how fare is english print media in pakistan.pdf

7/27/2019 How fare is English Print Media in Pakistan.pdf

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/how-fare-is-english-print-media-in-pakistanpdf 1/37

E=G< = AMG=G CGIVG GH=J

%958 AIH<: I= B= A<

+9G957<9G: = EH<G <, I= =, <M A<

E8=H98 6M: D. D< D. A>=

< IH< KG H< GIH F==<-I-H=HI O = F=<=H J=-

= == GG=GH H IH H<=G G<. = H<G G I H . N<A= K< GH H< G< K H<=G ==H=H=J. < =H= GH < KI

H <J GG= K=H<IH =IHG J=IG GH=G =J= G=HM. DG=H H< G-

G=GH =J, H< IH< GM GGIG H< GG===HM M =GG=.

"8=J=8I5@@58

0<99 H<9 =8=J=8I5@ 7IHG

IG 12-B, HH 26,

F-8/1, G - =GH

: +92-51 2 25 34 37, 2 25 34 38

E-=: =@==J=I.

: KKK.==J=I.

GIH98 6M

F=98=7<-'5I5-,H=HI; O 8=9 F9=<9=H

. BL 1733,

G - =GH

: +92-51-2 27 88 96, 2 82 08 96

FL: +92-51-2 27 99 15

E-=: =GH@GH.

: KKK.GIH<G=.GH.

B: 978-969-9582-01-1

=H =G: 2000

G, H 2011

,EC"(' : A 5

HIH= 5

CGIG = %=HM 6

#IGH=M= AMG=G 6

< = F 8

I A< 8

D== HG 8

CH=N= H< CHH 10

=H= H< J= 10

=H= =JM 11

AHH=IH= 13

% GG==G 14

GG= H= 14

A= KG HM 16

%= = KG HM 16

3

AB%E F CE

,EC"(' : B 17

<H =G =H=? 17

K = K MG? 17

AIH H< E=H= AMG=G C<H (EAC) 17

%= 18

A= 18

B 18

AH=-JH 19

DK E=H= AMG=G 19

< KG E=H= AMG=G 20

< H= E=H= AMG=G 22

D=M =G E=H= AMG=G 25

,EC"(' : C 26

==G 26

CIG AH= 26

CI=GHG 27

AMG=G 32

= H< C=H=N 33


4

1 M= D@. > J@=>: "=>> @=>> =>=. J@=>:=, 2005, '@ 6, 442.

2 A@ J@=> $;=: # ;>. A =: ;://@=>.>/>/. A>>:29 J@, 2011.

3 %> %=. = > @=>, >= >. "=-@=> : > = > =>. A= ;://;=@=>.=/2011/06/17/@=>+=>-2/. A>>: 29 J@, 2011.

4 "; G=. $; > ==>;>, 1963. A =;://./2011/05/06/->--=>--=@-=-->=/, A>> 06 J@2011.

5 #= F. %=. % @=>: A =. M 29, 1996. A =;://;@.>@.@//.., A>> 29 J@ 29 2011.

6 #= F. %=. % @=>: A =. M 29, 1996. A =;://;@.>@.@//.., A>> 29 J@ 29 2011.

#I=G = G H< H< GG= =H=HM >I=GHG.1

H= G=H=G >I=G I=G<G, IG GHM K H<=

=<HG GI =H=, =M = IH JHG, HG, =GGIG

. < = >I=G =G JGH . G, >I=G

H=N =H2 H< M H=, =H= K=H< G= <H>I=G.

< =H HMG >I=GHG, = I H< HI H<= K,

H< G<G H=J=HM H<M J; H=H= UKGV =H = HG,

<H->I=GHG, GHG, GHG, K->I=GHG, HK H< H<M

J =G = =H= G= = JHG H =,

GHG, H, G= H<M, M, =M, H=M M.3

KG-=H >I=G, H G= G H< U=GH I< H <=GHMV, =J H<H

=H =G H< =GH H J =HH JHG = H< = =G =H= G H<M I4 =G

H< GH G >I=G.

=H< H< H= = K<=< G KG IH GI< <=G

= H=, M =H=NG, H< =H H H< GG=, -

>H=J >I=GH <G H H=J=HM =G H< >I=G. <= -

H= H< =H >H=J=HM = >I=G, =< F. = 5 <G I

H<H: SH< H-GHH <=<M G= >I=G =G >H=J=HM, H< HI= H<= =GG=H= KG =H=. I< >-

H=J=HM K H =J H =G=G IH H< K JHG I= = =H

K=H<IH H< >I=GH'G GI>H=J J=KG =I= H< H >H= =-

H=.T6

< IH=G GG===H=G >I=GH M J=H = H< G=HM. < =-

M >I=GH =G H J= =H=, K<=< =G I=G IH H

H< G H= =GH=HG H<I<H GG = H< I=, G G K H<= K

IG=G. #I=GH= H<=G IH HM ==HG, G H<M <

K< H<M <. H< =G >I=G =G G H H = =H-

=NG<= M GIH= I= H==H= = H= =GIG H< GH =-HH IHM =G H H= M GHM= I=G. G== MG=G I =

EC : A HIH=

5

7 G@ B. A. : &=@ >> = >@=> ;=>;. I@, ">, =,

2010, . 5.8 .9 > =?@ . A @ '>. A =

;://>>>.@>../@=-;>;/@--.>;, A>> 30 J@ 2011.

= =GH, =H <G GHGG H<H SCGIG KG <J K GHH H =N

H<H = HH =G M =J M H G = GGI; H<I<

=HJH= GHH =G ==HH IG.T7 H=, = =HM =

=GH =G ==H= H = H< GI = == H<=

= KG.

<=G =G H M =J=I (%) =GH H MG H< E=G< I =H

= = =GH. < E=G< = MG=G <G H IH L-

HVG =H J=K IH GIVG GH=J, G H<H H< I H<H

GJ M G GIG H< = <=<=<H. A I =

MG=G8 <G M IH H<H =H==G I = I I

=H = =GH.

CGI9G 58 &98=5 %=H957M

< H= <= H< MG=G E=G< I =H =, H=IM

GI (, J=K, =GH)VG GH=J =G H =H IH H<G GH=HG

=GGIG H<H H< KG HH =G ==H. , H<=G MG=G IGG

H= = =HM H M = GIG, IH G = K= K=H<

= = =H =H=G. < K= ==H= = =HM KG J

M H< H <= I= 1989 GMG=I = IHG G-

G M H< C= AGG=H= = %=HM:9

"< H< = =HM I=II IGH H J =HH G K< =G H , MN, JIH I I=H=G = J=HM = (=H,

, IHG, H< HG, H.)."

= =HM H<IG HG =H= H<== MH= G= = GIG.

<=G H=I GHIM IHG HH MG=G E=G< I =H =,

G==M DK, < KG, < H= D=M =G. A=H=M, = H I-

GH H< ==H= H=H < KG, H< =H= HH ==

=H= (-) GH=G H<G KGG <J G MG.

#IGH=M=; A5@MG=G

KGG H< =I H<I< K<=< =H=, M IH JHG, IH G

IH =G, =G G< K=H< =H= H=G H<= IGHG. KJ,

GI< =GG=H= =G H H< GJ G= KG, J G= I=G<-

= <IG; = =GH, M KGG K=H< JM= ==G J=K=HG, -


6

10 M@ C>. C ;= @=>>: @=>> =. A=--J, 09 F=@=2008. A = ;://.;.=//2008/>-@.;;, A>> 30 J@ 2011.

11 ">. A = .;=>>==., A>> 14 F=@= 2010.

