horticulture
TRANSCRIPT
7
Horticulture Base Product
Project Report Horticulture Base Product
College KS School of Business
Management
Div SY [MBA] ndash [A]
Subject Marketing Management
Submitted To Swati Saxena
7
Horticulture Base Product
Group Member
No Roll No Name
1 2003 Dhaval Bhoraniya
2 2010 Budhdhesh Bambhaniya
3 2012 Arvindkumar Chavada
4 2018 Sunil Gandhi
5 2029 Tarunkumar Makwana
6 2043 Mehulkumar Patel
7 2054 Mayankkumar Prajapati
8 2077 Bhaveshkumar Valand
7
Horticulture Base Product
Content
NO NAME PAGE NO
1 INTRODUCTION 4
2 DISTRIBUTIN OF APPLE 7
3 INDIAN APPLE MARKET 8
4 PRICE OF THE APPLE 10
5 MAJOR PROBLEM 12
6 PROFIT IN HORTICULTURE [APPLE] 14
7 PRODUCER 16
8 STOREGE 18
7
Horticulture Base Product
Introduction
What is horticulture
The term Horticulture is derived from two Latin words ie Hortus meaning garden or enclosure and ―Culture meaning cultivation
So horticulture literally means garden culture or culture of garden crops The term―Agriculture refers broadly to the technology of raising plants as per the environmental changes On the other hand ―Horticulture which is a part of agriculture is concerned with the raising of so called garden crops
In olden days staple (food) crops (Paddy Maize Wheat etc) were grown in open fields on a large scale while some crops
7
Horticulture Base Productof special interest like fruits vegetables flowers etc were grown in the back yard of houses in an enclosure
In cases where fruits vegetables and flowers were grown in areas other than backyards they are protected by erecting walls by raising live fences non-live fences etc
As such the term Horticulture in the original sense referred to the cultivation of crops with in the protected enclosure which is often called as a garden Crops grown in a protected enclosure So the culture of crops in gardens is referred as Horticulture
At present fruits vegetables flowers etc are grown not only with in the back yards but also in large areas in open fields on a commercial scale
Traditionally garden crops include fruits vegetables and flowers But todaylsquos horticulture deals not only the fruits vegetables and flowers but also other important crops like spices condiments plantation crops medicinal and aromatic plants etc Besides cultivation of these crops present day horticulture deals with the utilization and improvement of these crops
Hence modern horticulture may be defined as a part of agricultural science which deals with the production utilization and improvement of fruits vegetables flowers ornamentals plantation crops medicinal and aromatic plants etc
Divisions of horticulture
7
Horticulture Base Product Horticulture crops include fruits Vegetables flowers plantation crops Spices condiments Medicinal and Aromatic crops etc In addition to these Horticulture also deals with rising of trees for shade ornamental and avenue purposes planning and raising of ornamental gardens parks and raising of seed and planting material
Further horticulture also deals with the utilization of horticulture produce and improvement of horticulture crops Hence based upon the crops dealt and also their purpose and utilization the branch of horticulture is sub-divided in to the following divisions for convenience
7
Horticulture Base Product
Distribution of apple
A fruit distributor packer performs the function of processing fresh fruits and covering or packaging them while preserving their nutritional value dealing with their distribution Thus he concentrates on marketing functions in connection with fresh produce industry It focuses on packaging and distribution functions which preserve its quality for a longer period of time
The items of daily requirements linked with fruits and vegetables are covered under this and he has to center his attention round the distribution and marketing function of such products These products have a comparatively small life span and hence they need to be given due care while packaging and distribution The fruit distributor packer is accountable for the following duties
Processing of fresh fruits Performing semi-automated operations with the help of
conveyors and other equipment Maintaining continuous flow of fruits and suitable packaging Adjusting of different tools and processes to ensure a smooth
functioning of operations
7
Horticulture Base Product
Indian Apple market
In the 1990primes the Indian economy entered a state of transition when the central government began giving up its protectionist trade policies Reforms in the traded sector gathered momentum especially during the post-Uruguay Round period The first major step towards liberalization occurred in 1997 when the government lifted import licensing restrictions on several food items by moving them into Open General License (OGL) list By 1999 around 470 agricultural products were put on OGL and today restrictions on almost all of the agricultural products once exceeding more than 1400 in number have been eliminated
INDIArsquoS CUSTOMS DUTIES ON SELECT FRESH
FRUIT
Apples 50 Pears 35 Grape Fruit 25
Papaya 30 Banana 30 Kiwi Fruit 30
Plums 25 Guavas 30 Water Melon 30
Mandarins 30 Strawberries 30 Mangoes 30
7
Horticulture Base Product
CUSTOMS DUTIES ON APPLE
India 50 Malaysia 5 Canada 0
Bangladesh 375 European Union 9 Mexico 0
Korea 45 Vietnam 40 New Zealand 0
Dominican 20 Japan 17 Singapore 0
Turkey 603 Saudi Arabia 0 Hong Kong 0
Egypt 40 China 10 United States 0
Distribution channel
7
Horticulture Base Product
Apple is perishable consumer goods itrsquos distribution channel is not very longif the Apple not reach in the market place within 8 hours the farmer hardily get 50 price of market because of perishability
Prices of Apple
KOCHIPUNEAHMEDABAD Fruit prices have risen ahead of the festival season Production shortage and good demand have led to a spike in the prices of apple pineapple and pomegranate Consequently consumers are shifting to cheaper fruits available in the market
Apples in Delhi retail markets sell for Rs 60 to Rs 80 a kg Mother Dairy business head (horticulture) Pradipta K Sahoo said premium apples were being sold in retail by Mother Dairy for Rs 89 a kg At a Reliance store at Ahmadabad Indian apples were sold for Rs 100 a kg and Fuji apples for Rs 110- Rs 120 a kg
For example
Red apple Kashmir in Srinagar
Price- Rs900 box
Red apple is also known as Ambree kashmiri
7
Horticulture Base Product
Annual wholesale average price trend of apple Royal(HP)-2011
NO City Price per qtl
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
Ahmedabad
Chandigarh
Delhi
Hyderabad
Pune
Shimla
Agra
Bhopal
Jaipur
Jammu
Surat
10000
8500
7500
9000
7100
4500
6100
7600
8600
4000
9500
7
Horticulture Base Product
Major Problem
India is agriculture base country most of people depend on their farms for bread and butter But they face many financial Economical Political Infrastructural Environmental Informational social and Religious problems
Large area under old senile plantation
Poor quality of seeds planting material and low rate of
replacement of seeds cultivars
Lack of irrigation
Economy of scales
Inadequate storage and cold chain
Inadequate research extension and credit support
High wastages of the produce (8-37)
Only 08 of produce is processed
Inadequate processing and marketing infrastructure
Inadequate institutional support particularly in hilly region
7
Horticulture Base Product
Lack of awareness about importance of fruits and vegetables as nutritional supplement
Inadequate safety standards infrastructure for quality check and enforcement mechanism
Weak database equipped Departments in States
Poor HRD infrastructure
Little hedge against uncertainty risks
Fragmented land holding
Very poor backward and forward linkages
Poor infrastructure
Lack of post harvest Technology
Poor logistics
Supply Chain Management missing
Problem regarding skilled labour and labor cost
Non Availability of Electricity in rural and small horticulture farmer
7
Horticulture Base Product
Profit in Horticulture
Most of The India farmer have small farm for cultivation under horticulture and because of other burden like High labour cost Lack of technology traditional equipment high risk of crop failure and other problem the profit ratio of horticulture farmer is law in Indiarsquos major states
Apple (Malus pumila) is commercially the most important temperate fruit and is fourth among the most widely produced fruits in the world after banana orange and grape China is the largest apple producing country in the world In India North-Western Indian States of Jammu and Kashmir (JampK) Himachal Pradesh (HP) and in Uttar Pradesh (UP) hills The North-Eastern Hills region
Current price of apple in mandi market on 18th September 2012 average price is 11000 Rs per Quintal the average production of apple and pearls per hector is 38 tones (2008) in Kashmir So the farmer produce 4180000 Rs 38101100 apple in one hector It seems very large amount but some
7
Horticulture Base Product
factors are there to hinder the profit ratio likehellip
High price of seeds Failure of crop because of heavy snow fall High labour charges in hilly region Long distribution channel and Unexpected commission High cost of credit and itrsquos availability
So the cost of production per quintal is 9000 to 9500 Rs Surplus remain after deducting all expenses hardly 2000 to 1500 Rs Per quintal so that a farmer get 76 to 57 lacks Rs In India the farmers hardly found more then large area under apple cultivation because of unstructured land and step method farming
When we think about export About 69 million tones of apples were grown worldwide in 2010 and China produced almost half of this total India stand in 5th number in worlds largest producer India export 313866000 Rs Apple in 2006-07 and 318088000 Rs in April Dec2007 As per the Hindustan Studies amp Services Ltd Export report
