How Did They Fall?How Did They Not Fall?

IntroductionWTC 7 also “collapsed”

due to “fire” and “gravity” on that day:

It was not struck by aircraft

Introduction

American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE) study;

Federal Emergency Management Agency Building Performance Assessment (FEMA BPA);

9/11 Commission and it’s Report;

National Institute of Standards & Technology (NIST) WTC 1 and 2 study and report

NIST WTC 7 study and report

Introduction

Budget of 17.5 million dollars,

Staff of hundreds

3 year study

10000 page final report

NIST admits they do not know what caused global collapse of the Twin Towers.

Introduction

N and S Towers

• Historical Background• NIST vs Physical Evidence• Not addressed by NIST• Independent research (Steve Jones et al)• NIST vs the Engineering Community • Appendices

Some Historical Background Worthington, Skilling, Helle and Jackson

structural engineering firm of record

for the WTC tower construction

1966 - 1970

John Skilling and Leslie Robertson

Principle engineers

Some Historical Background

Steel framed reinforced high rise structures

have never before or since 9/11 collapsed due to fire

Hotel Mandarin

 Madrid Spain Beijing

Some Historical BackgroundCivilians, and over 100 FDNY firefighters

reported explosions in the towers

Some Historical Background:Demolition Experts

2001: Bent Lund, Jens Claus Hansen,

NATO General Keld Hillingsoe

Hugo Bachmann

Van Romero, Mark Taylor

Van Romero

later publicly recanted

2007: Danny Joewenko

Confirms WTC7 CD

Some Historical Background

Some Historical Background$elling out the Investigation

Bill Manning 2002

•Half baked farce

•Destruction of evidence illegal

(City of NY rapidly recycled

300,000 tons of steel from WTC)

NIST Analysis Based on “Descending block” scenario:

Analysis only done up to image 4

Image 5 shows beginning of “global collapse”

NIST argument

For global collapse There was no analysis

only the NIST mantra:

“The change in potential energy due to downward movement of building mass above the buckled columns exceeded the strain energy that could have been absorbed by the structure. Global collapse then ensued.”

NIST argument

NIST mantra says fewer lighter floors above aircraft impact out-

crushed the more numerous and more massive floors below

I-Beams above 85th floor

Square beams on lower floors

The biggest problem it turns out… There was no “upper block”

Upper 34 floors of S. Tower begin to rotate

Angular momentum would carry block away

South Tower Reality:Angular rotation stops

Upper block disintegrates in mid air

North Tower Reality:There was no “upper block”

Floors above aircraft impact disintegrate while falling on the lower tower.

Note the top of the “upper block” has fallen considerably,While the top of the “lower block” has moved very little

Kevin Ryan blows the whistleUL: Floor trusses: ASTM E 119Subjected to 1000 deg. C for two hoursWith specified loading35 ft trusses passed test NIST: No significant steel temperatures over 625 deg. C [steel conducts heat from source]NIST: floor trusses and columns weakened and collapsed on impact floors

N. Tower: Fuel burns up in 8 minutesS. Tower: More fuel burns outside

Impact at 9:03

S. Tower reality: About 9:41 No hot fire

S. Tower Reality: Internal fires not severe

911 Commision Report notes:

“Lost Tape”radio transmissions:

Battalion Chief Orio Palmer reached the impact floors in the South tower, seconds before it fell,

His men only saw a few small pockets of fire, and thought they had the situation under control

244 Perimeter 47 Core  

NIST: loads on perimeter columns

ENR: loads on perimeter columns

Structural damage

Abdolhasan Astaneh Asl, NSF Grant

"The impact did nothing to this building."

NIST simulation of aircraft damage to S Tower

Not addressed by NISTWTC1, 2 , and 7 fell at close to free fall speedImplies lower floors offered little resistance

Removal of core columns could cause this

Not addressed by NIST• N Tower antenna seems to move downward

• No façade motion

• Noted by FEMA and NYT

• Suggests core columns severed

• NIST calls motion “lateral” with no analysis

Not addressed by NIST

Squibs (detonator or dud charges) which the “collapse” overtakes:

This was not dust blowing out of collapsing floors

Not addressed by NIST

Massive material thrown laterally up to 500 ft;

Penetrates into surrounding structures

Beam assemblies weighed tons

Not addressed by NIST

complete pulverization of virtually all concrete into a pyroclastic cloud.

Not addressed by NIST

Afterglow recorded in multiple videos of the tower collapses.

Not addressed by NIST

Pools of molten metal in WTC1,2, and 7 basements, 6 weeks after 9/11

Not addressed by NISTSteel melted and vaporized to razor sharp thinness

by a eutectic mixture of sulfur.

