited, and protects the expression of an idea.
For details, see Copyright Act, (R.S.C., 1985, c. C-42) http://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/acts/c-42/
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http://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/acts/C-42/ http://scc-csc.lexum.com/scc-csc/scc-csc/en/item/2125/index.do?r=AAAAAQATQ2FuYWRhIEV2aWRlbmNlIEFjdAE
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Moral Rights Economic Rights● right to the integrity of the work● right to assign work their own name,
pseudonym, or anonymously● can be waived not sold / transferred● case: Snow v. Eaton
● right to produce, reproduce, publish, perform, display, translate, adapt
● transferrable and can be sold (e.g., author agreements with publishers)
● case showing balance :
Flight Stop by Michael Snow http://casebrief.wikia.com/wiki/CCH_Canadian_Ltd._v_Law_Society_of_Upper_Canada
Simon Law, CC SA https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Flight_stop.jpg
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https://policiesonline.ualberta.ca/PoliciesProcedures/Policies/Use-of-Copyright-Materials-Policy.pdf
http://www.copyright.ualberta.ca/UofA_FairDealing.pdf
Updates Coming
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Infringements happen.If you violate the rights of a copyright holder then they are entitled to remedies for the violation. Civil remedies include injunctions (e.g., removing the content) and damages (monetary compensation). Statutory damages for non-commercial infringement are between $100 and $5,000. Criminal sanctions may be applied in more serious cases.
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Your thesis.
● Incorporating existing publications?
● Using others’ work?
● Preemptive publishing strategies.
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Your thesis… your
responsibility.
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https://docs.google.com/a/ualberta.ca/document/d/1-qLOjk_SgqdWJYTPwtX23I7mMrAaU6rZ--SCpTs0yH0/edit?usp=sharing
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Determine who holds the copyright to the content in your thesis.
http://www.ieee.org/documents/ieeecopyrightform.pdf
Have you already published a thesis chapter as an article?
Who holds the copyright?
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If it’s not you, identify acceptable uses of the content.
Read the fine print. Are these uses adequate?
When in doubt, ask.
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http://www.ieee.org/publications_standards/publications/rights/permissions_faq.pdf
Publishers *often* allow for work to be used in a thesis.
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https://www.elsevier.com/about/company-information/policies/copyright/permissions
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If uses aren’t clearly stated, seek permission.
Contributor agreement for a book chapter.
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http://www.copyright.ualberta.ca/
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Plan ahead!
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Preemptive Publishing Strategies
“Publishers don’t need to own your copyright to make money off your work.” - Sam Trosow, UofA SLIS Copyright Course,
October 2014.
1. Anticipate current and future needs.
2. Understand terms of the agreement / publisher policies before you sign.
3. Negotiate / work with publishers.
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Your career.
● Producing, protecting, and sharing your intellectual property.
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Want to publish a chapter from your thesis?
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Want to publish grant-funded research results? Tri-Agency Open Access Policy on Publications
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Negotiate (if needed)
Use an addendum prepared by a reputable source.
Scholarly Publishing and Academic Resources Coalition (SPARC) Author Addendum http://sparcopen.org/our-work/author-rights/ is endosed by the Canadian Association of Research Libraries and the Tri-Agencies.
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Creative Commons Licensing: https://creativecommons.org/
Copyright licences that provide a standardized way to give permission to share and use works. Creative Commons licences are not an alternative to copyright; they enable the creator to modify copyright terms to best suit their needs.
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doaj.org
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Creative Commons Licensing: https://creativecommons.org/
Authors must retain (at least some of) their rights to apply a CC license and/or make their works available in an open access environment.
Note that publisher copyright and archiving policies are documented in tools like SHERPA/RoMEO: http://www.sherpa.ac.uk/romeo/
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http://www.sherpa.ac.uk/romeo/search.php
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Institutional Repository (ERA)
https://era.library.ualberta.ca/
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Institutional Repository ?
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http://osc.universityofcalifornia.edu/2015/12/a-social-networking-site-is-not-an-open-access-repository/
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Your classroom.
● What can you reproduce, perform, or display in the classroom?
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Instructors should: ● *link* to resources instead of providing copies to
students (when pedagogically sound)● *distribute* copies under an exception or from a
resource licensed for e/classroom use ● use Copyright Office course review and
permissions service for *course packages* or when you are unsure about terms of use
● *present / display* content for educational purposes
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Link to ResourcesLicensed Library Resources http://guides.library.ualberta.ca/linking-to-library-online-resources
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Library Reading List ServiceLibrary staff will create a reading list or place material on reserve http://www.library.ualberta.ca/readinglist/index.cfm
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CC0 https://pixabay.com/en/conditions-period-624911/
“...the University has acquired licences allowing users access to specific works for limited uses pursuant to negotiated contract terms.” - UA policy
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Distribute Licensed ArticlesMany eResources licensed through the U of A Libraries allow for classroom use. Check first: https://www.library.ualberta.ca/
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Distribute Licensed eBook chapters
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Distribute Print ResourcesFair Dealing Exception:
● Fair Dealing Guidelines (created by UofA)
● Fair Dealing Assessment (your judgment with input from Copyright Office)
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http://www.copyright.ualberta.ca/UofA_FairDealing.pdf
Updates Coming
Distribute resources under the fair dealing exception as interpreted by the University of Alberta
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Distribute resources under the fair dealing exception as interpreted by the Supreme Court of CanadaTwo-step test (NOT A CHECKLIST):
1) Does use fall within accepted list of purposes? (as stated in Section 29 of the Copyright Act, e.g., research, private study, education, criticism, review…) http://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/acts/C-42/
2) Was the dealing fair? (paragraphs 54-60 of CCH Canadian Ltd. v. Law Society of Upper Canada, [2004] 1 SCR 339, 2004 SCC 13 (CanLII), http://canlii.ca/t/1glp0)
○ purpose (could be interpreted as ‘intention’ instead of ‘category’ as in step 1)○ character ○ amount○ alternatives○ nature ○ effect of the dealing on the copyrighted work
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Other (not UofA) Fair Dealing Assessment Toolshttp://library.athabascau.ca/services/video/fair-use/FairUse_Main.html
http://library.queensu.ca/fairdealing/index.php
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Presentation of Course Materials● Check the terms of use for
conditions, restrictions, or limitations when using resources accessible via licence or subscription.
● Cannot display material that is commercially available in a format suitable for this use.
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Confused?Need permission?
Using a course package?
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Copyright Review Request Form (required for course packages, email as attachment to Copyright Office)http://www.copyright.ualberta.ca/ [email protected]
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Find content you can use without having to seek
permission.
terms of use
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limiting google.ca image searches by terms of use
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limiting google.ca image searches by terms of use
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ResourcesCopyright Act http://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/acts/c-42/
Copyright Office Website. http://www.copyright.ualberta.ca/
● Thesis Preparation Handout / FAQ, available on Copyright Office website and https://docs.google.com/a/ualberta.ca/document/d/1-qLOjk_SgqdWJYTPwtX23I7mMrAaU6rZ--SCpTs0yH0/edit?usp=sharing
● Sample Permission Letter (thesis), available on Copyright Office website at http://copyright.ualberta.ca/thesis-permission-revMay2016.docx
Murray, Laura Jane, Samuel E. Trosow, and Jane Burkowski. Canadian Copyright : A Citizen's Guide. Toronto : Between the Lines, 2013.
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Amanda Wakaruk, MLIS, MESCopyright Librarian
Copyright Office, University of Alberta
[email protected]@awakaruk (personal)