7
Horticulture Base Product
PRODUCER
APPLE -
Origin ndash Eastern Europe and Western Asia
Major Producing States In India ndash Jammu amp Kashmir Himachal Pradesh amp Uttaranchal
Latest Production ndash 2891 Lakh Tones
Advance Technology -High density planting on Mailing root stock
Pre-cooling - Forced air
Treatment for quality - Pre storage treatment with Antioxidant within a week of harvesting
7
Horticulture Base Product
The major apple producing belts are
1048655 North West Hill Region
Jammu amp Kashmir (Srinagar Budgam Pulwama Anantnag Baramullah Kupwara) HimachalPradesh (Shimla Kullu Sirmour Mandi Chamba Kinnaur) and Uttranchal (Almora NainitalPithauragarh Tehri Pauri Chamoli Uttarkashi Dehradun)
1048655 North East Hill Region
Arunachal Pradesh (Tawang West Kanneng Lower Subansiri)
Recommended varieties of apple in different states in India
Season Himachal Pradesh
Jammu amp Kashmir
Uttranchal
Early
season
Mid season
Tydemanrsquos Early Michael
Molies Delicious Schlomit
Starking Delicious Red Delicious
Richared Vance Delicious Top Red Lord Lam Oregon
Spor
Irish Peach
Benoni Starkrimson
Razakwar Jonathan Coxrsquos Orange Pippin
Red Gold Queens Apple Rome
Beauty
Early Shanburry Fenny
Benoni Chaubattia Princess
Red Delicious Starking Delicious McIntosh Cortland Golden Delicious
7
Horticulture Base Product
Late season Red GoldGolden Delicious Yellow Newton Granny Smith
King Pippin American
Apirouge Kerry Pippin Sunhari
Chamure
Rymer Buckingham
Storage
APPLE -
The harvest period for apples varies from one variety (cultivar) to another For example Jonathan apples are normally harvested in mid to late September Gardeners therefore should base the harvest time on the maturity of the apples rather than a specific calendar date
There are several indicators of apple maturity Mature apples are firm crisp juicy well-colored and have developed the characteristic flavor of the variety Red color alone is not a reliable indicator of maturity Red Delicious apples for example often turn red before the fruit are mature Fruit harvested too early are astringent sour starchy and poorly flavored Apples harvested too late are soft and mushy
7
Horticulture Base Product
Storage Conditions
Temperature -10 to 00C with exceptionsRelative Humidity 90-95Storage Period 2-8 Months (depends on variety)Freezing Point -170c aprox
When harvesting apples pick and handle the fruit carefully to prevent unnecessary damage Sort through the apples during harvest Remove and promptly use bruised or cut apples Also remove apples which exhibit insect and disease problems Separate the apples by size Use the largest apples first as they dont store as well as the smaller fruit
7
Horticulture Base Product
Once harvested and sorted store the undamaged apples immediately The temperature and relative humidity during storage are critical for maximum storage life Proper storage conditions for apples are a temperature near 32ordmF and a relative humidity between 90 and 95 percent Apple varieties such as Red Delicious stored under optimum conditions may be stored up to 3 to 5 months Apples stored at a temperature of 50ordmF will spoil two to three times faster than those stored at 32ordmF If the humidity during storage is low apples will dehydrate and shrivel
7
Horticulture Base Product
THE END
7
Horticulture Base Product
Group Member
No Roll No Name
1 2003 Dhaval Bhoraniya
2 2010 Budhdhesh Bambhaniya
3 2012 Arvindkumar Chavada
4 2018 Sunil Gandhi
5 2029 Tarunkumar Makwana
6 2043 Mehulkumar Patel
7 2054 Mayankkumar Prajapati
8 2077 Bhaveshkumar Valand
7
Horticulture Base Product
Content
NO NAME PAGE NO
1 INTRODUCTION 4
2 DISTRIBUTIN OF APPLE 7
3 INDIAN APPLE MARKET 8
4 PRICE OF THE APPLE 10
5 MAJOR PROBLEM 12
6 PROFIT IN HORTICULTURE [APPLE] 14
7 PRODUCER 16
8 STOREGE 18
7
Horticulture Base Product
Introduction
What is horticulture
The term Horticulture is derived from two Latin words ie Hortus meaning garden or enclosure and ―Culture meaning cultivation
So horticulture literally means garden culture or culture of garden crops The term―Agriculture refers broadly to the technology of raising plants as per the environmental changes On the other hand ―Horticulture which is a part of agriculture is concerned with the raising of so called garden crops
In olden days staple (food) crops (Paddy Maize Wheat etc) were grown in open fields on a large scale while some crops
7
Horticulture Base Productof special interest like fruits vegetables flowers etc were grown in the back yard of houses in an enclosure
In cases where fruits vegetables and flowers were grown in areas other than backyards they are protected by erecting walls by raising live fences non-live fences etc
As such the term Horticulture in the original sense referred to the cultivation of crops with in the protected enclosure which is often called as a garden Crops grown in a protected enclosure So the culture of crops in gardens is referred as Horticulture
At present fruits vegetables flowers etc are grown not only with in the back yards but also in large areas in open fields on a commercial scale
Traditionally garden crops include fruits vegetables and flowers But todaylsquos horticulture deals not only the fruits vegetables and flowers but also other important crops like spices condiments plantation crops medicinal and aromatic plants etc Besides cultivation of these crops present day horticulture deals with the utilization and improvement of these crops
Hence modern horticulture may be defined as a part of agricultural science which deals with the production utilization and improvement of fruits vegetables flowers ornamentals plantation crops medicinal and aromatic plants etc
Divisions of horticulture
7
Horticulture Base Product Horticulture crops include fruits Vegetables flowers plantation crops Spices condiments Medicinal and Aromatic crops etc In addition to these Horticulture also deals with rising of trees for shade ornamental and avenue purposes planning and raising of ornamental gardens parks and raising of seed and planting material
Further horticulture also deals with the utilization of horticulture produce and improvement of horticulture crops Hence based upon the crops dealt and also their purpose and utilization the branch of horticulture is sub-divided in to the following divisions for convenience
7
Horticulture Base Product
Distribution of apple
A fruit distributor packer performs the function of processing fresh fruits and covering or packaging them while preserving their nutritional value dealing with their distribution Thus he concentrates on marketing functions in connection with fresh produce industry It focuses on packaging and distribution functions which preserve its quality for a longer period of time
The items of daily requirements linked with fruits and vegetables are covered under this and he has to center his attention round the distribution and marketing function of such products These products have a comparatively small life span and hence they need to be given due care while packaging and distribution The fruit distributor packer is accountable for the following duties
Processing of fresh fruits Performing semi-automated operations with the help of
conveyors and other equipment Maintaining continuous flow of fruits and suitable packaging Adjusting of different tools and processes to ensure a smooth
functioning of operations
7
Horticulture Base Product
Indian Apple market
In the 1990primes the Indian economy entered a state of transition when the central government began giving up its protectionist trade policies Reforms in the traded sector gathered momentum especially during the post-Uruguay Round period The first major step towards liberalization occurred in 1997 when the government lifted import licensing restrictions on several food items by moving them into Open General License (OGL) list By 1999 around 470 agricultural products were put on OGL and today restrictions on almost all of the agricultural products once exceeding more than 1400 in number have been eliminated
INDIArsquoS CUSTOMS DUTIES ON SELECT FRESH
FRUIT
Apples 50 Pears 35 Grape Fruit 25
Papaya 30 Banana 30 Kiwi Fruit 30
Plums 25 Guavas 30 Water Melon 30
Mandarins 30 Strawberries 30 Mangoes 30
7
Horticulture Base Product
CUSTOMS DUTIES ON APPLE
India 50 Malaysia 5 Canada 0
Bangladesh 375 European Union 9 Mexico 0
Korea 45 Vietnam 40 New Zealand 0
Dominican 20 Japan 17 Singapore 0
Turkey 603 Saudi Arabia 0 Hong Kong 0
Egypt 40 China 10 United States 0
Distribution channel
7
Horticulture Base Product
Apple is perishable consumer goods itrsquos distribution channel is not very longif the Apple not reach in the market place within 8 hours the farmer hardily get 50 price of market because of perishability
Prices of Apple
KOCHIPUNEAHMEDABAD Fruit prices have risen ahead of the festival season Production shortage and good demand have led to a spike in the prices of apple pineapple and pomegranate Consequently consumers are shifting to cheaper fruits available in the market
Apples in Delhi retail markets sell for Rs 60 to Rs 80 a kg Mother Dairy business head (horticulture) Pradipta K Sahoo said premium apples were being sold in retail by Mother Dairy for Rs 89 a kg At a Reliance store at Ahmadabad Indian apples were sold for Rs 100 a kg and Fuji apples for Rs 110- Rs 120 a kg
For example
Red apple Kashmir in Srinagar
Price- Rs900 box
Red apple is also known as Ambree kashmiri
7
Horticulture Base Product
Annual wholesale average price trend of apple Royal(HP)-2011
NO City Price per qtl
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
Ahmedabad
Chandigarh
Delhi
Hyderabad
Pune
Shimla
Agra
Bhopal
Jaipur
Jammu
Surat
10000
8500
7500
9000
7100
4500
6100
7600