H H< VG HHH=. H =G J=H H IGH, H<, H<H GI< H=H= -

HK KGG =G =H H< K<=< L=GHG HK <G. H=

=, H< G < H= JH H< =GH H= HG H< . K-

J, =H = =G =H = KM H<H =H GVH <J H =GH H=, IGI-

M <G H= H< = M =G =H. HG, =HG, GI=HG

H< G = IG JH JHG =H KG GH H< H H< I-

=. < =I=G H<H <J =H== GH < H GIH

=GHG M HG M, IH G M H<G K< <J = <= H<

GG, H<IG J=H=H= =HG >H=J=HM.

F =GH, =GG= <J= =H <J G=IG GIG. .

C<=GH= I><=, >I=GH G = BI<=GH, =J GJ H<= H<HG

H H= H< == BI< B< =. <=G ==H H = -

J 2007. < GHM KG =H I=G< = GI< H<H =H G G

H<I< . I><= KG K=H= =GH H< BI< %=H= AM (B%A). . I><=< <=G = H<H <=G GHM KG H =H HM. KJ, <=G HGHG K

H < H G GI, < KG =. %H, GG H<

=GIH I = GG===HM H< I10. < ==H M HG

<K =GH M KG =H <J G=IG GIG.

H =G H<IG =H=J H< =H H =H KG GH=G = GI< KM H<H H< H

=G =J L=I HH= HIH< =G GH =G. M KG =NH=G

I IH <= H< JH IH<=H=G =GH=HIH=G IH H

H< I=, IH H<M G <J IHM H GI H<H H<= HG =J I GIH

G H<M IH H<= K.

AG H= J, H<=G GHIM, I = E=G< =M KGG <J

GH H< G=G H<= =IH= = =GH. <G < H=, < KG,

DK D=M =G. %K =HM HG, I =H H= H< <=< =

KGG G= =M HG H=IH= H H< K =IH= HG

E=G< I KGG. < KG =G HM H< H =M KG K=H<

H=K= =IH= 120,000 K M DK (109,000).11 <G KGG

<J =H =M G=G J = 120 MG M H I

G<G.

E=H=G H=IM =HH K< =H G H MN= H< H IH IH

M KG, IG H<M H H< ==G K<=< KG I I-

H=G. H =G G =H=J H GHH H<H I >H H < H< KG

=G IIG G=G H =M H< =H= =M H< . KJ, K

K H H<H GI< ==G H KMG L=GH = K=H=. KJ, H< KG-

G H<H <J H=I < HKG H< GHH= KG. <=G H =G

=H== = H< =H= = <I HKHM MG. < MG=G K=

GIH K=H< G G<H J=G.

7

EC : A HIH=

8


H M G= H<H GHM H< = >MG H J=IG

G. F =GH, = H< = = H< IG H H=G = KG H<H K

. < HH H<H KG H H I=G< KG J J M H<

==HM H< H< KG >IGH H =H G G= >I=GH= =-

.

<9 =9 F59

< =H= = H<=G MG=G =G FIM H M 2011. H =G G =HH

H H= < H<H H< G=G JHG H= I= H<=G H= = G -

=HG H< GH LG/KG GH=G H< MG=G.

%H J I>, . G, K< H = J= = -

=GH, KG = #IM 4, 2011. <=G H=I ==H = = H< ==<H H=. < == <<N B<HH=, H< F ==GH ==H=G, IH<

H=IH H =H= =GH==HM G GIH KG J=KG H JJ= I

H<=G ==H H=. A K KG H H<=G I, KG HG-

=GG= I K=H< AA , H< <G = H H< # I.

<=G ==H G = = H< =GH = H=. <G JHG

=H H< MG=G =.

(I A57<

EJM KG H <G L= =I=G = H< HG H< IG

GIG M H< H. H =G H= H H H= H< GI KG

H =H MIG, K<=< <G =H IH = I LG.

=, GI-<= HH H=I KG H K =H

H =H=M= H< =IM HG, =G H==HM, I=GG, K J I

HG. =H= H H<=G, =H=G == H=G K G =H I=

H<=G =.

D9==; ,H5858G

<= MN= H< HH, =H =G =H=J H GH GH <.

= J=K =HH= =N GHG H<=G >I=G G H.12

M =J GG=, GH G H<=G K. #I=G =G G -

GG= K< H= G H<=G <J == G G H =H= H< =-

H=HM H< GG=.

12 "=>> = == 2011: ">. #;==> @ ==> = ;=>> =. A =;://.=>.=/=;=-;>,74., A>> 05 J@ 2011.

9

EC : A HIH=

=GH, GG C CIH KG H M H< AGGM H< C-

=HH H< GG = 1972. ==M H<=G KG = H M H< CI=

=GH KGGV E=HG (CE) = 1993. H, 2002 H< ==HM J-

H =GGI K G H H< SGG CI= =GH =T, H-

= GIGM =H M (< M JH =H), H GJ

=HG IH GG.13

=J=I =GH <G K H< JM H< H F, -

H GG= = (F). A H< H=J=H=G IH = H<=G H=

K=H< H< G=H= H< ==G IM= H<=G H <J G= =

H= = I=H= H=H S F.T < G= = H<=G I=-

H= =G H =HH H< HG J=IG >I=GHG = GG K=

H< H= GG= >I=G. < G ==G <J GH-

=N H< G IGH= <J IG = I I=H= UI

= AMG=G CGIVG GH=JV G K.

<G ==G :

P >H=J=HM

P F=GG

P I= IH==HM

P IH<IGG

P AIM

BG=G H< J H= ==G, =J=I (%) <G JIH KG GH=G,=H= G=G ==-=H= H=G H< == U==HH= <V.

<=G H =JJG H< K=H<<= H= H=G HG K<=< =<H <

G'G IHH=. < MG=G <G H< GIVG =H J=K.

EJM GG= H <G H = I=G K<= MN= H< HH

KG HG. <J H= H = = H< HG KGKH<=GG 14

M =J GHM K<=< :

P ==GG

P L==HM

P H

P CIM

P =HM

P =

P CHJGM

13 G@ B. A. #@ M. Handbook on and for FIRM. I@ ">: $@;;=

F== @ $@ (FF), = 2010. 59-65.14 L.M. * D. $@;. . D >: &=> >=>> = @=> ;=>;.";= ;=> @ = Association for Edcation in Jornalism and Mass Commnication,$ A. 2005.

10


C5H9;=N=; H<9 CH9H

KGG H<G MG M H =H= GG== I M =-

JG <G. G H H MG H<=G =H= = <G= <IG,

K <J =J= H< HH I=G< = I GH=G. < H G

= J H< KG H<H GI G=G ==H=M. <M IGH H= H<

GH =HH KG. < H=H H< GH =HH KG =G =H = HHG. H

=G . <=G =G G= H<I< =HH <=G M H< .

< G <G H< HGH KG HG IHG. < KG H

H< KG <G =H =I=G =H== H<

IG H<=G G<. H =G =HH H H H<H H H=G ==H GH=G

G =H H<G G K<=< =G H< .