[images from Appendix C of FEMA Report]

Steven Jones asks an important question:

How can a Gravitational “collapse”:

Occur at free fall speed

Pulverize concrete to a pyroclastic flow;

Cause melted metal in basements;

Vaporize steel columns in mid-air;

Throw massive steel structures 500 ft laterally

Burn or melt thousands of cars and trucks

Research: Steven JonesSouth Tower

Molten metal flowing well below aircraft impact

(attributed by NIST to aircraft aluminum)

Research: Steven Jones

Iron rich slag

Ash emissions

Jones thought all of these observations were consistent with the use of thermite

Research: Steven Jones

Thermite: iron oxide + aluminum powderProduces: aluminum oxide + heat + ironHot enough to evaporate iron & steel

Thermite + sulfur produces thermateAccelerates thermite reaction

Remember Appendix C of FEMA report:Sulfur found which produced a eutechtic reaction

Steven Jones et al WTC Dust

6%: Metallic microspheres: once molten iron rich droplets Were once vaporized iron

Highly energetic (reactive)Red and grey bi-layered chips:Red layer: high tech nano-particlesProduces metallic microspheresCarbon: gas/explosive effectNano thermite: Livermore Labs

NIST vs The engineering community

The British construction industry magazine New Civil Engineer International (NCEI) Has posted articles critical of the NIST studyRaising such issues as:• NIST continually changing it’s story • NIST “refusing to show computer

visualizations (ie simulations) of the [global] collapse”

NIST vs The Engineering Community Jon Magnusson, CEO of Magnusson Klemencic

Associates, based in Seattle WA

Seattle Seattle

vs NIST

NIST vs The engineering community

NIST vs The engineering community

James Quintiere, PhD,

• One of the world’s leading fire science researchers

• Former Chief of the Fire Science Division of NIST

• Objected to certain aspects of the NIST investigation

• Has called for an independent review.

 

NIST vs The engineering community

Architects and Engineers for 9/11 Truth (www.ae911truth.org), founded by Richard Gage in 2006, is the preeminent organization in the engineering community looking closely at the fall of the WTC buildings

Currently 1500+ architecture and engineering professionals have signed the AE petition asking Congress for a serious investigation into the destruction of the WTC buildings

NIST vs The fire engineering community

Erik Lawer, Seattle area firefighter, founded Firefighters for 9-11 Truth

The website states:

"...NFPA (National Fire Protection Association) 921, which is the National Standard for Fire and

Explosion Investigations, very clearly indicates … that the possibility of explosives

should have been thoroughly investigated. [But was not]

How all three buildings fell

Shared features in fall of WTC 1, 2, 7:

Perfectly symmetric at or near free fall speed

Pyro cloud

Eroded/vaporized steel

Molten metal in basement

Squibs

Red and Grey chips/microspheres

To be Released Sept 1 2011

Appendix 1: Structural details of the towers

Each tower was 1375 ft. tall, with 110 floors of 12.5 ft. height

Each consisted of a perimeter of 244 structural steel columns forming a square plan, with horizontal bracing (spandrels) and extremely rigid chamfered corners.

  

The building cores, of dimensions 79X139 ft., was a veritable forest of 47 columns, horizontal and diagonal cross braced.

 

The 47 core columns varied in thickness with floor height. Individual core columns in the lower core measured 52 x 22 in. (in plan), and were formed of 5 and 3 inch plate into almost solid steel shafts that weighed up to 56 tons. This construction changed to relatively light I-beam cross section above the 85th floor.

Appendix 2Other problems with descending block scenario

• FEMA, notes the average core box column cross section construction changed to relatively light I-beam cross section above the 85th floor

• S tower impact at 78-85th floor

• N tower impact at 94-98th floor

Appendix 2Other problems with descending block scenario

Stress of the Impact of an “upper block” with a “lower block” will be propagated rapidly through the entire structure. This propagation will absorb energy, and the question is, as in the case of an elastic spring, how much energy can the structure absorb without breaking.

Appendix 2Other problems with descending block scenario

Gordon Ross did such an analysis, and found that the lower floors would stretch enough to absorb the energy of impact

NIST provided no such momentum transfer analysis

Appendix 3Other problems with descending block scenario

Intact portions of tower, apparently hanging in mid air above the “collapse wave”

Appendix 2Other problems with descending block scenario

Official stories inconsistent• In 2006, Implosion World published a paper on

how the tower destruction was NOT like a CD• Author notes that 95% of the debris fell outside

the building footprint. This is inconsistent with NIST’s contention that the huge mass of the upper floors crushed the lower floors

Appendix 3:Documentation and Claims

A document from the Port Authority of New York and New Jersey (PANYNJ) indicated that the impact of a Boeing 707 aircraft was analyzed during the design stage of the WTC towers. The analysis concluded that such a collision “would result in only local damage which could not cause collapse or substantial damage to the building.…”

NIST supporter Eduardo Kausel of MIT argues that the 707 and 767 are comparable aircraft, and that fire caused the collapse.

Appendix 4

Timeline

According to media reports, American Airlines Boeing 767 Flight 11 crashed between floors 94 and 98 of the North Tower at 8:46 a.m. The North Tower collapsed at 10:29 a.m. According to media reports, United Airlines Boeing 767 Flight 175 crashed between floors 78 and 85 of the South Tower at 9:03 a.m. The South Tower collapsed at 9:59 a.m.