How are proteins formed?How are proteins formed?

Biosynthesis is a phenomenon wherein chemical compounds are produced from simpler compounds. Biosynthesis takes

place within living organisms and is generally catalyzed by enzymes.

A type of protein

Where do the proteins come from?

is the process in which cells build proteins

Protein biosynthesis (synthesis)

Proteins are formed in the ______________________

Proteins are composed building blocks called______________________

1.Construction Crew2.Building materials3.Construction site4.Blueprints5.Architect

Architect’s office

Construction site

Home Depot

Blueprints

Building

Building materials

Copy of blueprintsBy messenger

MaterialsBy truck

NulceusDNA

CytoplasmAmino acids

RibosomesrRNA

mRNA

tRNA

protein synthesisIs carried out in the cell’s nucleus,

cytoplasm, and ribosomes

Directed by the DNA of the organism

Aided by molecules of RNA

Ribonucleic acid is a nucleic acid made from a long chains of nucleotides.

Each nucleotide consists of a nitrogenous base, a ribose sugar, and a phosphate.

RNA is usually single stranded RNA nucleotides contain ribose

RNA uses the nucleotide Uracil substituted for Thymine

Messenger RNA Ribosomal RNATransfer RNA

is the RNA that carries information from DNA to the ribosome

transfers a specific amino acid to a growing polypeptidechain at the ribosomal site

the protein manufacturing machinery of all living cells

protein synthesisIs carried out in the cell’s nucleus,

cytoplasm, and ribosomes

Directed by the DNA of the organism

Aided by molecules of RNA

CODED

DECODED

Dr. writing a Rx

Pharmacists reading the Rx

Producing the “filled” prescription

EXAMPLE

DNA READS: GTC AAG CAA GAT TAC

mRNA READS: CAG UUC GUU CUA AUGTranscription occurs

the mRNA is created under the direction of

DNAOnly one of the two DNA strands is transcribed

This strand is called the template strand

Transcription occurs in the cell nucleus where DNA is

housed

is the process that converts an mRNA

sequence into a string of amino acids that form a

protein.

protein synthesis

when the mRNA strand moves out of the nucleus and into the cytoplasm.

messenger RNA (mRNA) is decoded to produce a specific protein using specific

amino acids

The tRNA will deliver the appropriate amino acid in the cytoplasm that is

coded for by the mRNA

tRNA

Polypeptide=protein

EXAMPLE

DNA READS: GTC AAG CAA GAT TAC

mRNA READS: CAG UUC GUU CUA AUGTranscription occurs

mRNA READS: CAG UUC GUU CUA AUG

Translation occurs

CONTINUED EXAMPLE

tRNA READS: GUC AAG CAA GAU UAC

tRNA READS: GUC AAG CAA GAU UACAmino acids reads: val – lys – gln – asp - tyr

PRACTICE

• http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/aso/tryit/dna/protein.html

protein synthesis practice