8600
4000
9500
7
Horticulture Base Product
Major Problem
India is agriculture base country most of people depend on their farms for bread and butter But they face many financial Economical Political Infrastructural Environmental Informational social and Religious problems
Large area under old senile plantation
Poor quality of seeds planting material and low rate of
replacement of seeds cultivars
Lack of irrigation
Economy of scales
Inadequate storage and cold chain
Inadequate research extension and credit support
High wastages of the produce (8-37)
Only 08 of produce is processed
Inadequate processing and marketing infrastructure
Inadequate institutional support particularly in hilly region
7
Horticulture Base Product
Lack of awareness about importance of fruits and vegetables as nutritional supplement
Inadequate safety standards infrastructure for quality check and enforcement mechanism
Weak database equipped Departments in States
Poor HRD infrastructure
Little hedge against uncertainty risks
Fragmented land holding
Very poor backward and forward linkages
Poor infrastructure
Lack of post harvest Technology
Poor logistics
Supply Chain Management missing
Problem regarding skilled labour and labor cost
Non Availability of Electricity in rural and small horticulture farmer
7
Horticulture Base Product
Profit in Horticulture
Most of The India farmer have small farm for cultivation under horticulture and because of other burden like High labour cost Lack of technology traditional equipment high risk of crop failure and other problem the profit ratio of horticulture farmer is law in Indiarsquos major states
Apple (Malus pumila) is commercially the most important temperate fruit and is fourth among the most widely produced fruits in the world after banana orange and grape China is the largest apple producing country in the world In India North-Western Indian States of Jammu and Kashmir (JampK) Himachal Pradesh (HP) and in Uttar Pradesh (UP) hills The North-Eastern Hills region
Current price of apple in mandi market on 18th September 2012 average price is 11000 Rs per Quintal the average production of apple and pearls per hector is 38 tones (2008) in Kashmir So the farmer produce 4180000 Rs 38101100 apple in one hector It seems very large amount but some
7
Horticulture Base Product
factors are there to hinder the profit ratio likehellip
High price of seeds Failure of crop because of heavy snow fall High labour charges in hilly region Long distribution channel and Unexpected commission High cost of credit and itrsquos availability
So the cost of production per quintal is 9000 to 9500 Rs Surplus remain after deducting all expenses hardly 2000 to 1500 Rs Per quintal so that a farmer get 76 to 57 lacks Rs In India the farmers hardly found more then large area under apple cultivation because of unstructured land and step method farming
When we think about export About 69 million tones of apples were grown worldwide in 2010 and China produced almost half of this total India stand in 5th number in worlds largest producer India export 313866000 Rs Apple in 2006-07 and 318088000 Rs in April Dec2007 As per the Hindustan Studies amp Services Ltd Export report
7
Horticulture Base Product
PRODUCER
APPLE -
Origin ndash Eastern Europe and Western Asia
Major Producing States In India ndash Jammu amp Kashmir Himachal Pradesh amp Uttaranchal
Latest Production ndash 2891 Lakh Tones
Advance Technology -High density planting on Mailing root stock
Pre-cooling - Forced air
Treatment for quality - Pre storage treatment with Antioxidant within a week of harvesting
7
Horticulture Base Product
The major apple producing belts are
1048655 North West Hill Region
Jammu amp Kashmir (Srinagar Budgam Pulwama Anantnag Baramullah Kupwara) HimachalPradesh (Shimla Kullu Sirmour Mandi Chamba Kinnaur) and Uttranchal (Almora NainitalPithauragarh Tehri Pauri Chamoli Uttarkashi Dehradun)
1048655 North East Hill Region
Arunachal Pradesh (Tawang West Kanneng Lower Subansiri)
Recommended varieties of apple in different states in India
Season Himachal Pradesh
Jammu amp Kashmir
Uttranchal
Early
season
Mid season
Tydemanrsquos Early Michael
Molies Delicious Schlomit
Starking Delicious Red Delicious
Richared Vance Delicious Top Red Lord Lam Oregon
Spor
Irish Peach
Benoni Starkrimson
Razakwar Jonathan Coxrsquos Orange Pippin
Red Gold Queens Apple Rome
Beauty
Early Shanburry Fenny
Benoni Chaubattia Princess
Red Delicious Starking Delicious McIntosh Cortland Golden Delicious
7
Horticulture Base Product
Late season Red GoldGolden Delicious Yellow Newton Granny Smith
King Pippin American
Apirouge Kerry Pippin Sunhari
Chamure
Rymer Buckingham
Storage
APPLE -
The harvest period for apples varies from one variety (cultivar) to another For example Jonathan apples are normally harvested in mid to late September Gardeners therefore should base the harvest time on the maturity of the apples rather than a specific calendar date
There are several indicators of apple maturity Mature apples are firm crisp juicy well-colored and have developed the characteristic flavor of the variety Red color alone is not a reliable indicator of maturity Red Delicious apples for example often turn red before the fruit are mature Fruit harvested too early are astringent sour starchy and poorly flavored Apples harvested too late are soft and mushy
7
Horticulture Base Product
Storage Conditions
Temperature -10 to 00C with exceptionsRelative Humidity 90-95Storage Period 2-8 Months (depends on variety)Freezing Point -170c aprox
When harvesting apples pick and handle the fruit carefully to prevent unnecessary damage Sort through the apples during harvest Remove and promptly use bruised or cut apples Also remove apples which exhibit insect and disease problems Separate the apples by size Use the largest apples first as they dont store as well as the smaller fruit
7
Horticulture Base Product
Once harvested and sorted store the undamaged apples immediately The temperature and relative humidity during storage are critical for maximum storage life Proper storage conditions for apples are a temperature near 32ordmF and a relative humidity between 90 and 95 percent Apple varieties such as Red Delicious stored under optimum conditions may be stored up to 3 to 5 months Apples stored at a temperature of 50ordmF will spoil two to three times faster than those stored at 32ordmF If the humidity during storage is low apples will dehydrate and shrivel
7
Horticulture Base Product
THE END
7
Horticulture Base Product
Content
NO NAME PAGE NO
1 INTRODUCTION 4
2 DISTRIBUTIN OF APPLE 7
3 INDIAN APPLE MARKET 8
4 PRICE OF THE APPLE 10
5 MAJOR PROBLEM 12
6 PROFIT IN HORTICULTURE [APPLE] 14
7 PRODUCER 16
8 STOREGE 18
7
Horticulture Base Product
Introduction
What is horticulture
The term Horticulture is derived from two Latin words ie Hortus meaning garden or enclosure and ―Culture meaning cultivation
So horticulture literally means garden culture or culture of garden crops The term―Agriculture refers broadly to the technology of raising plants as per the environmental changes On the other hand ―Horticulture which is a part of agriculture is concerned with the raising of so called garden crops
In olden days staple (food) crops (Paddy Maize Wheat etc) were grown in open fields on a large scale while some crops
7
Horticulture Base Productof special interest like fruits vegetables flowers etc were grown in the back yard of houses in an enclosure
In cases where fruits vegetables and flowers were grown in areas other than backyards they are protected by erecting walls by raising live fences non-live fences etc
As such the term Horticulture in the original sense referred to the cultivation of crops with in the protected enclosure which is often called as a garden Crops grown in a protected enclosure So the culture of crops in gardens is referred as Horticulture
At present fruits vegetables flowers etc are grown not only with in the back yards but also in large areas in open fields on a commercial scale
Traditionally garden crops include fruits vegetables and flowers But todaylsquos horticulture deals not only the fruits vegetables and flowers but also other important crops like spices condiments plantation crops medicinal and aromatic plants etc Besides cultivation of these crops present day horticulture deals with the utilization and improvement of these crops
Hence modern horticulture may be defined as a part of agricultural science which deals with the production utilization and improvement of fruits vegetables flowers ornamentals plantation crops medicinal and aromatic plants etc
Divisions of horticulture
7
Horticulture Base Product Horticulture crops include fruits Vegetables flowers plantation crops Spices condiments Medicinal and Aromatic crops etc In addition to these Horticulture also deals with rising of trees for shade ornamental and avenue purposes planning and raising of ornamental gardens parks and raising of seed and planting material
Further horticulture also deals with the utilization of horticulture produce and improvement of horticulture crops Hence based upon the crops dealt and also their purpose and utilization the branch of horticulture is sub-divided in to the following divisions for convenience
7
Horticulture Base Product
Distribution of apple
A fruit distributor packer performs the function of processing fresh fruits and covering or packaging them while preserving their nutritional value dealing with their distribution Thus he concentrates on marketing functions in connection with fresh produce industry It focuses on packaging and distribution functions which preserve its quality for a longer period of time