H= HK H< I=H= =GIGGG H< =H=G H< KGG. <G <J

=H =M G=G <I HKHM MG. KG =H=G

H H< ==G H<G K< I=G< H<. <M IGIM K=HH M H< G=

=H= GH I=G<G KG. E=H=G H <J H H<

H< = H H< KGVG H<==. E=H=G KG H =HG

== GH, H=IM K<= IG= H= =GGIG GI< G H=G

=HH= GG=GH =. AH =H= K HH= I <I

=<HM =H=G H< I =H KG G.

H< LH GH=, == =H= (-) H=G <J MN. - =G

KG H= H<H GHHG H< ==G H< K=H. <=G K=H =G H IGIM

H< =H= =G H<IG =H =H=. < - =G K=HH M K=HG K< JM = GG= H<==. KJ, H=IIG H=H=

G <G =H== = H< I =H KGG H<H J H=I

H K=H H< G =G G H< =H=G. < - H= H=H=M KG H

H GG= K=HG H<= ==G J = H<M = H = K=H< H< KG-

VG <=G<M. KJ, H< - H=G =H H< I KGG <

H< KGVG <=G<M.

H <G GJ I ==H GIVG GH=J H<H - H=

K<=< =G JM GJH=J = =HG I HG ==IG GH=HG K= <J

< H= = H M H< =H D=M =G DK. <=G =G H< G K=H<H< KGG G K. A JM = -A= K=H I, <KJ, K= <J

JM < H= = =H = < H=. K= =GIGG H< LG H<=G H =

H< I=H=.

5@=85H= H<9 9J=8979

AG G= = H< <, H< HH I KGG KG MG

=I=G =H==. A=H=M, HG K H <

JM KG GHM. L=I HG K H H GI< HG = G=

= I, G H<H =<H IGH H< IM= ==G K=H<

G. H =G G =HH H H= < = H<H H<=G MG=G =G H=

<K =JG IGHG KG. CIHH=G < JM KG

GHM H< HH HH< = ALI A, G GIH= J= H<

MG=G. A F, H GG= = (F) <G G ==H=-

H H< == KG=H =J=I =GH, K<=< =G = IG H GH

-F (H = K=H< H< H F) LG H< GH E=G< KG-

G, G H<H =H=NG G IGH H< H= <= H<=G MG=G.15 <=G

=HH=J J=G HI=HM H = =GIGG= =

< JM L GH H< , =M G=G. <

H< =GIGG= J=G IGI H= H< G< H =G H

= H< MG=G.

A J= H<H <G LHH = H< =H= = (FIM R M 2011)

KG GI K= HH =H==H=, IHH=, GH= ==, HH =-H= H H=, H K<=< H< = H, KG =.

AH =H= H< H G H< I =M E=G< KGG I

H<G, J=IG =I=G K =H==. <G =I=G K H GH

I G=L H=G H< G IGH=. <G G=L H=G, K<=<

< M M = H< SI = AMG=G GIVG G-

H=JT H, K:

P =H= =JM

P AHH=IH=P GG= HH=HI

P GG= H=

P A=

P %=.

=@5H= =J57M

AH= 14 H< CGH=HIH= =GH GHHG S< ==HM , GI>H H

K, H< =JM <, G< =J=.T ==M, AH= 15 GHHG H<H SJM

G G< <J H< =<H H = =, , GI>H H M G GH=H= =-

G M K = H< I= =HGH, H J M H<I<IH =GH H

G= GHH = H H<.T

<G HK AH=G I H< HM FIH =<HG, G=

= C<H 1 H< CGH=HIH= =GH. <G HK AH=G M = H< I-

=G =JH G =JG =H=NG H< GHH. < <G GG

11

EC : A HIH=

15 &#L > ;://@./=-/

H J KMG H = LGG= M H< = =JM

=H=N. <=G =G GGH= = H= G=HM. =JM <G ==J=IG =-

H= H<= IHM ==J=I=HM.16

KJ, I= I MG=G K <J L= H<H KGG J=H H< =JM

==J=IG. =H= =JM =G H M G=IG GH H H< ==J=I IH

=<H G H=IH HKG H<= H=. < =H =G =H=J KG-

G H H<=G GH=HIH= =<H = = K<= H=.

< <J M KG HG = K<=< =JM =H=NG <J J=H.

%H IG K =GIGG HK LG H GIGHH=H H<=G =.

A H I=G< = < KG I= H< H< < 2011 H=H UKN =G H

AE, %, M I=<.V 17 < H GHH H<H H< S=GH IG= %I-

KN (%-) KN <= =J = K=HN =HH IH GMI J=G=HT. KJ, %- GG = %< G= < < M H %

K=H< <=G K= < = <I. < H =G J=H= =JM G=

=H= . < H=G G J=G=H G<I H =H = KG GHM. H

=G G =HH H GJ H<H H< K UMV =G IG = H< <=. < H

<=G =G H GI H< IH<H==HM H< KG.

%H IG K =GIGG H< L = K<=< =JM =H=N KG M J=H

M KG. < H KG LHH The News I= H< H< FIM

2011.18 < H H IH H== GI, D. J ==, K<

KG G H=J=GH =GH VG HM () = H< =H HHG (A), K=H< F<N G<=, H= AGGM (A) G G =

G=H. A= H H< KG H H< HK G=H=G J -

H =H = G = H H< GG===HM H<H = =<H <J

GHM = =.

<=G H =G HH H< G = H< H< HH. = =G

H< G <= JM ==J=I. =J= H< G H< IG -

= GG H< ==J=I = H< =H JG= H< KG GHM =G <=

H< =JM H< G I =GIGG=. < HH IG IGH J

I=. J, H< H KG GM G GHG <GM; H

KG I H GIGHH=H H< =. I< KG M H, IH =

GG= K< H< GG =G JM H<H GI< H =G MH H

=.


12

16 "= =@>: =;= >>> 2002-03. H@> C>: C@@=, M $;=>

. '@ 1. 16 J@ 16 2003. 3.17 > &AE, L *@=. % >. 08 M= 2011. #;= = M@= A$, 08 J@ 2011.

18 The Ne!s, 04 F=@= 2011.

13

EC : A HIH=

' AHH=6IH=

KG GHM =G IH K<H =G <= I =H=NG. H M =JJ IH

JHG, K ==H=H=JG = >HG =GGIG. H =G =HH H<H KG GHM

G<I H =G HKG G=HM IGH KMG H HG. H<

IH=G H< KG H J=GG = H H< GI K< H< KG =G

= GG. C=H=NG <J H< =<H H K H< GI, G H<H H<M GI IH

H< IH<H==HM H<H KG. UCGG==V U<=V GIG =H H< KG

= H< IG = KG H=. KJ, =H <G H< H =GIGG

I= GI>HG H< G=G UI GIGV. <=G =G =G= H<

G =H =G =H=J H GH H< GI. <=G HH=IH= <G

H= = H< =H KGG LG <J =H== -

GH = H<=G GH=. H =G J=IG H<H H G=M IH = IHH=IH

==. <=G =G G GM KM H I=G< ==H =G G KG GH=G.

#I=GHG K< IH==N IH= GIG H<= GH=G H H G<K GG==-

=HM. <=G GHG H< J=K=H H< ==J=I H H< K<=< IH<-

H=HG =H.

