how can seismology help constrain the nature of plumes and upwellings? barbara romanowicz uc...
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How can seismology help constrain the nature of plumes
and upwellings?Barbara Romanowicz
UC Berkeley
CIDER’04-KITP
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Possible seismological approaches
• Local tomography
• Converted phases/receiver functions
• Global tomography– elastic velocity, anisotropy, attenuation
• forward modelling of waveforms
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Shen et al., 1999
ICELAND PLUME
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Allen et al., 2002
Iceland
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Shen et al., 1998
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Shen et al., 1998
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Li, Kind et al., 2004
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Montelli et al., 2004
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Montelli et al., 2004
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KH2000 Tokyo’98
SAW24B16 Montelli et al., 2004
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Karason andvan der Hilst,2000
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Long wavelength S velocity model SAW24B16
Mégnin and Romanowicz, 2000
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Depth = 250 km
Panning and Romanowicz, 2004
Radial Anisotropy
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Open symbols:250kmFilled symbols:300kmdiamonds: MARcircles: EPR
Panning and Romanowicz, 2004
Correlation between strength of radial anisotropy and spreading rate
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Mégnin and Romanowicz, 2000
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Anelastic attenuation: QRLW8
Gung and Romanowicz, 2003
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Q: Centered on Africa
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AB CD
“Pacific Superplume”
Q-1
Hawaii
Romanowicz and Gung, 2002
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Romanowicz, 1994, EPSL
Correlation of Q-1 with spreading rate
EPR
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Ekström and Dziewonski, 1998
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Hawaii
Under Pacific: transverse isotropy versus QAnisotropy versus attenuation
Central Pacific
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Montagner and Tanimoto, 1991
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MN
ST
African “superplume”
ElasticSAW24B16
Q-1
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Panning and Romanowicz, 2004
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Panning and Romanowicz,,2004
ISOTROPIC VELOCITY
ANISOTROPY
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Ni et al., 2002
Sharp boundary of the African Superplume
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Forward modelling of fine scale structure
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Toh etal. 2004
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CSEM Synthetics
Toh et al. 2004
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Conclusions
• Combination of elastic, anelastic and anisotropic tomography at the global scale can help constrain large scale flow - in particular the morphology of upwellings
• Need a very large aperture array centered in the Pacific ocean !!
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