How Ecosystems Work

Chapter 5

Ecological Succession

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• Ecological Succession

• A gradual process of change and replacement of the types of species in a community

Secondary Succession

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• Secondary Succession

• A common type of succession that occurs on a surface where an ecosystem has previously existed

• Carbon Dioxide

• An atmospheric gas that increases when fossil fuels are burned off

Algal Bloom

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• Algal Bloom

• Evidence of excessive fertilizer use

Climax Community

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• Climax Community

• A final and stable community

Old-Field Succession

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• Old-Field Succession

• A types of succession that occurs on an abandoned farmland

The Sun

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• What is the ultimate source of energy for almost all organisms except those living deep in the ocean near a thermal vent?

• The Sun

Predator vs Prey

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• Which of the following might depend on a rabbit for its energy?

• Grasshopper

• Cayote

• Cow

• horse

Carnivore

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• A consumer that eats only producers is called a(n)

• Carnivore

Food Chain

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• What term is used to describe a linear sequence in which energy is transmitted from one organism to the next as each organism eats another organism?

• Food Chain

Food Web

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• What term is used to refer to the many feeding relationships that are possible in an ecosystem?

• Food Web

Energy/Food Pyramid

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• Which organism would occupy the level on an energy pyramid with the most energy?

• Bobcat

• Bird

• Grasshopper

• carrot

Fossil Fuels

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• Where are fossil fuels located?

• On the surface of the Earth

• Deep Within the Earth

• Beneath the ocean floor

Lichens

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• How do lichens contribute to primary succession?

• Lichens begin to break down rock to form soil

• Where would you most likely find nitrogen-fixing bacteria?

• On the roots of legumes

Legumes

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• What type of vegetation would you expect to find on an abandoned farm that has been undistributed by humans for 150 years?

• Short grasses• Shrubs• Young pine trees• Tall, mature oak trees

• Consumers are organisms that

• Eat only other animal species

• Get solar or other energy indirectly

• Are also known as self-feeders

• Occupy an ecosystem’s lowest energy level

• The energy consumed by organisms

• Can be stored in fat and sugar molecules

Nitrogen Cycle

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• Which of these is a large reservoir of nitrogen that is usable by most organisms?

• Soil

• Atmosphere

• Ocean

• space