%H IG K =GIGG L GI>H = H< =H= = M DJ=G,

=H=N K< KG =JJ = H< == HK =GH=G. <=G ==H KG

GG=H=J HI =GG= H= IG GH= = -.. H=G.

A K GHM H=H S$= H<= =GH= M <J =GHT KG I=G< =

< KG FIM 3, 2011.19

< H =GIGG H< ==H = K<=< -H= KG =JJ IG=H=G K =I M =GH= =H=NG. < KM H<=G =-

=H KG =H = H< KG KG = KG I H IH =H=NG. AH

H<H H=, H< HG < H MH G IH H< GHM K =HG K IG=G

==G = H< KG GHM. H J G= GI KG H= H G-

GI H< G H< IH<H==HM H< KG.

H =G H H H<H = GI< GG =H =G < H GH=G< H< = HK

== = KG GHM. H =G I=H =M H<H H< H =<H <J GH

G == = H< H HH=IH =H H H< JH. H =G H< =<H H<

H H GH K = GI G H<H H< KG IH<H=H.

%H IG K =GIGG H< L K=H< G== =IM. H<=G L H< KG

H = = H =GH GI KG H 20 I=G< = DK. <

H =GIGG G=H AG= A= = K< G AI *= ==, G H<

= ==GH, H G= H< <=G<= H< I= AIHG C=HH

H AGGM.

< KG H = H H= H< GHHIG H< GI. H >IGH GHH H<H

H<=G KG < =J G SGI.T GI H< KG

GHH H GH <=H H, H< = H< IH<H==HM H< KG.

19 K= = "> ">. The Ne!s, 03F=@= 2011, .1.20 *== >> G> > <@ "A ;>. Da!n. 03 F=@= 2011, 1.

%57 9GG=5@=G

EHG H GG==N >I=G M = H< HKH=H< HIM G GG

H H< <M ==NH= KGG H< UMH<= GV < H KG

H<H = H< H =HH< HIM. <=G KG G =G= GHH

GG H<I< GGH==G, HK=GH= H< HIH<, IH=<H =G. < =HIG >I-

=GH= GG==G ==H I=G<G K< K=G< H IH H< H

=H = GIH >I=GHG K< GK =H G G =J= H<= K=

=H=G G= GH=. 21

K= K =GIGG L K< GG==G =H== = H<

KG. <=G = GG==G H IGIGHH=H H=, IG H<

HG G M < H H< G=G >I=G. I< =IM <G H< -

HH= H =G H< GIH = I== =GH=G IH H=-

I JH G=HM.

A H H=H S$= =H IHT22 I=G< = < H= FIM

8, 2011 =G L =H=H= HK GG= =GG=

H=. H H IH =H=N K< KG H M == =M -

. < H G H= H< H< >I K< J H< J=H.

< H <G IG H< K U=V = H< <=G. < IH < H =J =HG J-

=H H H< H= == H< H. KG GIGH H< = < =<H H

<= = H< H= H=.

A H H=H S GIH =JG DJ=G IT23 KG =H = < H= F-

IM 13, 2011. < KG GHM H= <K M DJ=G, K< = HK -

=GH=G, IH GH= H G L =GH M = H< $H %<H #=. < H

H= H<= H<H KI >IGH=M H< = H< KG.

H M IG H< =M IH= H< IG H< = =H K=H< G

M H< =HG. < H =G ==H I H=- GH=HG. <=G

=G J=H M <GG GI< G U$K= <=G GHG <J H<K I K=<H <= <=V

U>M= H< H =HH= G=H. G G=H=G M H<

GIG <J H=.

"9GG=6@9 9H=;

H =G J=H H<H H G > @=> ;=>>>. M @>>> . A =;://@>>>., >> 28 F=@= 2011.22 K= F= @. The Nation, 08 F=@= 2011., 8.23 &$ C>@ => D> @. The Nation, 13 F=@= 2011, 1.

%H IG K =GIGG KG GHM = =GG= H=. SI< =G

GHM= I= GT.24 <=G KG H KG I=G< < 28, 2011 = <

H=.

H H H<H H< = , I< HM >H H=G H<= H<= G<G = A<=GH. I< = H<H H< = K

H =JJ = GI< H=J=H=G H<H KI <IH H< K <= =GH.

< KG =H H< GHM H< H , =J= L=I J H =-

=HH IH=H. < HJ=G= < K<=< J H<=G KG <G H . <

KG GHM = H H HG. H = GG G H< =.

AH< L =GG= H= =G <H H<H < 26, 2011

= < H=.

AG H< H= G, H< M =G = < M #H I-DK. <=G =G -

=NH=. < KG =G H= IH=H M =J= H< G K=H<

GG<HG. I< <H<G =M= IH=HG G H=IH HKG

GH==N= H< IHM IH<. <=G H=N G =GG= H=

K<=< H=IHG H H< H= LH=GH .

15

EC : A HIH=

24 M@ != > >= ;@ ;>. The Nation. 28 M= 2 2011, 1.

%A!(+E: AH=J=GHG #HI DK < GG =GH H< GH H F=G C<K.-H <H

16


A;@=; '9KG ,HM

A= H=G =H=M= H= IH H< JH = J= =

J G== == H=H. < H = = KG GH=G HG H<

IG H=. %H IG =GIGG L K<=< K= L= = =G H

I H< = < H=. <=G KG GHM, H=H S-IHT 25 KG I=G<

I= H< H< <, 2011.

<=G KG GHM =G <=<M ==H =G H ==H= GH=HG H<

H< H . < IG KG U-IHV U$= V = <=G =HG

=G H= M H< H, K<=< =G = HKG LH=GH =M.

%H IG =GIGG H< GHM, SCA = KG T26 < KG. H KG I=G<

I= H< H< <, 2011, H< = H< KG. <=G KG GHM

<=<=<HG H< G M DJ=G H< HJGM GII= H< ==H H<HH = %<. < H G G=G <K HK J=H=G H M

G200 == I H< *=GG D=MH K H< =. < G= G

H H< IH J=H = H< G UGHV; M H<=G KI IH< = H< H=

A= H= GH=G<H GH=H M JH GH H< =H=NM.

%569@=; = 5 '9KG ,HM

%= =G = H=H G G JH I H G H=. F =-

GH, H< <G M H<H <G H H = H< KG GHM. < M =G U<=GH=V = H< H. <=G =G H=N G =.

%H IG K =GIGG KG GHM H=H S KG AK $= AHT27. H

GHHG H<H S72 H I= = I=H <G = H G=HMT. %= =G

=H = H<=G KG GHM. <=G KG =H H< < KG. < KG

GHM KG I=G< I= H< H< A= 2011. H =GIGG , AK

= AH,H<H , K<=< ==HM =G K M H< KG

I.< KG GHM H= H<H GJHM HK H H< H==HG H<

= H<H I=H <G = H H< G=HM.

< =G G GH= H< == H< GGG, K=H<IH =J= M

. <=G =G G=H= H< HJ=G= H GG== G KG

GHM. < =G G=H= <K H< H KG H=.

<=G GH= =H== =GIGG =I=G GH = H< KG GH=G H<

=H KGG. H =G < H<H H< =GIGG= G <G IGI H<

= G, <G < H< = IGH= H< H=

H<=G MG=G. < LH GH= K= G< =<H H< =H= GH= KGG

K= HM H H=N =H=G H< G=G GH =H=.