The items of daily requirements linked with fruits and vegetables are covered under this and he has to center his attention round the distribution and marketing function of such products These products have a comparatively small life span and hence they need to be given due care while packaging and distribution The fruit distributor packer is accountable for the following duties
Processing of fresh fruits Performing semi-automated operations with the help of
conveyors and other equipment Maintaining continuous flow of fruits and suitable packaging Adjusting of different tools and processes to ensure a smooth
functioning of operations
7
Horticulture Base Product
Indian Apple market
In the 1990primes the Indian economy entered a state of transition when the central government began giving up its protectionist trade policies Reforms in the traded sector gathered momentum especially during the post-Uruguay Round period The first major step towards liberalization occurred in 1997 when the government lifted import licensing restrictions on several food items by moving them into Open General License (OGL) list By 1999 around 470 agricultural products were put on OGL and today restrictions on almost all of the agricultural products once exceeding more than 1400 in number have been eliminated
INDIArsquoS CUSTOMS DUTIES ON SELECT FRESH
FRUIT
Apples 50 Pears 35 Grape Fruit 25
Papaya 30 Banana 30 Kiwi Fruit 30
Plums 25 Guavas 30 Water Melon 30
Mandarins 30 Strawberries 30 Mangoes 30
7
Horticulture Base Product
CUSTOMS DUTIES ON APPLE
India 50 Malaysia 5 Canada 0
Bangladesh 375 European Union 9 Mexico 0
Korea 45 Vietnam 40 New Zealand 0
Dominican 20 Japan 17 Singapore 0
Turkey 603 Saudi Arabia 0 Hong Kong 0
Egypt 40 China 10 United States 0
Distribution channel
7
Horticulture Base Product
Apple is perishable consumer goods itrsquos distribution channel is not very longif the Apple not reach in the market place within 8 hours the farmer hardily get 50 price of market because of perishability
Prices of Apple
KOCHIPUNEAHMEDABAD Fruit prices have risen ahead of the festival season Production shortage and good demand have led to a spike in the prices of apple pineapple and pomegranate Consequently consumers are shifting to cheaper fruits available in the market
Apples in Delhi retail markets sell for Rs 60 to Rs 80 a kg Mother Dairy business head (horticulture) Pradipta K Sahoo said premium apples were being sold in retail by Mother Dairy for Rs 89 a kg At a Reliance store at Ahmadabad Indian apples were sold for Rs 100 a kg and Fuji apples for Rs 110- Rs 120 a kg
For example
Red apple Kashmir in Srinagar
Price- Rs900 box
Red apple is also known as Ambree kashmiri
7
Horticulture Base Product
Annual wholesale average price trend of apple Royal(HP)-2011
NO City Price per qtl
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
Ahmedabad
Chandigarh
Delhi
Hyderabad
Pune
Shimla
Agra
Bhopal
Jaipur
Jammu
Surat
10000
8500
7500
9000
7100
4500
6100
7600
8600
4000
9500
7
Horticulture Base Product
Major Problem
India is agriculture base country most of people depend on their farms for bread and butter But they face many financial Economical Political Infrastructural Environmental Informational social and Religious problems
Large area under old senile plantation
Poor quality of seeds planting material and low rate of
replacement of seeds cultivars
Lack of irrigation
Economy of scales
Inadequate storage and cold chain
Inadequate research extension and credit support
High wastages of the produce (8-37)
Only 08 of produce is processed
Inadequate processing and marketing infrastructure
Inadequate institutional support particularly in hilly region
7
Horticulture Base Product
Lack of awareness about importance of fruits and vegetables as nutritional supplement
Inadequate safety standards infrastructure for quality check and enforcement mechanism
Weak database equipped Departments in States
Poor HRD infrastructure
Little hedge against uncertainty risks
Fragmented land holding
Very poor backward and forward linkages
Poor infrastructure
Lack of post harvest Technology
Poor logistics
Supply Chain Management missing
Problem regarding skilled labour and labor cost
Non Availability of Electricity in rural and small horticulture farmer
7
Horticulture Base Product
Profit in Horticulture
Most of The India farmer have small farm for cultivation under horticulture and because of other burden like High labour cost Lack of technology traditional equipment high risk of crop failure and other problem the profit ratio of horticulture farmer is law in Indiarsquos major states
Apple (Malus pumila) is commercially the most important temperate fruit and is fourth among the most widely produced fruits in the world after banana orange and grape China is the largest apple producing country in the world In India North-Western Indian States of Jammu and Kashmir (JampK) Himachal Pradesh (HP) and in Uttar Pradesh (UP) hills The North-Eastern Hills region
Current price of apple in mandi market on 18th September 2012 average price is 11000 Rs per Quintal the average production of apple and pearls per hector is 38 tones (2008) in Kashmir So the farmer produce 4180000 Rs 38101100 apple in one hector It seems very large amount but some
7
Horticulture Base Product
factors are there to hinder the profit ratio likehellip
High price of seeds Failure of crop because of heavy snow fall High labour charges in hilly region Long distribution channel and Unexpected commission High cost of credit and itrsquos availability
So the cost of production per quintal is 9000 to 9500 Rs Surplus remain after deducting all expenses hardly 2000 to 1500 Rs Per quintal so that a farmer get 76 to 57 lacks Rs In India the farmers hardly found more then large area under apple cultivation because of unstructured land and step method farming
When we think about export About 69 million tones of apples were grown worldwide in 2010 and China produced almost half of this total India stand in 5th number in worlds largest producer India export 313866000 Rs Apple in 2006-07 and 318088000 Rs in April Dec2007 As per the Hindustan Studies amp Services Ltd Export report
7
Horticulture Base Product
PRODUCER
APPLE -
Origin ndash Eastern Europe and Western Asia
Major Producing States In India ndash Jammu amp Kashmir Himachal Pradesh amp Uttaranchal
Latest Production ndash 2891 Lakh Tones
Advance Technology -High density planting on Mailing root stock
Pre-cooling - Forced air
Treatment for quality - Pre storage treatment with Antioxidant within a week of harvesting
7
Horticulture Base Product
The major apple producing belts are
1048655 North West Hill Region
Jammu amp Kashmir (Srinagar Budgam Pulwama Anantnag Baramullah Kupwara) HimachalPradesh (Shimla Kullu Sirmour Mandi Chamba Kinnaur) and Uttranchal (Almora NainitalPithauragarh Tehri Pauri Chamoli Uttarkashi Dehradun)
1048655 North East Hill Region
Arunachal Pradesh (Tawang West Kanneng Lower Subansiri)
Recommended varieties of apple in different states in India
Season Himachal Pradesh
Jammu amp Kashmir
Uttranchal
Early
season
Mid season
Tydemanrsquos Early Michael
Molies Delicious Schlomit
Starking Delicious Red Delicious
Richared Vance Delicious Top Red Lord Lam Oregon
Spor
Irish Peach
Benoni Starkrimson
Razakwar Jonathan Coxrsquos Orange Pippin
Red Gold Queens Apple Rome
Beauty
Early Shanburry Fenny
Benoni Chaubattia Princess
Red Delicious Starking Delicious McIntosh Cortland Golden Delicious
7
Horticulture Base Product
Late season Red GoldGolden Delicious Yellow Newton Granny Smith
King Pippin American
Apirouge Kerry Pippin Sunhari
Chamure
Rymer Buckingham
Storage
APPLE -
The harvest period for apples varies from one variety (cultivar) to another For example Jonathan apples are normally harvested in mid to late September Gardeners therefore should base the harvest time on the maturity of the apples rather than a specific calendar date
There are several indicators of apple maturity Mature apples are firm crisp juicy well-colored and have developed the characteristic flavor of the variety Red color alone is not a reliable indicator of maturity Red Delicious apples for example often turn red before the fruit are mature Fruit harvested too early are astringent sour starchy and poorly flavored Apples harvested too late are soft and mushy
7
Horticulture Base Product
Storage Conditions
Temperature -10 to 00C with exceptionsRelative Humidity 90-95Storage Period 2-8 Months (depends on variety)Freezing Point -170c aprox
When harvesting apples pick and handle the fruit carefully to prevent unnecessary damage Sort through the apples during harvest Remove and promptly use bruised or cut apples Also remove apples which exhibit insect and disease problems Separate the apples by size Use the largest apples first as they dont store as well as the smaller fruit
7
Horticulture Base Product
Once harvested and sorted store the undamaged apples immediately The temperature and relative humidity during storage are critical for maximum storage life Proper storage conditions for apples are a temperature near 32ordmF and a relative humidity between 90 and 95 percent Apple varieties such as Red Delicious stored under optimum conditions may be stored up to 3 to 5 months Apples stored at a temperature of 50ordmF will spoil two to three times faster than those stored at 32ordmF If the humidity during storage is low apples will dehydrate and shrivel
7
Horticulture Base Product
THE END
7
Horticulture Base Product
Introduction
What is horticulture
The term Horticulture is derived from two Latin words ie Hortus meaning garden or enclosure and ―Culture meaning cultivation
So horticulture literally means garden culture or culture of garden crops The term―Agriculture refers broadly to the technology of raising plants as per the environmental changes On the other hand ―Horticulture which is a part of agriculture is concerned with the raising of so called garden crops
