how does a seed grow into a tree? where does all the mass come from???
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How does a seed grow into a tree? Where does all the mass come from???. Photosynthesis. Plants convert the energy of sunlight into the energy of chemical bonds of carbohydrates. Importance of Photosynthesis. But that’s not all. But wait, there’s more. Photosynthesis:. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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How does a seed grow into a tree? Where does all the mass come from???
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Photosynthesis
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• Plants convert the energy of sunlight into the energy of chemical bonds of carbohydrates
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Importance of Photosynthesis
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But that’s not all..
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But wait, there’s more..
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Photosynthesis:
6 CO2 + 6 H2O C6 H12 O6 + 6 O2
carbon dioxide + water = sugar + oxygen
STARCH
photosynthetic products often stored as starch•Starch = glucose polymer
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CO2+H20 C(H2O)+ O2
Photosynthesis
Respiration
Sun
The BIG Picture
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Leaf Structurecuticle - waxy, water resistant layer on
the surface of the leaf
Epidermis - transparent, colourless cell layer below the cuticle
mesophyll cells - pallisade: are elongated cells located just below the epidermal tissue
- spongy mesophyll consists of loosely packed cells where gas exchange takes place
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Fig. 10.2a
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Leaf structure
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Chloroplasts
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Fig. 10.2b
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Chloroplasts• plant cell organelles where photosynthesis
takes place, found mainly in mesophyll layers in leaves
• have an inner and outer membrane
• the liquid material in the chloroplast is called the stroma
• Stroma contains a series of membrane bound sacs called thylakoids which are stacked on top of one another to form grana
• adjacent grana are linked together by lamellae
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• Photosynthesis occurs partly within the stroma and partly within the thylakoid membrane
• The thylakoid membrane contains light-gathering pigments and an electron transport chain
• Thylakoid membranes enclose an interior space called the thylakoid lumen
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Overview of Photosynthesis
1. Light reactions2. Dark reactions – Calvin Cycle
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Fig. 10.4
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• When light strikes an object it can be:1) Reflected2) Transmitted3) Absorbed
• Substances that absorb light are called pigments
• Different pigments absorb at different wavelengths
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Pigments
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Chlorophyll
• Chlorophyll is a pigment that absorbs in the red and blue regions of the visible spectrum
• Most of the green wavelengths are reflected so a sample of chlorophyll appears green
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Chlorophyll
•Absorbs red & blue light
•Reflects green light
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Fig. 10.6
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Fig. 10.8
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Energy Storing Compounds
Energy trapped by molecules can be used to lift electrons to a higher energy level.
From that higher energy level the electrons can fall down to their original energy level and do work along the way.
Example – a solar cell that powers a calculator
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Or…
The high-energy electrons can be bound to an electron carrier.
Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide PhosphateNADP+ accepts a pair of high energy electrons
and a Hydrogen ion to become NADPH
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And of CourseATP – Adenosine TriphosphateEnergy storing compound used by every
living cellProvides the energy for almost all cellular
functions
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Function of ATP
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Light Reactions
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Calvin CycleProducts from the light reactions and CO2
from the atmosphere are used to produce carbohydrates
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Autotrophs• Self-feeders:
– sustain themselves without eating or decomposing other organisms
• Plants are photoautotrophs– They use light
• Some bacteria are chemoautotrophs– Produce organic compounds
without light from substances such as S or NH3
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Heterotrophs
• Live on compounds produced by other organisms
• Eat other plants or animals or are decomposers (bacteria or fungi) that eat fallen leaves, feces, dead animals