25 $-@. The Nation, 17 M= 2011, 1.26 CIA = > =. The Ne!s, 17 M= 2011, 1.27 72; @ ;@; > == >. The Ne!s. 05A;= 2011, 8.

17

EC : B <H =G E=H=?

E=H=G H H< GH KG. H = G U H= H<H G-HG H< KG'G == =GGI.V28 H =G < H<H H< ==G H< KG-

VG =H= IH H<. G K H LGG == J= HHG

H H< =H, G I = H< =H= GH=. < =H= H<IG J=G

I H< ==G G =H= GH = :

P H J H<I<H =GIGG= GH H< ,

P =I H< H=G I= ==G,

P J= I MN JHG,

P GJ G J= H< I=HM.

!K 8=8 K9 55@MG9?

AG H= =, H< =H=G H< KG HG H< J=KG H< =H=

GH. <G =M IG IH =G, H= =GGIG JHG. F H< IG

H<=G MG=G, =H=G < KG, DK, < H= D=M =G K -

MN I= H< =H= = (FIM R M 2011). HH, I <I

=<HM =H=G K MG.

A K KG = H< MG=G =H=G. FI H=G K =M:

P %=

P A=

P B

P AH=-JH

DI= H< MG=G =H=G =H IGH=G <J G =G, GI< G,

K<H =G H< = = H< =H=? GH=G H< =H= H< G-

H HG H. *IGH=G = H< IGIGG GH

=H= H< J <J G =G. I H H<

H<=G GH=.

A6IH H<9 E8=H=5@ A5@MG=G C<5H EAC)

%H IG K =GIGG H< E=H= AMG=G C<H (EAC) =J K. A HH 480 =H-

=G (120 < KG) <J MN I KGG.

28 =@ A. %@=: = =. A H $. A, 'A 22312. A>> =:;://.>.@//E=. A>> : $;= 6, 2011.

H GJ H<H IH H< =H =H=G DK KG, 120 K

H=N G . H< I < KG, =H G H<H H< K 32

=H=G H=N I = 16 I H< HM =. ==M,

28 =H=G < H= K H=N I = 64 I =.

D=M =G 2 K H=N I = 118 K H=N I -

. H<=G KM H< EAC =JG <G=J GG<H H< =H= MG=G

I KGG.

%569@=;

H =G J=H H IGH H<H H< ==H=G H< H=G GH IH = H< EAC GM

H< IG H<=G MG=G. %= =G H< =GH HM =H G H =

H=I JH G H<I< G== KG <GG. <= = MI GGH=M IHH= G G JH =H G== HM H= H<.

%H IG J=G=H H< = L M IH M =H= HM H<H =G H

= KG. GH H= HG IH H< M, H< KG K= H=H =H G

U=GH= MV. < K U<=GH=V =G G= = H< M H< =H= HM.

EJHG G K G ==H= G== IGG.

A;@=;

A= KG HH = H< =H =H=G KGG. AG H< H GIGHG,

=H =JJG GH= =H=. F =GH, =H= H<H HG IH GH=HG

=GH H< = = J= H H< IHM. A=H=M, = H< =H= =G M

HM= H <=<=<H H=J GHG H< = K=H< H G=H=J GHG, H<

H<=G G< H G =. < H< =G =, =G IHH=M GH.

B5@5798

< HM =IG H< =H=G H<H H . < H

H< IG H<=G MG=G <G IG = H< HLH K< H< =H= HG

=H G=H= H< =H J=K=HG = H< HH. < = <= =-IG= =H J=K=HG =G H H H< = IH K<H HIM =G H<

HIH<. H =G H H< IHM H< =H= GH H =I ==G H< I= M -


18

C5H9;M D5K <9 '9KG <9 '5H= D5=@M =9G

%= - 32 28 1

A= - 16 64 -

B 120 3 3 119

AH=-JH - 69 25 -

19

EC : B <H =G E=H=?

GH= H<= MGG H< H=J G=H=J GHG H< HH I =G-

IGG=. <= M IHM =G H H =H= H H< I= H<=

K =G=G.

AH=-;J99H

< =H= GH GG GI< =H=G H<H J=K=H H< JH,

K<=< = H<=G G =G GGM, = H< =H KHG G H IGH H< HH

=G= H<= K.

%H IG K =GIGG H< =H =H=G < KG GHM -

H H< =M.

< KG >MG H=-K= =I K=H< KM =IH= J

138,000. < GH=H GI G H< KG =G = LGG 759,000.29

< I =H=G = H< DK KG KG H< <=<GH G -

H H< H< H< KGG. GH H< =H=G H<H H =H = DK

G< =H. < =H= GH GHG H< J=K=HG H< G=G, H<IG

= G H K H<= K (=) IG=G.

%H IG K =GIGG HK LG =H=G H<=G KG.

< =GH =H= H<H K= =GIGG KG I=G< 06 A= 2011 KG H=H

UIG= CGIGV. <=G =H= <=<=<H H< GHG H M H< JH H ==H=-

H GIG GG H< IHM. A=H=M, G M H< JH H<

GIG IHG K G =GIGG I =H KG =J H H< HG L-

M H< JH H J H< GHG. H< , H< =H =GIGG

GHG HKG =JH H< GIG H= I.

29 Da!n A=> . A = ;://=>..//=@;/;@., >>09 M 2011.

D5K E8=H=5@ A5@MG=G

C5H9;M '. E8=H=5@G = H<9 75H9;M

%= -

A= -

B 120

AH=-JH -

20


%H IG =GIGG H< L =H= DK. <=G =H= KG

G I=G< 06 A= 2011 K=H< H< H=H UGG HG=H V. <=G =H= <=<-

=<H H< G M IHG = $<=. FHG H== H HGH

= $<= K GH =H= HM I KG

H<G G. < =G=J H =H= =G HIM H< GH-

H= HG H H< , G H<H H<M H< = =G= K=H< H<

< H< HG GI=.

H =G J=H H H= H<H H< =H DK =G H H< K H< KG. GH

KG IG, KG IGIM GGI H< G=H= =HG, K<=< G=IGM -

HG H< I=HM KG HH =H=G. DI H H=H=J KG H,

K-=H M HH H J=H H<= G IH G G H

H IG =HG, JH=GHG G<=.

< LG =H=G =I < K= G= = = = H=.

<M G GGIH=G. 69 H< =H=G H< JH H< I-

H G=HIH= IHM. <G =H=G H =I H< =H J=K H< J-

H =HM -G=.

= H=M <G = GI= H< IH==HM H< G=HH= JH, IH

=H GVH H H<H =H G<I H< JH JM H=.

A I H<G =H=G H< JH G= M DJ=G.

AH = H=-JH, G H<G =H=G G IH H< H=- G-

H=HG. A=H=M, H< K HK H-GJ=G H= () CH

H= AM (CA) KG =J I< IG KG GH G H<I< =H K

J= G=H.

< =H=G = H< KG <J G IG =GGIG H H =H=G

-=H= JHG. ELG =H K K= =GIGG H< H=H=

= =H=G, K<=< H< JH <G K=H<IH G==

H< HLH.

<9 '9KG E8=H=5@ A5@MG=G

C5H9;M '. E8=H=5@G = H<9 75H9;M

%= 32

A= 16

B 3

AH=-JH 69

%H IG =GIGG H< =GH =H= H<H <G =.

