household water conservation
DESCRIPTION
Household Water Conservation. Where is Water Used in PA?. Water Use (million gallons per day). Thermoelectric (not shown) = 5,930. Shifting Population Changes Local Water Use. ~20,000 new wells each year. Wells Drilled 1960-1994. Household Water Use in PA. 1900 5 million residents - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Household WaterConservation
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Where is Water Used in PA?
0
500
1000
1500
2000
Commercial Domestic Industrial Mining Livestock Irrigation
ConsumptiveNon-Consumptive
Thermoelectric (not shown) = 5,930
Wat
er U
se (m
illio
n ga
llons
per
day
)
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Shifting Population Changes Local Water Use~20,000 new wells each year
Wells Drilled 1960-1994
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Household Water Use in PA
• 1900 – 5 million residents– 5 gallons per person per day
• 1995– 12 million residents– 62 gallons per person per day
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Where is Water Used in the Home(69.3 gallons per person per day)
Toilet28%
Washer22%
Shower/Bath19%
Faucet16%
Leaks14%
Dishwasher1%
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Why Conserve Water?• Save money !!
– Energy savings (from heating water)– Water savings (for those that pay for water)
• Conserve your supply for later use• Rebates
– Some utilities offer incentives for conservation• Reduce the load to your septic or sewer system• Make environmentally conscious decisions
when possible
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Achieving Water Conservation
• Changes in habits– Little or no cost– Quick effect– Usually temporary
• Water-saving appliances, fixtures– Can be expensive– Most are easily installed– Very effective– Permanent
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Changes in Habits
•Often touted during droughts•Examples
•Shorter showers•Wait for full laundry loads•Less frequent toilet flushing•Reduce outdoor watering•No car washing
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Toilets
•Largest user of water in most homes
•Average use = 5.1 flushes per person per day
•Conventional = 4 to 5 gallons per flush (gpf)
•New toilets = 1.6 gpf
•1.6 gpf toilets have been required since 1994
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Clothes Washers•Average use = 2.6 loads per week per person
•Conventional = 45 to 51 gallons per load (gpl)
•Front-loading = 27 gpl
•Disadvantages•More expensive initially•Bending to get clothes•Longer wash time
•Advantages•Significant energy savings•Less detergent•Less drying needed•Larger load capacity•Cleaner clothes•Less wear and tear on clothes
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Dish Washer
•50% of homes have one
•Similar water use to hand-washing
•Average use = about 1 load per week per person
•Conventional = about 11 gallons per load
•Water efficient = 4 to 7 gpl
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Other Water-Saving Toilets
•Mostly commercial or recreational uses
•Air-assisted•Utilizes air compressor•About 0.5 gallons per flush•Noisy
•Composting•No water use•Requires careful maintenance •Best for low-use situations
Air-assisted
Composting toilet and composter
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Faucets
•Average use = 4 minutes per day per person
•Conventional = 3 to 6 gallons per minute
•Low-volume = 1.5 gallons per minute (as low as 0.5 gpm for bathroom)
•Very inexpensive
•2.5 gpm faucets required since 1994
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Showerheads
•Average use = 8 minutes per day per person
•Conventional = 3 to 6 gallons per minute
•Low-volume = 2 to 2.5 gallons per minute
•Some have manual shut-off for extra savings
•Very inexpensive
•Savings depend on habits also
•2.5 gpm showerhead required since 1994
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Effect of Water Conservation
0
5
10
15
20
25
Toilet Washer Shower Faucets Dishwasher
Without ConservationWith Conservation
Normal use = 68 gallons per day per personConservation use = 38 gallons per day per person
Wat
er U
se (g
allo
ns p
er d
ay)
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Estimated Annual Water and Energy Savings(family of four)
Water Savings Energy SavingsAppliance (gallons) (kilowatt hours)Low-flush toilet 18,000 0Low-volume showerhead 4,000 500Low-volume faucet 9,000 500Front-loading washer 13,000 1,300Water-efficient dishwasher 600 150 Total 44,600 2,450
Annual Dollar SavingsWater 44,600 gallons @ $0.005 per gallon ~ $225Energy 2,450 Kwh @ $0.08 per kWh ~ $200
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Outdoor Water Conservation
•Outdoor use usually small in PA (< 10%)
•High percentage is evaporated (consumptive use)
•First target of drought restrictions
•Examples•Rain barrels to collect roof water•Drip or soaker hoses for irrigation•Nighttime watering•No car washing, filling pools, etc.
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Water Resources Planning Act(Passed December 2002)
• Objectives– Estimate how much water we have– Determine how much we use– Estimate how much we will need
• Creates a State Water Plan
• Registration of all large water users– Those using >10,000 gallons per day
• Water conservation education and assistance
• Identification of critical water resources planning areas
• Precursor to water resources based planning?