How does Singapore manage conflict and ensure national security?

• Countries can adopt various strategies to strengthen themselves and maintain peace

Strategies:• Deterrence• Diplomacy

Singapore’s Plan…

Deterrence supported by Diplomacy

Measures taken to prevent & protect themselves from

threats

Management or the conducting of relations with different countries

In this lesson, you will learn about:

How Singapore manage conflict and ensure national security by using deterrence

• What is deterrence• Forms of deterrence

Refers to the measures taken by countries to prevent and protect themselves from threats

Threats can come from other countries or even non-state aggressors like terrorists

Some measures to deter aggressors:› Maintaining military installations› Carrying out military exercises› Installing CCTV camera at train stations› Sharing information among countries

WHY IS DETERRENCE IMPORTANT?

• To be militarily self-reliant

• To give people a sense of security & attract foreign investors

SINGAPORE AND ITS USE OF DETERRENCE

1.      A Citizen Armed Forces

Why does Singapore use citizen armed forces instead of a professional army?

• In 1965 Singapore had a population of less than 2 million and manpower was needed in factories and industries

• Insufficient funds to support a professional army • Therefore, National service was introduced

in 1967

How did Singapore develop its citizen armed forces?

• Introduced NS in 1967

All 18 year old able-bodied male citizens were called for part-time or full-time NS

After completing NS, the men undergo reservist training

Role of National Service (NS) in nation-building

› Bonds young men of different background with a common experience

› Promotes social integration and social harmony

› Builds up loyalty in men

SINGAPORE ARMED FORCES (Army, Airforce, Navy)

› A fighting fit army in reserve, ready to defend

› Therefore, increase in military might of Singapore

2. 3RD GENERATION SINGAPORE ARMED FORCES

› A project started by SAF with research institutes of the Ministry of Defence and local universities

› Maximising of defensive capabilities through modern technology

› Aims to create a intelligent defence force where the Army, Airforce and Navy operate together to provide early information which would destroy the enemy before they reach us

3. Singapore’s Defence Industry

Consists of:• The Chartered Industries of Singapore (CIS)• The Defence Science and Technology Agency (DSTA)

Responsibilities of defence industry:Builds up the fighting capabilities of the SAF by:

• Buying, upgrading and developing weapons • Produces ammunition• Conducts R & D with other countries and local tertiary

institutions

Reasons Singapore produces its own weapons:

• Shortage of equipment and weapons in the early years • Unsuitability of imported weapons and military

equipment for Singapore’s needs• Cheaper to produce weapons than to buy them• Reluctance of countries to share their defence

technology

Advantages of producing own weapons:• saves cost• military is well equipped

• Introduced in 1984 to involve everyone in the defence of the country

• Deter potential aggressors by showing that all Singaporeans are prepared for defence in all areas

4. Total Defence

Total Defence

Civil Defence-Know what to do during emergencies

Economic defence -Building a strong economy that will not break down during times of war

Social defence -Singaporeans of all races and religions together

Psychological defence-Being loyal to Singapore and having the mental strength to overcome difficulties

Military Defence-Deter aggression

5. Multi-agency co-ordination on security

National Security Coordination Secretariat (NSCS) set up to coordinate the Ministry of Defence, Ministry of Home Affairs and the Ministry of Foreign Affairs to:

• Plan national security and policies• Combat terror threats

6. Military Co-operation with other countries(a) Bilateral defence agreements and exercises

• Singapore has military agreements with various countries to allow Singapore troops in train in their countries – France, Australia, New Zealand, India, Taiwan, Brunei

• Singapore conducts military training with neighbouring countries – Indonesia, Malaysia

• Exercises increase co-operation and strengthen ties among participating countries

(b) Multi-lateral defence agreements and exercises

Singapore – a member of the Five Power Defence Arrangements (FPDA) formed in 1971 to preserve peace in the regionThe four other members are Australia, Britain, New

Zealand and Malaysia

In the event of an external threat to Singapore or Malaysia, the members are to consult one another on the appropriate measures to be taken

Conclusion

A citizen armed force 3rd generation Singapore Armed Forces Singapore’s defence industry Total Defence Multi-agency coordination on security Military co-operation with other countries - Bilateral military agreements & exercises - Multi-lateral military agreements & exercises

Conclusion:Deterrence is practised by Singapore in the following ways

A citizen armed force 3rd generation Singapore Armed Forces Singapore’s defence industry Total Defence Multi-agency coordination on security Military co-operation with other countries - Bilateral military agreements and exercises - Multi-lateral military agreements and exercises