how do rivers affect the development of a civilization/city? what do the three rivers mean to the...
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How do rivers affect the development of a civilization/city? What do the three rivers mean to the city of Pittsburgh? How have the three rivers affected the development of Pittsburgh?
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Ancient Kingdoms of the Nile
The Land: Its Geography and Importance
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Landscape
12,000 years ago: Swampland–Egypt Today: Mostly desert
Geographical Factor: Nile River.–Fostered one of the earliest and richest civilizations.
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About the Nile River
The longest river in the world–4,160 miles
Flows from South to North.Forms a large delta
–Empties into the Mediterranean Sea.
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The Nile Fosters Civilization
Flow: S to N allows people to move goods upland (North)
Winds: blew from N to S off of the Med. Sea
–allows boats to sail Southward
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The Nile Fosters Civilization
Nile River: Linked all parts of Nile Valley.–Pathway of travel/trading of goods and ideas.
–Helped Ancient Egyptians unite into one kingdom.
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Flooding: caused by heavy summer rains.–Left rich and fertile soil deposits.
Farmers plan work around annual floods–Harvest crops before flood.–Large crop yields = population growth.*Climate: Sunny and frost free.~ Easy to grow crops.
The Nile and Early Civilization
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The Nile ValleyLocation: surrounded by desert and
sea.–natural protection against invaders.–Built unique culture
Isthmus of Suez: broke the natural barriers.–Land bridge between Africa and
Asia–Route for trade with Middle East
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Early Steps Toward Civilization
Hunter-gatherers: 12,000 B.C.By 3,000 BC: important steps toward civilization.–Developed farming communities.
–Created Tools: Copper/Bronze.
–Developed a writing system.
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Hieroglyphics
~More than 600 signs and pictures- represent words and sounds.
~Carved into stone.
~Later written on papyrus.
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Papyrus
~Plant found in the Nile marshes
~Cut into slices and pressed together.
~Written on with ink.
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Rosetta Stone~Translated Hieroglyphics
–discovered by French soldiers in 1799
~Passages carved in Greek, Hieroglyphics and Demotic.
~Eyewitness account of Egyptian history.