H< =H= SH GGT I=G< 23 M 2011, H< G H GHIHI

H< =J= GJ= <G H I. F H< GH, H< =H= <G

H< G G SHHH H H =J= GJHG =H =H= HG.T < JH

G=M H< I= HM <J GJM =H==N. <=G =G J=H G H< -

=H= GHHG, SA G H= H< H GHIHI H< =J= GJ= =G I-

=M H MH<= H< H< =GH=HIH==N =H= HQT < G <G

H G SHI=T, K<=< K= GH==N H< =J= GJ=. < =H= <G -

HM >H H< G, H< IG H<H =H KI H J=H=G =H=-

=NH=.

%H IG K =GIGG LG H<H =JJ = = =H. <=G =H= KG H=H S<

H=G <T KG I=G< 26 FIM 2011. H H IH H< JH

=H= IH=HM = I> J=. < =H= H H= H<=H= JH =GH VG HM () =GH IG= %I-

KN () = I>. H <G IGM HKG H=- GHI.

H< H< <, H< J=KG = KN <=, (%- C<=) <J -

H. < =H IHG S= KN <=, <G H <K, G= 2008, < <G

HM =J M G=H = <=G HQT < =H= <G H=H

= HKG H= HM <G GGIH=G GI< G, SQH< %-

K= H H< IHM IH =HG =H= =G=G GIGGIM H< H<

.T

< =H= SF H< =T I=G< 17 M 2011 =GIGG H< J=G=H H#< $M H =GH <=G H=G K=H< G= ==G H H< H=. H =G H

H H<H H< J=G=H KG H H= K< H< < HG=G HK =GH

.. J H< AHH H= 02 M 2011. < =H= =H =HI

H< HG= M= H< H=G, K<= =H==N= H< =HG ==G,

J =M= H< = =J H =GH. < =H= G I H<

GHHH I> C<= ==GH, <<N <= H >H M = =, -

= H<H, S H< H< L<G K=H< G = G, H< GH H M

= <<N <= G<I < =J < H . $M H< <K GH=H

=G G<= I = =GH. < J=KG . <= G< M M.T < =H=

G H H HG H< F JH H = I< GHH, S< H

H<H H< JH HM M IGH HHH H .

$M =NQT

A =H= H=H SA H< G=HVG T KG I=G< 12 FIM 2011. <

=H= M = HM GK = =H S =GG L=GT.

< H= K =H G G SG=HVG G IGHGT KG H

H =G=IH H<H H< G=H L=G HH =I J H<. < =H= H<IG

HKG H= J=K=H. < =H= H <K H< K =H

< <= M H< G=H. < =H G GIGH H<H H<=G GH =G

H K H< = ==GH. < =H= =G H<H H< J=IG F= ==GH,

<< < *IG<= KG SGIHMT H< =G H<=G =GGI K=H<* *=, ==GH H= HM =GH

VG HM (). < =H= H< H< JH <J= =G<

21

EC : B <H =G E=H=?

22

H< G. A = , H< =H= GH K=H< H=-JH GH=HG K<= -

=H= =G K=H<= H< I= HM. < =H= K<= = H H< =H

< GHH, S< F= ==GH <G H HI< H< =M G=

HH= HM FI (F) J K= H<IG IGI G=H H< G=IG

GHG H< = H H<GQ J H< =H G =HH < M

=I < = H< I=HM JQT

AH< =H= H=H S- MT KG I=G< 04 FIM 2011. <=G -

=H= IG H< =H=N M A DJ=GVG G. < =H= =H==N H<

JH L= H< J=G ==G H=G = =GH. < =H= L-

= H<H H<G K =JH GI=HM =G GM =G. < -

=H= G GH H G<= K<= I= H< JH H < =HG =H=

G=H=. < =H= IH K = =H < = = J=IG KGG

H<I< MIG GIG, < MH H J G H. < =H= KG G

H=- GH=HG, K=H< LGG=G GI< G SA=G H I=H K<==T. <=H= H<I<IH =HG H< GH K=H< H=- H=-JH GH=HG.

< I= JH H< HG=GG= H< < I A=

6, 2011. < KG I H< H H< G = I. AH

=H= =GIGG= = =H=G, H<=G =GGI = H< HG=GG= KG <=<=<H

H< H H=G I= H< =H= =. <G =H=G H= HH

H<H KG H=-JH G G< H< G=H= H=G H<= =J

-=HH GH =JH HJ=G= < .

%H IG =GIGG H< =H= L H=H SI=G<= T I=G< , 20 <2011. H H H< =GGI K HK H< HG I, J H< =-

= C=H CI H<G, K<= = H< JH H< JH G=H-

IH=. < =H= <G=N H< =< =< CIHVG >IH J H<=G =GGI

GIH= H< KGIVG G=H=. = I, G K G < KG =G K

M H< # I, H< =GGI HG H< =HGHG H< I, < H< G H<

=H=. < =H= IG H< JH G== =GH H< # I H

<IH =HG =HGHG. < =GGI H< JH K=H< H< =H= =M H<

KGI =G =H G H< = G H< K. < =H= H<H H< J-

H < =HH= M= K=H< H< CIHVG G. < =H= KG G

H< GJH=G GGIH=G K<= J== H< H=G.

<9 '5H= E8=H=5@ A5@MG=G

C5H9;M '. E8=H=5@G = H<9 75H9;M

%= 28

A= 64

B 3

AH=-JH 25

23

EC : B <H =G E=H=?

< H= =G H H< K- H I. A =H= H=H SH I K H!T

KG I=G< 07 FIM 2011. < =H= H GHHHG

M H< J I>, %H= $<G. < =H= =H==N H< JH

== K=H< H< GH. H <G I H<H M K= =GH= GIH,

=GH <G H H H< =<H GH. H <G H G S=GHT =HH M

=GH. < =H= H< GHH, S< K H=G J= IH H< ==HM

= H H< M H H =HG GG=G =HG IQT H=H= H<=G G-

HG = =H= H H= =H J=K =GH G== IHM. <

<G =H = H< =H= G K =G M H< -

=GH. < =H <G IG GHHHG GI< G, S<H I G=H = ==GH

<J =G H H H< A=G H H H< IH M HGH =G= IHG=

H< =H.T

%H IG K =GIGG L = = H< =H= SDG A=T I=G<

22 FIM 2011. HG = IG KG HH = IH< N==GH. DG KH G SIH<GG == <=G.T FIH<, =H KG I H<H H< F J-

H G<I H H= =GH HHG. < JH <G

SKT. <=G =H= =G HHM G GGIH=G GI< G: S=H KG M H<I<H

H<H HHG < H G= < H M DJ=G IG

H J= HH =H= H H= <IHG.T IG <J G

IH = H< =, GI< G SQ < H=M H < H= H<H =H < J

=GHIH = J== =H= H A=GQT

%H IG =GIGG H< L = = H< =H=G < H=. < H

G=HIH= = %=M KG =GIGG = H< =H= SAVG H<HT I=G< 12 <2011. <=G = H AVG GG H =VG H=J=H=G G SGG=T

H H< =M SK =H=T. A= =GH H< KGH K =G H<

J=IG = H<=G =. HHHG GI< G S...H< M H H< IG= K

HH= H< H< H GGQT <J IG H ==H <H =GH H< GH.