In olden days staple (food) crops (Paddy Maize Wheat etc) were grown in open fields on a large scale while some crops
7
Horticulture Base Productof special interest like fruits vegetables flowers etc were grown in the back yard of houses in an enclosure
In cases where fruits vegetables and flowers were grown in areas other than backyards they are protected by erecting walls by raising live fences non-live fences etc
As such the term Horticulture in the original sense referred to the cultivation of crops with in the protected enclosure which is often called as a garden Crops grown in a protected enclosure So the culture of crops in gardens is referred as Horticulture
At present fruits vegetables flowers etc are grown not only with in the back yards but also in large areas in open fields on a commercial scale
Traditionally garden crops include fruits vegetables and flowers But todaylsquos horticulture deals not only the fruits vegetables and flowers but also other important crops like spices condiments plantation crops medicinal and aromatic plants etc Besides cultivation of these crops present day horticulture deals with the utilization and improvement of these crops
Hence modern horticulture may be defined as a part of agricultural science which deals with the production utilization and improvement of fruits vegetables flowers ornamentals plantation crops medicinal and aromatic plants etc
Divisions of horticulture
7
Horticulture Base Product Horticulture crops include fruits Vegetables flowers plantation crops Spices condiments Medicinal and Aromatic crops etc In addition to these Horticulture also deals with rising of trees for shade ornamental and avenue purposes planning and raising of ornamental gardens parks and raising of seed and planting material
Further horticulture also deals with the utilization of horticulture produce and improvement of horticulture crops Hence based upon the crops dealt and also their purpose and utilization the branch of horticulture is sub-divided in to the following divisions for convenience
7
Horticulture Base Product
Distribution of apple
A fruit distributor packer performs the function of processing fresh fruits and covering or packaging them while preserving their nutritional value dealing with their distribution Thus he concentrates on marketing functions in connection with fresh produce industry It focuses on packaging and distribution functions which preserve its quality for a longer period of time
The items of daily requirements linked with fruits and vegetables are covered under this and he has to center his attention round the distribution and marketing function of such products These products have a comparatively small life span and hence they need to be given due care while packaging and distribution The fruit distributor packer is accountable for the following duties
Processing of fresh fruits Performing semi-automated operations with the help of
conveyors and other equipment Maintaining continuous flow of fruits and suitable packaging Adjusting of different tools and processes to ensure a smooth
functioning of operations
7
Horticulture Base Product
Indian Apple market
In the 1990primes the Indian economy entered a state of transition when the central government began giving up its protectionist trade policies Reforms in the traded sector gathered momentum especially during the post-Uruguay Round period The first major step towards liberalization occurred in 1997 when the government lifted import licensing restrictions on several food items by moving them into Open General License (OGL) list By 1999 around 470 agricultural products were put on OGL and today restrictions on almost all of the agricultural products once exceeding more than 1400 in number have been eliminated
INDIArsquoS CUSTOMS DUTIES ON SELECT FRESH
FRUIT
Apples 50 Pears 35 Grape Fruit 25
Papaya 30 Banana 30 Kiwi Fruit 30
Plums 25 Guavas 30 Water Melon 30
Mandarins 30 Strawberries 30 Mangoes 30
7
Horticulture Base Product
CUSTOMS DUTIES ON APPLE
India 50 Malaysia 5 Canada 0
Bangladesh 375 European Union 9 Mexico 0
Korea 45 Vietnam 40 New Zealand 0
Dominican 20 Japan 17 Singapore 0
Turkey 603 Saudi Arabia 0 Hong Kong 0
Egypt 40 China 10 United States 0
Distribution channel
7
Horticulture Base Product
Apple is perishable consumer goods itrsquos distribution channel is not very longif the Apple not reach in the market place within 8 hours the farmer hardily get 50 price of market because of perishability
Prices of Apple
KOCHIPUNEAHMEDABAD Fruit prices have risen ahead of the festival season Production shortage and good demand have led to a spike in the prices of apple pineapple and pomegranate Consequently consumers are shifting to cheaper fruits available in the market
Apples in Delhi retail markets sell for Rs 60 to Rs 80 a kg Mother Dairy business head (horticulture) Pradipta K Sahoo said premium apples were being sold in retail by Mother Dairy for Rs 89 a kg At a Reliance store at Ahmadabad Indian apples were sold for Rs 100 a kg and Fuji apples for Rs 110- Rs 120 a kg
For example
Red apple Kashmir in Srinagar
Price- Rs900 box
Red apple is also known as Ambree kashmiri
7
Horticulture Base Product
Annual wholesale average price trend of apple Royal(HP)-2011
NO City Price per qtl
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
Ahmedabad
Chandigarh
Delhi
Hyderabad
Pune
Shimla
Agra
Bhopal
Jaipur
Jammu
Surat
10000
8500
7500
9000
7100
4500
6100
7600
8600
4000
9500
7
Horticulture Base Product
Major Problem
India is agriculture base country most of people depend on their farms for bread and butter But they face many financial Economical Political Infrastructural Environmental Informational social and Religious problems
Large area under old senile plantation
Poor quality of seeds planting material and low rate of
replacement of seeds cultivars
Lack of irrigation
Economy of scales
Inadequate storage and cold chain
Inadequate research extension and credit support
High wastages of the produce (8-37)
Only 08 of produce is processed
Inadequate processing and marketing infrastructure
Inadequate institutional support particularly in hilly region
7
Horticulture Base Product
Lack of awareness about importance of fruits and vegetables as nutritional supplement
Inadequate safety standards infrastructure for quality check and enforcement mechanism
Weak database equipped Departments in States
Poor HRD infrastructure
Little hedge against uncertainty risks
Fragmented land holding
Very poor backward and forward linkages
Poor infrastructure
Lack of post harvest Technology
Poor logistics
Supply Chain Management missing
Problem regarding skilled labour and labor cost
Non Availability of Electricity in rural and small horticulture farmer
7
Horticulture Base Product
Profit in Horticulture
Most of The India farmer have small farm for cultivation under horticulture and because of other burden like High labour cost Lack of technology traditional equipment high risk of crop failure and other problem the profit ratio of horticulture farmer is law in Indiarsquos major states
Apple (Malus pumila) is commercially the most important temperate fruit and is fourth among the most widely produced fruits in the world after banana orange and grape China is the largest apple producing country in the world In India North-Western Indian States of Jammu and Kashmir (JampK) Himachal Pradesh (HP) and in Uttar Pradesh (UP) hills The North-Eastern Hills region
Current price of apple in mandi market on 18th September 2012 average price is 11000 Rs per Quintal the average production of apple and pearls per hector is 38 tones (2008) in Kashmir So the farmer produce 4180000 Rs 38101100 apple in one hector It seems very large amount but some
7
Horticulture Base Product
factors are there to hinder the profit ratio likehellip
High price of seeds Failure of crop because of heavy snow fall High labour charges in hilly region Long distribution channel and Unexpected commission High cost of credit and itrsquos availability
So the cost of production per quintal is 9000 to 9500 Rs Surplus remain after deducting all expenses hardly 2000 to 1500 Rs Per quintal so that a farmer get 76 to 57 lacks Rs In India the farmers hardly found more then large area under apple cultivation because of unstructured land and step method farming
When we think about export About 69 million tones of apples were grown worldwide in 2010 and China produced almost half of this total India stand in 5th number in worlds largest producer India export 313866000 Rs Apple in 2006-07 and 318088000 Rs in April Dec2007 As per the Hindustan Studies amp Services Ltd Export report
7
Horticulture Base Product
PRODUCER
APPLE -
Origin ndash Eastern Europe and Western Asia
Major Producing States In India ndash Jammu amp Kashmir Himachal Pradesh amp Uttaranchal
Latest Production ndash 2891 Lakh Tones
Advance Technology -High density planting on Mailing root stock
Pre-cooling - Forced air
Treatment for quality - Pre storage treatment with Antioxidant within a week of harvesting
7
Horticulture Base Product
The major apple producing belts are
1048655 North West Hill Region
Jammu amp Kashmir (Srinagar Budgam Pulwama Anantnag Baramullah Kupwara) HimachalPradesh (Shimla Kullu Sirmour Mandi Chamba Kinnaur) and Uttranchal (Almora NainitalPithauragarh Tehri Pauri Chamoli Uttarkashi Dehradun)
1048655 North East Hill Region
Arunachal Pradesh (Tawang West Kanneng Lower Subansiri)
Recommended varieties of apple in different states in India
Season Himachal Pradesh
Jammu amp Kashmir
Uttranchal
Early
season
Mid season
Tydemanrsquos Early Michael
Molies Delicious Schlomit
Starking Delicious Red Delicious
Richared Vance Delicious Top Red Lord Lam Oregon
