how do we help children develop self-control skills? · singapore kindergarten impact project: what...
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How do we help children develop self-control skills?
Ng Ee Lynn
Research Scientist
Centre for Research in Child Development, NIE
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At the airport, the air traffic control system helps planes on different runways land and take off safely.
A child’s brain is also like the control tower at a busy airport.
It helps the child to regulate the flow of information, pay attention, plan ahead, as well as to remember and follow rules.
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What are self-control (executive functioning) skills?
Interacting with others
Being able to consider someone else’s
perspectives and ideas.
Keeping information in mind and manipulating
it in some way.
Working memory Cognitive flexibility Inhibitory control
Thinking about something in multiple
ways, shifting attention in response to different demands.
Intentionally suppressing attention
and subsequent responding to
something.50 + 28 = ?
1
4+3
8= ?
Reading a story
Being able to combine different
pieces of information into a coherent
whole.
Learning math
Being able to overcome well-learned rules (e.g., adding whole numbers)
to learn how to add fractions.
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What are self-control (executive functioning) skills?
Keeping information in mind and manipulating
it in some way.
Working memory Cognitive flexibility Inhibitory control
Intentionally suppressing attention
and subsequent responding to
something.
More complex skillsProblem-solving, goal-setting, persistence, emotion regulation
Thinking about something in multiple
ways, shifting attention in response to different demands.
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⚫ Ignore distracting thoughts and noises during lessons
⚫ Remember and follow multi-step instructions
⚫ Set goals (e.g., complete a worksheet before lesson ends) and make a plan to achieve that goal
⚫ Manage frustration during a challenging task
⚫ Work cooperatively with peers during a group activity
Using self-control skills in the classroom
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⚫ Accept friend’s ideas when playing together
⚫ Manage conflicts and disagreements between friends
Using self-control skills at the playground and at home
⚫ Take turns to play with siblings and friends
⚫ Plan and enact a role-playing game with a group of friends
⚫ Manage feelings of anger and disappointment after losing a game
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⚫ Transitions usually involve many challenges and can be a stressful experience⚫ Moving from pre-school to primary school⚫ Transitioning to home-based learning
⚫ Challenges include ⚫ Acquiring new skills⚫ Adapting to a new learning environment and routines⚫ Forming new relationships⚫ Taking on new roles and responsibilities⚫ Developing new social relationships with teachers and peers
⚫ Children with strong self-control skills are better equipped to navigate these challenges
Self-control skills help children to adjust to new environments
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⚫ Self-control skills begin to develop at infancy, and continues to develop throughout adolescence and early adulthood
⚫ These skills undergo rapid growth during early childhood (ages 2 to 6)
⚫ Self-control skills are malleable and are influenced by both positive and negative experiences
Development of self-control skills
Positive experiences• Supportive caregiving• High quality early education• Practice and modelling
opportunities
Negative experiences• Stress• Poverty• Adversity
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Singapore Kindergarten Impact Project:
What have we learned about pre-schoolers’ self-control skills?
⚫ Children’s self-control skills were assessed using a variety of games at entry to K1 and entry to Primary 1.
⚫ At each time point, there was a lot of variation in children’s self-control skills (reflected as a composite score).
⚫ Overall, children showed significant growth in their self-control skills from K1 to Primary 1.
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Singapore Kindergarten Impact Project:
What have we learned about pre-schoolers’ self-control skills?
Better math skills at
Primary 1
Better behavioral
control in the classroom at
K1
Children’s self-control skills at entry to K1 is associated with their math skills at Primary 1.
Better self-control skills at entry to
K1
⚫ Children’s self-control skills were assessed using a variety of games at entry to K1.
⚫ Behavioural control skills were assessed by their K1 teacher at the second half of the K1 year.
⚫ Math skills were assessed using a standardized measure assessing formal and informal math knowledge and skills.
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Tips to help children develop and practice self-control skills
Strong and supportive relationships with parents and teachers are important foundations.
Create a routine and set clear and consistent rules at home and in school
• Allows children to use their self-control skills to practice autonomy
Provide opportunities to practice self-control skills during play
• Children make choices and decisions about who does what and in what order
• Children learn to negotiate with friends and manage conflicts
• Children learn to direct their own play with decreasing adult supervision over time
Provide scaffolding for children to practice more complex skills
At any developmental age, children have different levels of self-control skills and are also likely to develop their skills at a different pace from their peers.
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Thank you!
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Panel Discussion
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Book Recommendations by NLB
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Session 4: How do we help children develop self-control skills?
How to be a superhero called self-controlby Lauren Brukner
https://nlb.overdrive.com.media/2676280#
I Want More: How to Know When I’ve Had Enough
by Dagmar GeislerCall No: English 153.8 GEI
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