A=H=M, H< H= IGM H= H G<=H H< JM = M IG-

=G H H< GH. %=M <G H< , =.., I H GH ==HM =-

HJH=. < %=M JIH= KG GIH, IH H H< G H= H< =H

GH= IH=<H H= H< %=M IG= <G< H<G

H I H< JH. GH, H< =H= H< =JJH GH H=G

= H< =H. H G = H =I KGH =H J=K H< GI>H H<IG -

= -G=.

< =GGI H< =H=N, M A DJ=G JG<K H< =GGIG I=

H< =H= =. < =H=G = H<=G =GGI K H=-JH

G =I H=- GH=HG. GH H< =H=G I =GH H =HG

H=G K=H< HI, K=K F<=, H< G = H<

%< ==H =JJ= M A DJ=G. < =H= =H==N H< G KG H< =GH= JH M == H< =H= K=H< H< KG, SG= H <G

K =HM = H< =T. H IH< I<H = H< =GGI HHG. FI-

H<, G= H<H S JH H<H =G ==H K=H< H< = GG =HG K

=H=NG = FAA I H LH H =G K =JG.T H<

H< =H H<H SH< A=G IGH K = = H<= K =T,

K<=< M GHHG H=- GH=HG. < KG G GIH -

G=H= HMVG GH H< =GGI, K<= =H==N= H< JH =HG =H=

<. I< =H=G HH I H HKHM-=J = H<=G KG.

H< =H= SAHH J =GT I=G< 24 M 2011, H< ==H

H=G H < J BG KG =GIGG. F H< GH, =H <=H H G=M

HM= H GH==N= =GHVG GI=HM GH=G<H. H IH< -

H H< B= % H= = AH, K=H< H< HH <, M

= H< =JJH S= <GT. = .. <J M

= H<=G =H=, K<= JI GGIH=G <J H J H< H=.

< JH <G G =H==N =HG =H <G H<H =H =G

= H=GHG H< JH, S= HHH H IM J K=H< H< A, K= =HGGMH<M.T AH H< IG= H< =H= =M GHHH <G =J, G S-

=GH G<I ==HM G H <J M IH< = K=H< H< A = =HG

, H< JH G<I M HHH= H HH= =HG K =H=NG H<

G= = JH.T

%H IG K =GIGG H< =H= SVG I= C<= J=G=HT I=G< 19 M 2011,

= K<=< = ==GH ==VG J=G=H H C<= <G =GIGG. < =GIGG= KG

= H< H< .. H= 02 M 2011 H<H = G B= %.

C<= KG =G = H<=G = H =H < HH< H C<=-

=G<=, K<= = H<H H< .. K=H< = KG HM= H GH==N=GH. IGH=G K =H H = =H= =G GI=HM

HHG H< H=H= =H= GI=HM = H< IHM. < =H= KG

IH G=HIH= K<, SH< =HI =G H H<H M LGG H< HIH< <= H<

JHIG S== =G<=T K=H< =GH. H< H< <, K< G=

= = C<= G JHI SIGKJ=MT GIH= =GH =H =G

H< GH I=GG, G I= M =HG < = =GHIHI, G

<GH H< =G.T

< GI>H HHG H< <J I =H==G K=H< -

GH GJH =H=G. < JH =G =HG K ==G =HG G-

G=H= = H< K H K=H< H< . <G =H=G H< = =>H K=H<

= =GH G== IHM. <M G =H J=K=H = J H< G=H=

H=G, G=M =<H K= =H= H=G, %-. < JH KG

GH= H< J H= =H= H=G <J G <=<=<H = H< -

=H=G.


24

< EAC D=M =G G<KG H<H =H=G H< KG H=N =M

I HK H=G. KG H=N I = K<G H< GH K H-

=N I H< HM. A J GG<H H< KG ==HG

IH G=H== H< HH = =H= GH=. FK= LG KI -

H < = J= IGH= <K H< =H=G K H-

=N.

A =H= =H = H< 14 < 2011 =H= D=M =G, H=H SM= H

HMT GHH M G== H< HM SlotaT <K H< HG IG = H<

GH K =H H<G IHM IG . < = H< =H = =J= H<=G -

IH KG H H =N = I>AGGM, K< >= %-* H< G=H= <G. < =H G= H< <-

=G H=I M = H< K= KG SAH H<G I=M= G<=G,

I =H= GHH=JG <=H< H<=G I H< I=IG H< M H= =

lota H H< IHG= H< <IG. AH<I< G H HM=M H H G -

=H= G=H=G =I= = GI< IM, K M K=H<IH H<G GHG

GHIHG.T < =H= ==G< = H< K= G<=:

S< J=H =G GH= IH H< H H< %-* ==H= I =HG K=H<

H< %- G H< EH= C=GG= <G MH H GG H< =GGI. I GGM

G G = GIH=G H< GHH H< IHM =-GH H< =GHH= M= =H= H K=H< < H<.T <=G =H= H<IG

H= H H< G=H= G = I> AGGM lotas, K<=< =G H G=

KG GHM IH IHH=.

EC : B <H =G E=H=?

25

D5=@M =9G E8=H=5@ A5@MG=G

C5H9;M '. E8=H=5@G = H<9 75H9;M

%= 1

A= -

B 119

AH=-JH -

(==G

H =H= G <J =H M KGG M HI=G. < -

H KG J = 1921. <=G KG M H BM K , <

K EJ= . < H= <= =H KG H<H H< =H =N H<H H<

G=H H< =H=G KG H< J=KG. < =H KG IH G

K=H=:

"H I H H<H H<= =G =HGH= H< == K< == =G =H-

GH=, G J=G H< = H< G=H H< =H=, K<=< -

H< GH =HH = A= Q H< = H =H ==G, ==

HG."30

=H=M, H< ==G LGG = H< - GH= K ==H H H< GH H<

KG. < == =H= (-) =G = H H=IH=G

IHG= H< KG. H< KG, - =G G=M KG H= H<H

LGGG H< ==G J=IG I=GHG. <G I=GHG H GIG H

GG=H K=H< H< KG. < - =G =H H< =H=G H< KG-

K<=< KG =GIGG = H= B. < -, I= H< =H=G, =G I=G=HM I=GHG H H K=H = H H< G J=K=H H< KG H<M

K=H= . =H=, H< K= =HG K G GJ K<= IH=

H< MG=G:

P H< I=GHG K=H IHM G= H<, K<= H<G

K=H J=HM =GGIG. F =GH, I=GH =<H K=H GM

=HH= H=G, K<= H< =<H =JG.

P CI=GHG IG H=G = H H<= LH=G. F L-

, =GH =<H LH H GH J=KG =GGI

K<=< <G = GH=J.

P H <G G GJ H<H H H=G I=GHG, I H H<= J=IG

IH ==H=G K=H< =NH= H H H J=K=H

K<=< M == , H GH G, H<H =NH=.

P FIHM M G H=IH = H< - GH=, IH H<

KGG M =-<IG I=GHG G H M-

G.

26

30 H.B. $;, H. B. M=, K. Pndits, poets, and !its ( =: != &=> "=>>, 1990), .

,EC"(' : C

C@I=GHG

KG, H< =G G I -G J. <= MN= H< -

H= H< I KGG, K GJ H<H H< I=GHG K H=IH=

KM G=G. < I=GHG = H< KG G== M K=H< ==

GM = K=H< H< =M H< KG =HG.

