Copyright 2017, Plug Power Inc.

April 20th, 2017

How Evolutions in

Communications Networks and

Fuel Cell Power Have Changed

the Site ParadigmDarin Painter

2

Technology Evolution

• Fuel cell technology and solutions have evolved substantially since they were first used in telecom 12 years ago.

• The fuel cell communications market has grown to thousands of sites located in 46 U.S. States and dozens of other countries.

• Currently, every major domestic carrier and many rural carriers and first responders utilize fuel cells in their networks to provide backup power.

• Benefits of fuel cells you should know about:

2Operational

Simplicity

1Economic

Savings

3Sustainable

Power

3

How Does a PEM Fuel Cell Work?

• Provides 100% rated power as long as it has fuel

• Run time determined by quantity of fuel storage (like a generator)

• Uses an electrolyte

• No moving parts

• Twice as efficient as fuel combustion

• The only outputs are DC power, warm-moist air, and a small

amount of pure liquid water

4

e-

e-

e-

e-

H+

H+e-H+

H+

H+

H+

H+

+ H -

H

H

O

O2H2

O

OxygenMolecules

Electrical Load

Water molecules forming

Catalyst/ElectrodeProton exchange

membrane electrolyteCatalyst/Electrode

HydrogenMolecules

Electrons

from

Hydrogen

PEM Fuel Cell Process

H2

5

GenSure Basic Architecture

AIR EXHAUSTAIR INTAKE

GenSure E-Series

H2O Out

H2 INPUT

DC POWER OUT/IN

FRONT REAR

6Plug Power Confidential and Proprietary.

Site Power System

• Simple DC Bus Connection

• Connects on the Load Side of Meter

• Parallel to Battery and Rectifier

• Fuel Cell Dimensioned for Power

• Hydrogen Dimensioned for Energy

• Indoor or Outdoor Mounting

• Load Following

• Fault-Tolerant

• Efficiency and Power Reduction

• New technology in telecom gear

• More efficient power conversion

• Cooling solutions

Simple maintenance and fewer site visits mean up to 84% lower operational costs when

compared to combustion generators.

Utility

Feed

Fuel Cell

Battery

Equipment

Load

Rectifier

AC

Panel

DC

Bus

Meter

7

GenSure E-Series

GenSure E-200™ Fuel Cell• 200W in a 2U 19” rack• 12, 24, 36 or 48VDC• Scalable to 600W in single enclosure

GenSure E-1100™ /1100v™ Fuel Cell• 1,100W in a 4U 19” rack• 1,100W vertical mount (E-1100v only)• 24 or 48VDC• Scalable to 4.4W in 40” Cabinet (E-1100 only)

GenSure E-2500™ Fuel Cell• 2,500W in a 8U 23” rack• 24 or 48VDC• Scalable to 10kW in 72” Cabinet

8Plug Power Confidential and Proprietary.

E-Series Cabinet Configurations

400W Enclosure with

55kWh H2 Storage

5kW Enclosure with

55kWh H2 Storage

4.4kW Enclosure with

167kWh H2 Storage in HSM9

E-2500™ Fuel Cell

23” Indoor Rack

E-1100™ Fuel Cell

19/23” Indoor Rack

E-200™ Fuel Cell

19/23” Indoor Rack

600W Enclosure with

8kWh H2 Storage

10kW Enclosure with

300kWh H2 Storage in HSM16

4.4kW Enclosure with

55kWh H2 Storage

E-200™

E-1100™

E-2500™

9

Typical Outdoor Installations

• Pad/Platform Mounting

• Cylinder Exchange or Refillable

• No Emissions

10

Typical Indoor Installations

• Shelter or Equipment Room Fuel Cell

• Indoor or Outdoor Fuel Storage

• Indoor: No external impact to site

• Outdoor : Simple Fueling & Maintenance

Accessibility

• No Emissions

Economic Savings: A cost-saving, space-

saving integrated power solution. 1

12

Capital Cost & TCO

• Lower capital expense for backup power equipment

• Reduced maintenance of fuel cell relative to combustion generators

Reduced Footprint

• Lower ground space lease cost – recurring expense

• Greater applicability to larger number of existing locations

Speed to Deploy

• Permitting challenges increasing for combustion generators

• Simplified deployment

• Reduction of on-site backup power integration / expense

Enhanced Intelligence

• Integrated SNMP monitoring / alarming

• Integrates w / IP based radio equipment

Integrated OSP Solution Drivers

Plug Power’s Integrated solution equips telecommunications customers with a reliable single cabinet solution for their

network power and communications equipment, providing customers with a reduction in capital and operational expenses

at each site.

