Houston’s 2Houston’s 2ndnd Texas Texas PresidencyPresidency

Title: Title: Houston Regains Presidency Houston Regains Presidency (Chapter 12, Section 3) (Chapter 12, Section 3)

Main Idea: Main Idea: Sam Houston’s return to Sam Houston’s return to the presidency signaled a change in the presidency signaled a change in the government’s economic and the government’s economic and Native American policies. Native American policies. His main His main focus was to return peace, decrease focus was to return peace, decrease the public debt, and prepare Texas the public debt, and prepare Texas for statehood.for statehood.

A Policy Of EconomyA Policy Of Economy

a.a. HoustonHouston regained the presidency in regained the presidency in 18411841. It was his . It was his secondsecond term as president of Texas. term as president of Texas.

b.b. To reduce To reduce debtdebt, he cut , he cut governmentgovernment jobs and jobs and reduced the reduced the sizesize of the army. of the army.

c.c. He tried to sell He tried to sell Navy Navy ships, but angry citizens of ships, but angry citizens of GalvestonGalveston prevented the sale. prevented the sale.

d.d. Houston dishonorably discharged and court-Houston dishonorably discharged and court-martialed martialed Edwin W. MooreEdwin W. Moore, , CommodoreCommodore of the of the Texas Navy, for aiding Texas Navy, for aiding MexicanMexican rebels by rebels by blockading Mexican coast.blockading Mexican coast.

e.e. Despite these attempts to cut costs, the debt of the Despite these attempts to cut costs, the debt of the republic republic increasedincreased, largely because of the , largely because of the high high interest interest that had to be paid.that had to be paid.

The Texas NavyThe Texas Navy

A Temporary PeaceA Temporary Peace

a.a. Houston also Houston also renewed renewed work for work for peacefulpeaceful and and fairfair dealings with the dealings with the Native Native AmericansAmericans. .

b.b. Houston appointed Houston appointed William GoyensWilliam Goyens, a , a free African American and successful free African American and successful businessman, as an businessman, as an agentagent to negotiate to negotiate peace treaties peace treaties with the with the CherokeesCherokees. He . He also served as an also served as an interpreterinterpreter; he spoke ; he spoke Spanish and several Native American Spanish and several Native American languages.languages.

Houston and GoyensHouston and Goyens

Woll Invades TexasWoll Invades Texas

a.a. In September 1842, a In September 1842, a Mexican Mexican army of 1,400 army of 1,400 soldiers led by soldiers led by General Woll General Woll invaded Texas and invaded Texas and occupied occupied San AntonioSan Antonio. .

b.b. The The Texas Rangers Texas Rangers and Texas militia responded and Texas militia responded and drove them out of Texas after some heavy and drove them out of Texas after some heavy fighting.fighting.

c.c. One of the best-known Texas Rangers, was One of the best-known Texas Rangers, was Jack Jack Coffee HaysCoffee Hays, a , a surveyorsurveyor of the Republic of of the Republic of Texas, and a Texas, and a captaincaptain of a Texas Ranger of a Texas Ranger company during the Lamar and Houston’s company during the Lamar and Houston’s presidencies. presidencies.

Jack Coffee Hays – Texas Jack Coffee Hays – Texas RangerRanger

The Mier ExpeditionThe Mier Expedition

a.a. In November 1842, Houston In November 1842, Houston ordered Texas ordered Texas General Somervell General Somervell and 750 troops to and 750 troops to patrol patrol the border the border area from area from San AntonioSan Antonio to to LaredoLaredo. .

b.b. After finding no trace of the After finding no trace of the MexicanMexican army, Somervell ordered army, Somervell ordered his troops back to his troops back to GonzalesGonzales (headquarters for the Texas army).(headquarters for the Texas army).

The Mier ExpeditionThe Mier Expedition

c.c. 300300 men led by men led by Colonel Fisher Colonel Fisher mutinied by attacking the Mexican mutinied by attacking the Mexican town of town of MierMier. .

d.d. Result? The Mexican army of Result? The Mexican army of 900900 men led by men led by General AmpudiaGeneral Ampudia outnumbered the Texans and outnumbered the Texans and forced them to forced them to surrendersurrender after two after two days of fighting. days of fighting.

The Drawing Of The BeansThe Drawing Of The Beans

a.a. As Texas captives were marched to As Texas captives were marched to Mexico CityMexico City, some , some escapedescaped, but later , but later died from died from starvationstarvation and and exposureexposure. . The rest were The rest were recapturedrecaptured. .

b.b. Santa AnnaSanta Anna, now back in power, , now back in power, ordered their punishment. ordered their punishment.

c.c. Of the Of the 176176 men recaptured, men recaptured, 1717 were were to die.to die.

The Drawing Of The BeansThe Drawing Of The Beans

d.d. To determine which men were to be To determine which men were to be executedexecuted, each prisoner drew a , each prisoner drew a beanbean from a from a jarjar containing containing whitewhite and and blackblack beans. Those who drew a beans. Those who drew a blackblack bean were bean were shotshot. .

e.e. The rest of the prisoners were The rest of the prisoners were transferred to a transferred to a prisonprison in in Vera CruzVera Cruz. .