Spor
Irish Peach
Benoni Starkrimson
Razakwar Jonathan Coxrsquos Orange Pippin
Red Gold Queens Apple Rome
Beauty
Early Shanburry Fenny
Benoni Chaubattia Princess
Red Delicious Starking Delicious McIntosh Cortland Golden Delicious
7
Horticulture Base Product
Late season Red GoldGolden Delicious Yellow Newton Granny Smith
King Pippin American
Apirouge Kerry Pippin Sunhari
Chamure
Rymer Buckingham
Storage
APPLE -
The harvest period for apples varies from one variety (cultivar) to another For example Jonathan apples are normally harvested in mid to late September Gardeners therefore should base the harvest time on the maturity of the apples rather than a specific calendar date
There are several indicators of apple maturity Mature apples are firm crisp juicy well-colored and have developed the characteristic flavor of the variety Red color alone is not a reliable indicator of maturity Red Delicious apples for example often turn red before the fruit are mature Fruit harvested too early are astringent sour starchy and poorly flavored Apples harvested too late are soft and mushy
7
Horticulture Base Product
Storage Conditions
Temperature -10 to 00C with exceptionsRelative Humidity 90-95Storage Period 2-8 Months (depends on variety)Freezing Point -170c aprox
When harvesting apples pick and handle the fruit carefully to prevent unnecessary damage Sort through the apples during harvest Remove and promptly use bruised or cut apples Also remove apples which exhibit insect and disease problems Separate the apples by size Use the largest apples first as they dont store as well as the smaller fruit
7
Horticulture Base Product
Once harvested and sorted store the undamaged apples immediately The temperature and relative humidity during storage are critical for maximum storage life Proper storage conditions for apples are a temperature near 32ordmF and a relative humidity between 90 and 95 percent Apple varieties such as Red Delicious stored under optimum conditions may be stored up to 3 to 5 months Apples stored at a temperature of 50ordmF will spoil two to three times faster than those stored at 32ordmF If the humidity during storage is low apples will dehydrate and shrivel
7
Horticulture Base Product
THE END
7
Horticulture Base Productof special interest like fruits vegetables flowers etc were grown in the back yard of houses in an enclosure
In cases where fruits vegetables and flowers were grown in areas other than backyards they are protected by erecting walls by raising live fences non-live fences etc
As such the term Horticulture in the original sense referred to the cultivation of crops with in the protected enclosure which is often called as a garden Crops grown in a protected enclosure So the culture of crops in gardens is referred as Horticulture
At present fruits vegetables flowers etc are grown not only with in the back yards but also in large areas in open fields on a commercial scale
Traditionally garden crops include fruits vegetables and flowers But todaylsquos horticulture deals not only the fruits vegetables and flowers but also other important crops like spices condiments plantation crops medicinal and aromatic plants etc Besides cultivation of these crops present day horticulture deals with the utilization and improvement of these crops
Hence modern horticulture may be defined as a part of agricultural science which deals with the production utilization and improvement of fruits vegetables flowers ornamentals plantation crops medicinal and aromatic plants etc
Divisions of horticulture
7
Horticulture Base Product Horticulture crops include fruits Vegetables flowers plantation crops Spices condiments Medicinal and Aromatic crops etc In addition to these Horticulture also deals with rising of trees for shade ornamental and avenue purposes planning and raising of ornamental gardens parks and raising of seed and planting material
Further horticulture also deals with the utilization of horticulture produce and improvement of horticulture crops Hence based upon the crops dealt and also their purpose and utilization the branch of horticulture is sub-divided in to the following divisions for convenience
7
Horticulture Base Product
Distribution of apple
A fruit distributor packer performs the function of processing fresh fruits and covering or packaging them while preserving their nutritional value dealing with their distribution Thus he concentrates on marketing functions in connection with fresh produce industry It focuses on packaging and distribution functions which preserve its quality for a longer period of time
The items of daily requirements linked with fruits and vegetables are covered under this and he has to center his attention round the distribution and marketing function of such products These products have a comparatively small life span and hence they need to be given due care while packaging and distribution The fruit distributor packer is accountable for the following duties
Processing of fresh fruits Performing semi-automated operations with the help of
conveyors and other equipment Maintaining continuous flow of fruits and suitable packaging Adjusting of different tools and processes to ensure a smooth
functioning of operations
7
Horticulture Base Product
Indian Apple market
In the 1990primes the Indian economy entered a state of transition when the central government began giving up its protectionist trade policies Reforms in the traded sector gathered momentum especially during the post-Uruguay Round period The first major step towards liberalization occurred in 1997 when the government lifted import licensing restrictions on several food items by moving them into Open General License (OGL) list By 1999 around 470 agricultural products were put on OGL and today restrictions on almost all of the agricultural products once exceeding more than 1400 in number have been eliminated
INDIArsquoS CUSTOMS DUTIES ON SELECT FRESH
FRUIT
Apples 50 Pears 35 Grape Fruit 25
Papaya 30 Banana 30 Kiwi Fruit 30
Plums 25 Guavas 30 Water Melon 30
Mandarins 30 Strawberries 30 Mangoes 30
7
Horticulture Base Product
CUSTOMS DUTIES ON APPLE
India 50 Malaysia 5 Canada 0
Bangladesh 375 European Union 9 Mexico 0
Korea 45 Vietnam 40 New Zealand 0
Dominican 20 Japan 17 Singapore 0
Turkey 603 Saudi Arabia 0 Hong Kong 0
Egypt 40 China 10 United States 0
Distribution channel
7
Horticulture Base Product
Apple is perishable consumer goods itrsquos distribution channel is not very longif the Apple not reach in the market place within 8 hours the farmer hardily get 50 price of market because of perishability
Prices of Apple
KOCHIPUNEAHMEDABAD Fruit prices have risen ahead of the festival season Production shortage and good demand have led to a spike in the prices of apple pineapple and pomegranate Consequently consumers are shifting to cheaper fruits available in the market
Apples in Delhi retail markets sell for Rs 60 to Rs 80 a kg Mother Dairy business head (horticulture) Pradipta K Sahoo said premium apples were being sold in retail by Mother Dairy for Rs 89 a kg At a Reliance store at Ahmadabad Indian apples were sold for Rs 100 a kg and Fuji apples for Rs 110- Rs 120 a kg
For example
Red apple Kashmir in Srinagar
Price- Rs900 box
Red apple is also known as Ambree kashmiri
7
Horticulture Base Product
Annual wholesale average price trend of apple Royal(HP)-2011
NO City Price per qtl
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
Ahmedabad
Chandigarh
Delhi
Hyderabad
Pune
Shimla
Agra
Bhopal
Jaipur
Jammu
Surat
10000
8500
7500
9000
7100
4500
6100
7600
8600
4000
9500
7
Horticulture Base Product
Major Problem
India is agriculture base country most of people depend on their farms for bread and butter But they face many financial Economical Political Infrastructural Environmental Informational social and Religious problems
Large area under old senile plantation
Poor quality of seeds planting material and low rate of
replacement of seeds cultivars
Lack of irrigation
Economy of scales
Inadequate storage and cold chain
Inadequate research extension and credit support
High wastages of the produce (8-37)
Only 08 of produce is processed
Inadequate processing and marketing infrastructure
Inadequate institutional support particularly in hilly region
7
Horticulture Base Product
Lack of awareness about importance of fruits and vegetables as nutritional supplement
Inadequate safety standards infrastructure for quality check and enforcement mechanism
Weak database equipped Departments in States
Poor HRD infrastructure
Little hedge against uncertainty risks
Fragmented land holding
Very poor backward and forward linkages
Poor infrastructure
Lack of post harvest Technology
Poor logistics
Supply Chain Management missing
Problem regarding skilled labour and labor cost
Non Availability of Electricity in rural and small horticulture farmer
7
Horticulture Base Product
Profit in Horticulture
Most of The India farmer have small farm for cultivation under horticulture and because of other burden like High labour cost Lack of technology traditional equipment high risk of crop failure and other problem the profit ratio of horticulture farmer is law in Indiarsquos major states
Apple (Malus pumila) is commercially the most important temperate fruit and is fourth among the most widely produced fruits in the world after banana orange and grape China is the largest apple producing country in the world In India North-Western Indian States of Jammu and Kashmir (JampK) Himachal Pradesh (HP) and in Uttar Pradesh (UP) hills The North-Eastern Hills region
Current price of apple in mandi market on 18th September 2012 average price is 11000 Rs per Quintal the average production of apple and pearls per hector is 38 tones (2008) in Kashmir So the farmer produce 4180000 Rs 38101100 apple in one hector It seems very large amount but some