AH MN= H< -G H <G = H<H J=G H< G H<

KGG H BIG=GG

.#. AE=H IM I= & E=H= D=H =

M =G M

A.. MM A= #I=GH

IGI A= #I=GH

#K J= #I=GH

M H IGG= = #I=GH

>< IHN =H= GH

A.. = H =IGH =G FH=. %KM

>I=GH.

AG G= F E=H DK

.A. < #I=GH

$ <= H= ==HM =

=N = G HHM H<= <=G<M

MM A=

= A=

$<= AN=N H= =J= GJH

= <= E=GH

CM= A= E=H= H & #I=GH

A == =H= E=GH

IGG= AIH< KM

28

!E 'E0,

C(%&'", BAC$+('D/+(FE,,"('

<=I< IGIN=#I=GH G=H =H < KG H -

G<K

AMN A= EH =H

$= MH F I=GH KG =H

AG= EN= H= =J= GJH

D. FI< ELIH=J D=H H<=-H CH -

G< I=HM GHI=G

B HH AJH = =< CIH

<H < F C=J= J= ==

=G $<=I I= =M G==GH

<N= <I=#I=GH K= # I G

G=H $<= GG CI

A=< ANA= H %< =JG=HM H

=G

EC : C <H =G E=H=?

29

!E 'A"('

C(%&'", BAC$+('D/+(FE,,"('

(H.) =N

AG B= F AM C<=

<< G= F I=GH >I=GH

G = < H= ==HM =

.. = H= ==HM =

AH H K= G= G=H=GH G = G

.A. =N= ELIH=J E=H, < H=

D. $ EHI = MGH

-< H= ==HM =

$<= H= ==HM =

D. = <=

#I=GH, =H= MGH =H GIH= L-

H

30

DA"%1 "&E,

C(%&'", BAC$+('D/+(FE,,"('

<<N C<I<M H= ==HM =

D. M G IGG= G HI<H == = H< =HG HHG

AK M =G=H= GG H %< < E=G

I< #= F I=GH

>N %KM

I= AHI< EHI/BIG=GG

M K ==HM =

C<= H< $=K I H<H J=GG G

JH IG=GG

D. I< = #I=GH H D=M =G

J= = F I=GH

F<H >A= <D G< FK H H< CH

G<, =JG=HM G.

<= CIHI = H G==GH

% $< =H= AH=J=GH >I=GH D=M =G

EC : C <H =G E=H=?

31

32

A5@MG=G

AG H< HG <, =G I I=GHG = HI=GHG, K< H M KGG, =H< J=IG IHM

==HG H< KG. M H IGG=, >< IHN, CM= A=

AG G= K= <J K DK = J=IG =H=G. ==M <

KG <G <=I< IGIN= <N= <I= K<=, < H= <G . A. =N=.

. AG J=H H< J <, H<=G =G G H< G K=H< DK.

==. EH999IG

AG H< HG, =H =G H<H JM KG G <G IG=GG H-

IG G H<= I I=GHG. <G =I AG<= CKG> (DK), K< <G

<H G<== IG=GG; I= AHI< (D=M =G), D. $ (< -

H=) IIG H<G GI< G G = < (< H=), K< G=G

= H= ==HM = =G CE H H< KH HHH M, H< JH

%H, =GH R E< HH=, A. ==M, D. FI< (< KG) =G

H< CE == =GH=HIH=, D== H FI %==H. < HIG IG=GG GG H<IG K GH = < KG.

===. &=@=H5M

A G= H= H= ==HM =G <G GJ H=IH= H H<

== IG HHG. H= ==HM =G GHM

H=IH I=G< = < H=, G J=H H< J=IG <.

=J. C=J=@ ,9J5HG

H= =J= GJHG IIHG G H=IH = H< == =H= GH=G

G I I=GHG. < GI>HG H<M H =HH= =G,

=H=G, M J. $<= AN=N (DK), AG= EN= <H <

(< KG) G H< =H G. <G =J= GJHG =M I-

=G< = < KG.

33

EC : C AMG=G

J. @=H=7=5G

CIH HM IH==G G I I=GHG. <= H -

I JM = H<= =H= =M ==H=G. AMN A= =G -

H< H= AGGM (A) H H< H=H %-. <H <<G = ==GH GH H=H, K<= D. FI< <G

G HGH H< GH H.

J=. A7589=7G

=J=IG GG=H K=H< IH= =GH=HIH=G IH= GH G H=IH

G I I=GHG = KGG. A=G GHM I=G< = H< D=M

=G DK. <= H=G =GIGG= M =H=G, M,

=H=G.

=79 H<9 C=H=N9

%HHG H H< E=H =G H K<=< <G = K= IM = E=G< KG-

G. DG=H =HG I=HM, <KJ, JM K I KGG H= H<=G GH=. H

=G = H< H= KG K< H< ==G JM IH G=HM

H. <G HHG =G <G=J H H< G H=, M

GH= H< == K=H =GGI. DG=H H< G== H=H =M

H< KG, =G ==G GH. <=G =G <G H< GH

GHIH=J GH= M KG. DI= I MG=G H<=G GH= =H KG

GJ H<H = H<=G GH= H< =H=NG <J G = =I. <M GH < H< GH=G G H H< == =H=G G== KG

GH=G.

H =G G GH=G GJ H<H G =G H IH= G=G

= IIG KGG. <=G =G JH G H< =G L< J=KG

=G. DG=H H< =M H< KG, ==G = H J=IG G<G

H<I<H H. < HHG G =I H< -

GI H GH H<= ==G H H< I=G<G. < HHG H= =H=I =G

J H= KG GHM H=, K<= GH=G H< HH G G=HG

H= KG =H. < K=HG GHM J GIG H< =, H<I< HH=G J I=GHG, H H G GI>H LHG, <J I L<=

=G = H<=G GH=. F L =H=I I =<H H< I=GH H

G H<I< HH, H< I=GHG =<H IG H<=G GH= H =M M =-

I=HM = H<= IG.

GH H< HHG I=G< H= H =GGIG K<=< H H< H = H< KG

H H< H=. %HHG H H H H=GH JH =H= JH K=

I=G<, G H<M =H H< =G H< I H< =GGI. %HHG H H< =H

GH H< J=KG H M K=H<= H< IHM, IH G G IHG=

H< IHM G K. , =H=NG J= H<= G K=H<IH <= H H< -

=M H< KG I.

=J=I (%) =G H=J -H=G

H =H = =J= G=HM I. H

<G K J, I K, GHH<-

= =J= G=HM H= JH.

=J=I <G GHH H K=

K=H< =GHG =J= G=HM =GH=G

= JM K. , =H <G GH

H= H=H <G H< L= =-

H= ==H=H=JG = H GHH<=

=GH=HIH==N= =HH= HK H<

=J= G=HM =HM =HHG. %'G

K J=K =G G = JIG. H =JG

=GHM = H< ==J=I, GM = ==J=I

H< GIHM G= GG=-

==HM IH H< =H H< ==J=IG.

=J=I =G G =, GI ==-

J=IG K< =J H<H H< GHH =G H< ==-

J=I H J= JG, ==I JH

=G H< I<, =JH HIG<=

=G H< J<= H H=J=HM GG

H H =GH= H

.

how fare is english print media in pakistan.pdf

Documents