how cystic fibrosis affects the lungs symptoms: severe coughing - to remove excess mucus....
DESCRIPTION
How does cystic fibrosis affect the reproductive systems? MenWomen Sperm duct is blocked and prevents movement of sperm During the menstrual cycle the levels of mucus vary. Can lack the sperm ducts Women with CF have thick levels of mucus which can block the cervix so sperm cannot reach them.TRANSCRIPT
How cystic fibrosis affects the lungs
Symptoms: • Severe coughing - to remove excess mucus.• Breathlessness - shortage of oxygen increases tiredness and lack of
energy• Infections - as bacteria are trapped in mucus
Sticky mucus builds up in the airways, reducing flow of air into alveoli. Lungs gradually fill up with mucus, making them less effective for gas exchange.
How does cystic fibrosis affect the reproductive systems?
Men Women
Sperm duct is blocked and prevents movement of sperm
During the menstrual cycle the levels of mucus vary.
Can lack the sperm ducts
Women with CF have thick levels of mucus which can block the cervix so sperm cannot reach them.
How cystic fibrosis affects the digestive system:
Thick, sticky mucus blocks the pancreatic duct preventing enzymes from reaching the duodenum.
Food is not digested and absorbed sufferers fail to put on body mass and suffer malnutrition.
Trapped digestive enzymes damage the pancreatic cells affecting cells producing insulin resulting in diabetes.
What does the CFTR protein do?It helps control the viscosity (or stickiness) of mucus that lines the epithelial cells of the airways, digestive and reproductive systems
too runny: the mucus can flood the airways
mucus
cilia
epithelial cell
If the mucus in airways is…too sticky: the cilia cannot beat and remove the mucus, which then clogs up airways
When there is excess water in the mucus
mucus
tissue fluid
CFTR channel closedNa+
channel open
pump
Na+
Na+
H2O
H2O
Cl-
apical membrane
basal membrane1
2
3
4
5
Water is drawn out of the mucus and it thickens
Cl-
H2O
When there is too little water in the mucus
mucus
tissue fluid
CFTR channel
open
Na+
channel closed
Na+ Na+
H2O
H2O
Cl-
apical membrane
basal membrane
Cl-1
23 4
5
Water is drawn out of the mucus and it becomes less sticky
Na+
H2O
The CFTR somehow blocks the sodium channels
pump
With cystic fibrosis
mucus
tissue fluid
CFTRnon-
functionalNa+
channel open
Na+
H2O
H2O
Cl-
apical membrane
basal membrane
X
Water drawn out by osmosis
12 3
The mucus becomes very thick and sticky
Cl-
H2O
The CFTR protein cannot block the sodium channels so they are always open
Check your answers!
1. Na+ is actively pumped across the basal membrane (bottom part).
2. Na+ diffuses through sodium channels in apical membrane (top part).
3. Cl- diffuses down electrical gradient (basal end of cell becomes more positively charged due to Na+).
4. Water is drawn out of cells by osmosis due to high salt concentration in tissue fluid (basal end).
5. Water is drawn out of mucus by osmosis.
1. Cl- is pumped into the cell.
2. The CFTR channel is open so Cl- ions diffuse through to the mucus.
3. Na+ then diffuses down the electrical gradient (area of negative charge) into the mucus.
4. There is a high concentration of salt in the mucus so water leaves the cell and enters the mucus by osmosis.
5. Water from the basal end of the cell is drawn into the cell by osmosis.
Use your knowledge of functioning CFTR proteins to explain why CF patients cannot control their
mucus fluidity
mucus
tissue fluid
CFTRnon-
functionalNa+
channel open
Na+
H2O
H2O
Cl-
apical membrane
basal membrane
X
Water drawn out by osmosis
12 3
Cl-
H2O
The CFTR protein cannot block the sodium channels so they are always open