7
Horticulture Base Product
factors are there to hinder the profit ratio likehellip
High price of seeds Failure of crop because of heavy snow fall High labour charges in hilly region Long distribution channel and Unexpected commission High cost of credit and itrsquos availability
So the cost of production per quintal is 9000 to 9500 Rs Surplus remain after deducting all expenses hardly 2000 to 1500 Rs Per quintal so that a farmer get 76 to 57 lacks Rs In India the farmers hardly found more then large area under apple cultivation because of unstructured land and step method farming
When we think about export About 69 million tones of apples were grown worldwide in 2010 and China produced almost half of this total India stand in 5th number in worlds largest producer India export 313866000 Rs Apple in 2006-07 and 318088000 Rs in April Dec2007 As per the Hindustan Studies amp Services Ltd Export report
7
Horticulture Base Product
PRODUCER
APPLE -
Origin ndash Eastern Europe and Western Asia
Major Producing States In India ndash Jammu amp Kashmir Himachal Pradesh amp Uttaranchal
Latest Production ndash 2891 Lakh Tones
Advance Technology -High density planting on Mailing root stock
Pre-cooling - Forced air
Treatment for quality - Pre storage treatment with Antioxidant within a week of harvesting
7
Horticulture Base Product
The major apple producing belts are
1048655 North West Hill Region
Jammu amp Kashmir (Srinagar Budgam Pulwama Anantnag Baramullah Kupwara) HimachalPradesh (Shimla Kullu Sirmour Mandi Chamba Kinnaur) and Uttranchal (Almora NainitalPithauragarh Tehri Pauri Chamoli Uttarkashi Dehradun)
1048655 North East Hill Region
Arunachal Pradesh (Tawang West Kanneng Lower Subansiri)
Recommended varieties of apple in different states in India
Season Himachal Pradesh
Jammu amp Kashmir
Uttranchal
Early
season
Mid season
Tydemanrsquos Early Michael
Molies Delicious Schlomit
Starking Delicious Red Delicious
Richared Vance Delicious Top Red Lord Lam Oregon
Spor
Irish Peach
Benoni Starkrimson
Razakwar Jonathan Coxrsquos Orange Pippin
Red Gold Queens Apple Rome
Beauty
Early Shanburry Fenny
Benoni Chaubattia Princess
Red Delicious Starking Delicious McIntosh Cortland Golden Delicious
7
Horticulture Base Product
Late season Red GoldGolden Delicious Yellow Newton Granny Smith
King Pippin American
Apirouge Kerry Pippin Sunhari
Chamure
Rymer Buckingham
Storage
APPLE -
The harvest period for apples varies from one variety (cultivar) to another For example Jonathan apples are normally harvested in mid to late September Gardeners therefore should base the harvest time on the maturity of the apples rather than a specific calendar date
There are several indicators of apple maturity Mature apples are firm crisp juicy well-colored and have developed the characteristic flavor of the variety Red color alone is not a reliable indicator of maturity Red Delicious apples for example often turn red before the fruit are mature Fruit harvested too early are astringent sour starchy and poorly flavored Apples harvested too late are soft and mushy
7
Horticulture Base Product
Storage Conditions
Temperature -10 to 00C with exceptionsRelative Humidity 90-95Storage Period 2-8 Months (depends on variety)Freezing Point -170c aprox
When harvesting apples pick and handle the fruit carefully to prevent unnecessary damage Sort through the apples during harvest Remove and promptly use bruised or cut apples Also remove apples which exhibit insect and disease problems Separate the apples by size Use the largest apples first as they dont store as well as the smaller fruit
7
Horticulture Base Product
Once harvested and sorted store the undamaged apples immediately The temperature and relative humidity during storage are critical for maximum storage life Proper storage conditions for apples are a temperature near 32ordmF and a relative humidity between 90 and 95 percent Apple varieties such as Red Delicious stored under optimum conditions may be stored up to 3 to 5 months Apples stored at a temperature of 50ordmF will spoil two to three times faster than those stored at 32ordmF If the humidity during storage is low apples will dehydrate and shrivel
7
Horticulture Base Product
THE END
7
Horticulture Base Product Horticulture crops include fruits Vegetables flowers plantation crops Spices condiments Medicinal and Aromatic crops etc In addition to these Horticulture also deals with rising of trees for shade ornamental and avenue purposes planning and raising of ornamental gardens parks and raising of seed and planting material
Further horticulture also deals with the utilization of horticulture produce and improvement of horticulture crops Hence based upon the crops dealt and also their purpose and utilization the branch of horticulture is sub-divided in to the following divisions for convenience
7
Horticulture Base Product
Distribution of apple
A fruit distributor packer performs the function of processing fresh fruits and covering or packaging them while preserving their nutritional value dealing with their distribution Thus he concentrates on marketing functions in connection with fresh produce industry It focuses on packaging and distribution functions which preserve its quality for a longer period of time
The items of daily requirements linked with fruits and vegetables are covered under this and he has to center his attention round the distribution and marketing function of such products These products have a comparatively small life span and hence they need to be given due care while packaging and distribution The fruit distributor packer is accountable for the following duties
Processing of fresh fruits Performing semi-automated operations with the help of
conveyors and other equipment Maintaining continuous flow of fruits and suitable packaging Adjusting of different tools and processes to ensure a smooth
functioning of operations
7
Horticulture Base Product
Indian Apple market
In the 1990primes the Indian economy entered a state of transition when the central government began giving up its protectionist trade policies Reforms in the traded sector gathered momentum especially during the post-Uruguay Round period The first major step towards liberalization occurred in 1997 when the government lifted import licensing restrictions on several food items by moving them into Open General License (OGL) list By 1999 around 470 agricultural products were put on OGL and today restrictions on almost all of the agricultural products once exceeding more than 1400 in number have been eliminated
INDIArsquoS CUSTOMS DUTIES ON SELECT FRESH
FRUIT
Apples 50 Pears 35 Grape Fruit 25
Papaya 30 Banana 30 Kiwi Fruit 30
Plums 25 Guavas 30 Water Melon 30
Mandarins 30 Strawberries 30 Mangoes 30
7
Horticulture Base Product
CUSTOMS DUTIES ON APPLE
India 50 Malaysia 5 Canada 0
Bangladesh 375 European Union 9 Mexico 0
Korea 45 Vietnam 40 New Zealand 0
Dominican 20 Japan 17 Singapore 0
Turkey 603 Saudi Arabia 0 Hong Kong 0
Egypt 40 China 10 United States 0
Distribution channel
7
Horticulture Base Product
Apple is perishable consumer goods itrsquos distribution channel is not very longif the Apple not reach in the market place within 8 hours the farmer hardily get 50 price of market because of perishability
Prices of Apple
KOCHIPUNEAHMEDABAD Fruit prices have risen ahead of the festival season Production shortage and good demand have led to a spike in the prices of apple pineapple and pomegranate Consequently consumers are shifting to cheaper fruits available in the market
Apples in Delhi retail markets sell for Rs 60 to Rs 80 a kg Mother Dairy business head (horticulture) Pradipta K Sahoo said premium apples were being sold in retail by Mother Dairy for Rs 89 a kg At a Reliance store at Ahmadabad Indian apples were sold for Rs 100 a kg and Fuji apples for Rs 110- Rs 120 a kg
For example
Red apple Kashmir in Srinagar
Price- Rs900 box
Red apple is also known as Ambree kashmiri
7
Horticulture Base Product
Annual wholesale average price trend of apple Royal(HP)-2011
NO City Price per qtl
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
Ahmedabad
Chandigarh
Delhi
Hyderabad
Pune
Shimla
Agra
Bhopal
Jaipur
Jammu
Surat
10000
8500
7500
9000
7100
4500
6100
7600
8600
4000
9500
7
Horticulture Base Product
Major Problem
India is agriculture base country most of people depend on their farms for bread and butter But they face many financial Economical Political Infrastructural Environmental Informational social and Religious problems
Large area under old senile plantation
Poor quality of seeds planting material and low rate of
replacement of seeds cultivars
Lack of irrigation
Economy of scales
Inadequate storage and cold chain
Inadequate research extension and credit support
High wastages of the produce (8-37)
Only 08 of produce is processed
Inadequate processing and marketing infrastructure
Inadequate institutional support particularly in hilly region
7
Horticulture Base Product
Lack of awareness about importance of fruits and vegetables as nutritional supplement
Inadequate safety standards infrastructure for quality check and enforcement mechanism
Weak database equipped Departments in States
Poor HRD infrastructure
Little hedge against uncertainty risks
Fragmented land holding
Very poor backward and forward linkages
Poor infrastructure
Lack of post harvest Technology
Poor logistics
Supply Chain Management missing
Problem regarding skilled labour and labor cost
Non Availability of Electricity in rural and small horticulture farmer
7
Horticulture Base Product
Profit in Horticulture
