How do I form the subjunctive?How do I form the subjunctive? The verb that follows a wish or The verb that follows a wish or

an expression of opinion will an expression of opinion will be in the subjunctive. be in the subjunctive.

Step 1Step 1:Take the “yo” form of verb :Take the “yo” form of verb

Step 2Step 2 : Remove the “o” : Remove the “o”

Step 3Step 3: Add opposite endings: Add opposite endings

Irregular “yo” Irregular “yo” formsforms “ “-go” verbs-go” verbs

tener tener tengo tengo seguir seguir sigosigo

hacer hacer hago hago salir salir salgo salgo decir decir digo digo venir venir vengo vengo poner poner pongo pongo caer caer caigo caigo traer traer traigo traigo oír oír oigo oigo

Irregular “yo” Irregular “yo” formsforms

Verbs that end in “-cer/”-cir”Verbs that end in “-cer/”-cir” Add a “z” in the “yo” formAdd a “z” in the “yo” form

conocer conocer cono conozzcocopertenecer pertenecer pertenepertenezzcoco

conducir conducir condu conduzzcocotraducirtraducir tradu traduzzcocoreducir reducir redu reduzzcoco

Irregular “yo” Irregular “yo” formsforms

Verbs that end in “-Verbs that end in “-ger/”-gir”ger/”-gir”

ggj in the “yo” form j in the “yo” form onlyonly

recoger recoger reco recojjooescoger escoger esco escojjoo

Irregular “yo” Irregular “yo” formsforms

End in “-uer/”-uir”End in “-uer/”-uir” Add a “y”Add a “y”influir influir influ influyyooconstruir construir construconstruyyoo

destruirdestruir destru destruyyoo

Opposite endingsOpposite endings

-ar endings-ar endings

- e- e - emos- emos

- es- es - éis- éis

- e- e - en- en

Opposite endingsOpposite endings

hablarhablar

hablehable hablemoshablemos

hableshables habléis habléis

hablehable hablenhablen

Opposite endingsOpposite endings

-er / -ir endings-er / -ir endings

- a- a - amos- amos

- as- as - áis- áis

- a- a - an- an

Opposite endingsOpposite endings

tenertener

tengatenga tengamostengamos

tengastengas tengáis tengáis

tengatenga tengantengan

How do I form the subjunctive?How do I form the subjunctive? There are only 5 irregulars: There are only 5 irregulars:

dar, estar, ir, saber, serdar, estar, ir, saber, ser

(doy, estoy, voy, sé, soy)(doy, estoy, voy, sé, soy)

haber: haber:

Indicative:Indicative: hay (there is / there are)hay (there is / there are)

Subjunctive: hayaSubjunctive: haya

Opposite endingsOpposite endings

dar – dar – to giveto give

- dé- dé - demos- demos

- des- des - deis- deis

- dé- dé - den- den

Opposite endingsOpposite endings

estar – estar – to beto be

- esté- esté - - estemosestemos

- estés- estés - estéis- estéis

- esté- esté - estén- estén

Opposite endingsOpposite endings

ir – ir – to goto go

- vaya- vaya - - vayamosvayamos

- vayas- vayas - vayáis- vayáis

- vaya- vaya - vayan- vayan

Opposite endingsOpposite endings

ser – ser – to beto be

- sea- sea - seamos- seamos

- seas- seas - seáis- seáis

- sea- sea - sean- sean

Opposite endingsOpposite endings

saber – saber – to knowto know

- sepa- sepa - - sepamossepamos

- sepas- sepas - sepáis- sepáis

- sepa- sepa - sepan- sepan

How do I form the subjunctive?How do I form the subjunctive? There are 3 spelling changes: There are 3 spelling changes: -gar g -gar g gu gu -car-car c c qu qu -zar-zar z z c c -ar verbs only-ar verbs only change takes place in all formschange takes place in all forms tocar : Yo toquetocar : Yo toque

Opposite endingsOpposite endings

pagar- to paypagar- to pay

- pague- pague - - paguemospaguemos

- pagues- pagues - paguéis- paguéis

- pague- pague -paguen-paguen

Opposite endingsOpposite endings

buscar-to look forbuscar-to look for

- busque- busque - - busquemosbusquemos

- busques- busques - busquéis- busquéis

- busque- busque -busquen-busquen

How do I form the subjunctive?How do I form the subjunctive? Stem changing verbs: Stem changing verbs: -ar and –er verbs have the -ar and –er verbs have the

same change in the boot as in same change in the boot as in the present tensethe present tense

e ie

o ue

Opposite endingsOpposite endings

cerrar-cerrar-to closeto close

- cierre- cierre - cerremos- cerremos

- cierres- cierres - cerréis- cerréis

- cierre- cierre - cierren- cierren

Stem Changing Stem Changing VerbsVerbs

ee ie “-ar” verbs ie “-ar” verbsempezarempezar - - recomendarrecomendar

comenzarcomenzarpensarpensarsentarsesentarsecerrar cerrar despertarsedespertarse

Stem Changing Stem Changing VerbsVerbs

oo ue “-ar” ue “-ar” verbsverbs

almorzaralmorzaracostarseacostarseencontrarencontrarjugarjugar

Stem Changing Stem Changing VerbsVerbs

ee ie “-er” ie “-er” verbsverbs

quererquererperderperderentenderentenderencenderencender

Stem Changing Stem Changing VerbsVerbs oo ue “-er” verbs ue “-er” verbs

poder poder volvervolver

How do I form the subjunctive?How do I form the subjunctive? Stem changing verbs: Stem changing verbs: -ir verbs have 3 different rules-ir verbs have 3 different rules 1) e 1) e ie verbs ie verbs

Change eChange e ie in the boot ie in the boot andand ee i outside the boot i outside the boot

e ie

e i

Opposite endingsOpposite endings

-mentir – -mentir – to lieto lie

- mienta- mienta - mintamos- mintamos

- mientas- mientas - mintáis- mintáis

- mienta- mienta - mientan- mientan

Stem Changing Stem Changing VerbsVerbs

ee ie “-ir” verbs ie “-ir” verbsdivertirsedivertirsehervirhervirsentirsesentirsepreferirpreferirmentirmentirsugerirsugerir

How do I form the subjunctive?How do I form the subjunctive? Stem changing verbs: Stem changing verbs: -ir verbs have 3 different rules-ir verbs have 3 different rules 2) o 2) o ue verbs ue verbs

Change oChange o ue in the boot ue in the boot andand oo u outside the boot u outside the boot

o ue

o u

Opposite endingsOpposite endings

-dormir – -dormir – to sleepto sleep

- duerma- duerma - durmamos- durmamos

- duermas- duermas - durmáis- durmáis

- duerma- duerma - duerman- duerman

Stem Changing Stem Changing VerbsVerbsoo ue “-ir” verbs ue “-ir” verbs

dormirdormirmorirmorir

How do I form the subjunctive?How do I form the subjunctive?

3) e 3) e i verbs i verbs Change eChange e i in the boot i in the boot andand

ee i outside the boot (same for i outside the boot (same for entire verb)entire verb)

e i

e i

Opposite endingsOpposite endings

-vestirse –-vestirse –to get dressedto get dressed

- me vista- me vista - nos vistamos- nos vistamos

- te vistas - os vistáis- te vistas - os vistáis

- se vista - se vistan- se vista - se vistan

Stem Changing Stem Changing VerbsVerbs ee i “-ir” verbs only i “-ir” verbs only

vestirsevestirseservirservirpedirpedirseguirseguirconseguirconseguirrepetirrepetirreírreírfreírfreír