13

Integrated OSP Solution

HSM-16

300 kW-hr

7 day runtime @

1.8 kW loadFuel Cell

& Battery

Power,

Radio,

Backhaul,

MW, &

SPD

Integrated Cabinet

2 Environments

Upper Compartment:

HEX

Lower Compartment:

Ventilated

14

Integrated OSP Solution

• Lower installation cost

• Lower ground space lease cost

• Simplified deployment

• Reduction of on-site backup power

integration / expense

Site Footprint Improvement

15

Integrated OSP Solution

• Reduced maintenance

• Hardened outdoor cabinets

• Temps from -40oC to +50oC / -40oF to 122oF

• Multiple options for a variety of power and runtime requirements

• Enhanced intelligence

System Configuration: Network Hardening

Utility

Feed

Fuel Cell

Battery

RectifierAC

Panel

DC

Bus

Meter

Data Comm

Microwave

LTE Radio

Telco/Lease

HVAC

Ancillary

Remote Radio

Disconnect

H2 Storage

Operational Simplicity for a Hardened

Network2

17

Remote Operations Capabilities

Customer

NOC

Monitoring

• Active Fuel Level Monitoring

• Automated Fuel Service Options

• M2M via SNMP

• Active Alarm Monitoring

• Remote Testing

• Secure Data Transfer Options

Fuel Service

Customer’s Distributed

Fuel Cell Network

IP

Network

Fuel Cell #1

Fuel Cell #2

Fuel Cell #n

Connectivity

• Ethernet/IP Network

• USB

• Modem – per Operator standards

CDMA/GSM/GRPS

• Adaptors

• Local Display

Secure M2M or

encoded data

transfer

18

GenFuel for Stationary Markets

Complete Fuel Service Offering

• Complete support services• Initial fueling

• Refueling

• Disaster recovery

• Preventive maintenance

• Live call center 24x7x365

• All fuel logistics handled for customer

• Disaster recovery support• Partnerships with service companies for delivery

• Agreements in place for fuel sourcing• Leverage Plug Power assets where available

• Remote monitoring is available or Customer NOC dispatched

• Services offered driven by project commitment

19

Bulk Hydrogen Availability

20

261

Cu. ft

60”

Common Cylinder Sizes

197

Cu. ft

D.O.E. Hydrogen Safety On-Line Course:

http://www.hydrogen.energy.gov/firstresponders.html9 kWh140 lbs261 cu-ft9” x 60”

7 kWh125 lbs197 cu-ft9” x 56”

3 kWh65 lbs80 cu-ft6” x 33”

EnergyWeightCapacitySize

Cylinder Sizes:

Cylinder Supply & Delivery

Large distribution infrastructure

• Thousands of locations nationally

Proven technology

• Standards established for siting & delivery

Capacity / run time dependent on:

• Number of Cylinders

• Cylinder Size

• Cylinder Pressure

21

GenFuel Cylinder-Exchange Coverage

• 3000+ branch industrial gas distribution locations

• Intermediate fuel storage locations can be established as needed

for limited coverage areas

Sample Industrial Gas

Supplier Locations

22

Hydrogen Fuel Comparisons - Safety

Hydrogen Properties• Rapidly disperses - the lightest element

• Colorless, odorless, tasteless, & non-toxic

• Flammable from 4% - 75% in air

H

Hydrogen car Gasoline car

The maximum temperature

inside the back window of the

hydrogen car was only 67°F!

D.O.E. Hydrogen Safety On-Line Course:

http://www.hydrogen.energy.gov/firstresponders.html

NFPA 2: This code provides fundamental safeguards for the

generation, installation, storage, piping, use, and handling of

hydrogen in compressed gas (GH2) form or cryogenic liquid

(LH2) form

23

Per unit energy content of the fuel measured in Btu’s

Hydrogen Fuel Comparisons - Energy

3.5 Gallons of Diesel

(1 Gallon = 128,450 Btu)5.3 Gallons of Propane

(1 gallon = 84,950 Btu)

Hydrogen Volume Diesel Equivalent Gallons Propane Equivalent Gallons

1 Cylinder (260 Cubic Feet) 0.6 0.9

Fuel Wing (6 Cylinders) 3.5 5.3

HSM-16 Refillable Module 18.4 27.8

6 Cylinders of Hydrogen

(1 Cylinder = 75,400 Btu)

24

Backup Power Options

Fuel Cells vs. Generators

• Fuel Cells - Fewer mechanical parts /

increased availability

• Fuel Cells - Lower cost of ownership /

reduced maintenance

• Fuel Cells - Hydrogen has unlimited shelf

life / greater reliability

• Fuel Cells - Zero emission technology

• Fuel Cells - Lower incidence of theft

• Fuel Cells - Remote management capable

Sustainable Power Moving the Network

into the Future - Today3

26

Zero-Emission Power

Feature Diesel Generator Plug Power GenSure fuel cells

Overview Internal combustion diesel generators deliver medium quality

electrical power by burning fossil fuel and using it to drive a

rotation generator

Fuel cells offer clean, continuous high quality

electrical power resulting from an

electrochemical reaction with hydrogen and

oxygen from ambient air

Emissions High levels of NOx, CO2, CO and particulate matter emitted.

Fuel is toxic to environment when spilled.

Clean – heat and water are the only emissions

Noise Exhaust and mechanical noise Silent, except for fan noise. Fuel cell noise

tends to be 10 - 20db lower than diesel

generator noise.

Conclusions

28

Conclusions

• Fuel cells offer a highly-reliable, clean, cost-effective solution

for a growing number of telecom applications.

• Evolutions in these 3 areas are providing solid reasons for

carriers and contractors to expand adoption of hydrogen and

fuel cells.

The world is moving – join us and move boldly into the future.

2Operational

Simplicity

1Economic

Savings

3Sustainable

Power

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