how can non-trade concerns in agriculture be best safeguarded? tetsuo ushikusa maff, japan
TRANSCRIPT
How can non-trade concerns in agriculture be best
safeguarded?
Ｍｒ． Tetsuo USHIKUSAMAFF, Japan
1.Overview of Japanese Agriculture.
(1) The largest net food importing country with micro-sized scale farming
●Trade of Foods － Japan,
US, EU Year 2004,Unit:billion $
Export ImportNet
Import
Japan 18 415 397
US 639 599 - 40
EU 741 781 40
●Scale of Farming － Japan, US, EU Date: Japan-2003, US-2002, EU-2000
TCL(10,000ha)
TCL perPerson (ha)
Farm scale per farmer(ha)
Japan 474 0.04 1.7
US 37,971 1.3 178.4
EU 12,679 0.3 18.7
*TCL; Total Cultivated Land
(2) Faced with major challenges
9.99.2 9.7
15.116.2
21.0
0.0
5.0
10.0
15.0
20.0
25.0
耕作放棄地
440
460
480
500
520
540
560
580cultivated land
耕作放棄地うち中山間地域耕地面積
0.0
5.0
10.0
15.0
20.0
25.0
30.0
年少者（総人口）
年少者（農家）
高齢者（総人口）
高齢者（農家）
％
1965 1970 1980 1990 2000
14 or less(total population)
65 or over(farm household)
14 or less(farm household)
65 or over (total population)
1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000
Abandonedland
Cultivatedland
Abandoned land
of which hilly andMountains area
Cultivated land
2. Important Non Trade Concerns for Japan
・ Food Security・ Conservation of Land・ Fostering Water Resources・ Preservation of the National Environment・ Development of Favorable Landscapes・ Maintenance of Cultural Heritage・ Recreation/Relaxation・ Viability of Rural community
Non-trade concern
Multifunctionality of Agriculture
Food Security
Preservation of the National Environment
Other thingsViability of Rural community
Food safety,
Animal protection, etc
（１） Food Security
● Official opinion polls on trade of agricultural products (July,2000)
・ Perception about future food supply in Japan
Very muchSomewhatDon't knowNot muchNot at all
Feel unease
↓
Don’t feelunease
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
'61 '70 '80 '90 '00
FranceGermanyUKUSJ apan
●Continuous decline of Japan’sFood self-sufficiency rate.
(2) Flood Prevention and other function of Agriculture
function estimated value（ billions of yen ）
Flood prevention 3,498.8
River flow stabilization 1,463.3
Groundwater recharge 53.7
Soil erosion(wash-off) prevention 331.8
Landslide prevention 478.2
Breakdown of organic waste
12.3
Climate amelioration 8.7
Restoration of body and mind
2,375.8
Total agricultural Production
value (2002)
8,926.1
Source: Science Council of Japan Nov.2001 Report
Landscape of farmland
Landscape of farmland
Landscape of farmland
Landscape of farmland
Loss of permeability after abandoned
Landslide in abandoned paddy fields
（ Current system ）
Measures in principlefor all farmers
Commodity specific pricesupport and payment
ex :wheat, soybeans, sugar
Measure targeted on principal farmers
Non commodity specific support focused on the overall farm management
（ New system ）
・ Acceleration of the structural reform of agriculture ・ Response to the strengthening of WTO disciplines
3.We are moving to new scheme for domestic support
4. Japan pursue in this Round, the co-existence of various types of Agriculture to be assured, while fully committing to the Doha mandate and to the continuation of policy reform.
Co-existence of various types of agriculture・ Multifunctionality, food security
Domestic agriculture reform -Setting policy target on principle farmers-Promoting effective utilization of farmland-Introduction to new policy for stabilization for farm management from 2007
Establishment of trade rules that have a good balance between agricultural exporting and importing countries-Realistic trade- rules which allow continuation of domestic agricultural reform process-Balance of disciplines among Market Access, Domestic Support and Exports
Contribution to development of developing countries - Adequate Special & Differential Treatment for Developing Countries - Support in combination of improvement of Market Access and Cooperation.( Japan’s
New development Initiative for Trade)
For safeguarding non-trade concern……
eg) in market access:
○Sufficient coverage of sensitive/special products ← to allow the survival of sub-sectors that are critical for the NTC
○Not adopting the concept of tariff capping ← which would ignore the difference of tariff structure among various countries