Most of The India farmer have small farm for cultivation under horticulture and because of other burden like High labour cost Lack of technology traditional equipment high risk of crop failure and other problem the profit ratio of horticulture farmer is law in Indiarsquos major states
Apple (Malus pumila) is commercially the most important temperate fruit and is fourth among the most widely produced fruits in the world after banana orange and grape China is the largest apple producing country in the world In India North-Western Indian States of Jammu and Kashmir (JampK) Himachal Pradesh (HP) and in Uttar Pradesh (UP) hills The North-Eastern Hills region
Current price of apple in mandi market on 18th September 2012 average price is 11000 Rs per Quintal the average production of apple and pearls per hector is 38 tones (2008) in Kashmir So the farmer produce 4180000 Rs 38101100 apple in one hector It seems very large amount but some
7
Horticulture Base Product
factors are there to hinder the profit ratio likehellip
High price of seeds Failure of crop because of heavy snow fall High labour charges in hilly region Long distribution channel and Unexpected commission High cost of credit and itrsquos availability
So the cost of production per quintal is 9000 to 9500 Rs Surplus remain after deducting all expenses hardly 2000 to 1500 Rs Per quintal so that a farmer get 76 to 57 lacks Rs In India the farmers hardly found more then large area under apple cultivation because of unstructured land and step method farming
When we think about export About 69 million tones of apples were grown worldwide in 2010 and China produced almost half of this total India stand in 5th number in worlds largest producer India export 313866000 Rs Apple in 2006-07 and 318088000 Rs in April Dec2007 As per the Hindustan Studies amp Services Ltd Export report
7
Horticulture Base Product
PRODUCER
APPLE -
Origin ndash Eastern Europe and Western Asia
Major Producing States In India ndash Jammu amp Kashmir Himachal Pradesh amp Uttaranchal
Latest Production ndash 2891 Lakh Tones
Advance Technology -High density planting on Mailing root stock
Pre-cooling - Forced air
Treatment for quality - Pre storage treatment with Antioxidant within a week of harvesting
7
Horticulture Base Product
The major apple producing belts are
1048655 North West Hill Region
Jammu amp Kashmir (Srinagar Budgam Pulwama Anantnag Baramullah Kupwara) HimachalPradesh (Shimla Kullu Sirmour Mandi Chamba Kinnaur) and Uttranchal (Almora NainitalPithauragarh Tehri Pauri Chamoli Uttarkashi Dehradun)
1048655 North East Hill Region
Arunachal Pradesh (Tawang West Kanneng Lower Subansiri)
Recommended varieties of apple in different states in India
Season Himachal Pradesh
Jammu amp Kashmir
Uttranchal
Early
season
Mid season
Tydemanrsquos Early Michael
Molies Delicious Schlomit
Starking Delicious Red Delicious
Richared Vance Delicious Top Red Lord Lam Oregon
Spor
Irish Peach
Benoni Starkrimson
Razakwar Jonathan Coxrsquos Orange Pippin
Red Gold Queens Apple Rome
Beauty
Early Shanburry Fenny
Benoni Chaubattia Princess
Red Delicious Starking Delicious McIntosh Cortland Golden Delicious
7
Horticulture Base Product
Late season Red GoldGolden Delicious Yellow Newton Granny Smith
King Pippin American
Apirouge Kerry Pippin Sunhari
Chamure
Rymer Buckingham
Storage
APPLE -
The harvest period for apples varies from one variety (cultivar) to another For example Jonathan apples are normally harvested in mid to late September Gardeners therefore should base the harvest time on the maturity of the apples rather than a specific calendar date
There are several indicators of apple maturity Mature apples are firm crisp juicy well-colored and have developed the characteristic flavor of the variety Red color alone is not a reliable indicator of maturity Red Delicious apples for example often turn red before the fruit are mature Fruit harvested too early are astringent sour starchy and poorly flavored Apples harvested too late are soft and mushy
7
Horticulture Base Product
Storage Conditions
Temperature -10 to 00C with exceptionsRelative Humidity 90-95Storage Period 2-8 Months (depends on variety)Freezing Point -170c aprox
When harvesting apples pick and handle the fruit carefully to prevent unnecessary damage Sort through the apples during harvest Remove and promptly use bruised or cut apples Also remove apples which exhibit insect and disease problems Separate the apples by size Use the largest apples first as they dont store as well as the smaller fruit
7
Horticulture Base Product
Once harvested and sorted store the undamaged apples immediately The temperature and relative humidity during storage are critical for maximum storage life Proper storage conditions for apples are a temperature near 32ordmF and a relative humidity between 90 and 95 percent Apple varieties such as Red Delicious stored under optimum conditions may be stored up to 3 to 5 months Apples stored at a temperature of 50ordmF will spoil two to three times faster than those stored at 32ordmF If the humidity during storage is low apples will dehydrate and shrivel
7
Horticulture Base Product
THE END
7
Horticulture Base Product
Distribution of apple
A fruit distributor packer performs the function of processing fresh fruits and covering or packaging them while preserving their nutritional value dealing with their distribution Thus he concentrates on marketing functions in connection with fresh produce industry It focuses on packaging and distribution functions which preserve its quality for a longer period of time
The items of daily requirements linked with fruits and vegetables are covered under this and he has to center his attention round the distribution and marketing function of such products These products have a comparatively small life span and hence they need to be given due care while packaging and distribution The fruit distributor packer is accountable for the following duties
Processing of fresh fruits Performing semi-automated operations with the help of
conveyors and other equipment Maintaining continuous flow of fruits and suitable packaging Adjusting of different tools and processes to ensure a smooth
functioning of operations
7
Horticulture Base Product
Indian Apple market
In the 1990primes the Indian economy entered a state of transition when the central government began giving up its protectionist trade policies Reforms in the traded sector gathered momentum especially during the post-Uruguay Round period The first major step towards liberalization occurred in 1997 when the government lifted import licensing restrictions on several food items by moving them into Open General License (OGL) list By 1999 around 470 agricultural products were put on OGL and today restrictions on almost all of the agricultural products once exceeding more than 1400 in number have been eliminated
INDIArsquoS CUSTOMS DUTIES ON SELECT FRESH
FRUIT
Apples 50 Pears 35 Grape Fruit 25
Papaya 30 Banana 30 Kiwi Fruit 30
Plums 25 Guavas 30 Water Melon 30
Mandarins 30 Strawberries 30 Mangoes 30
7
Horticulture Base Product
CUSTOMS DUTIES ON APPLE
India 50 Malaysia 5 Canada 0
Bangladesh 375 European Union 9 Mexico 0
Korea 45 Vietnam 40 New Zealand 0
Dominican 20 Japan 17 Singapore 0
Turkey 603 Saudi Arabia 0 Hong Kong 0
Egypt 40 China 10 United States 0
Distribution channel
7
Horticulture Base Product
Apple is perishable consumer goods itrsquos distribution channel is not very longif the Apple not reach in the market place within 8 hours the farmer hardily get 50 price of market because of perishability
Prices of Apple
KOCHIPUNEAHMEDABAD Fruit prices have risen ahead of the festival season Production shortage and good demand have led to a spike in the prices of apple pineapple and pomegranate Consequently consumers are shifting to cheaper fruits available in the market
Apples in Delhi retail markets sell for Rs 60 to Rs 80 a kg Mother Dairy business head (horticulture) Pradipta K Sahoo said premium apples were being sold in retail by Mother Dairy for Rs 89 a kg At a Reliance store at Ahmadabad Indian apples were sold for Rs 100 a kg and Fuji apples for Rs 110- Rs 120 a kg
For example
Red apple Kashmir in Srinagar
Price- Rs900 box
Red apple is also known as Ambree kashmiri
7
Horticulture Base Product
Annual wholesale average price trend of apple Royal(HP)-2011
NO City Price per qtl
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
Ahmedabad
Chandigarh
Delhi
Hyderabad
Pune
Shimla
Agra
Bhopal
Jaipur
Jammu
Surat
10000
8500
7500
9000
7100
4500
6100
7600
8600
4000
9500
7
Horticulture Base Product
Major Problem
India is agriculture base country most of people depend on their farms for bread and butter But they face many financial Economical Political Infrastructural Environmental Informational social and Religious problems
Large area under old senile plantation
Poor quality of seeds planting material and low rate of
replacement of seeds cultivars
Lack of irrigation
Economy of scales
Inadequate storage and cold chain
Inadequate research extension and credit support
High wastages of the produce (8-37)
Only 08 of produce is processed
Inadequate processing and marketing infrastructure
Inadequate institutional support particularly in hilly region
7
Horticulture Base Product
Lack of awareness about importance of fruits and vegetables as nutritional supplement
Inadequate safety standards infrastructure for quality check and enforcement mechanism
Weak database equipped Departments in States
Poor HRD infrastructure
Little hedge against uncertainty risks
Fragmented land holding
Very poor backward and forward linkages
Poor infrastructure
Lack of post harvest Technology
Poor logistics
Supply Chain Management missing
Problem regarding skilled labour and labor cost
Non Availability of Electricity in rural and small horticulture farmer
7
Horticulture Base Product
Profit in Horticulture
Most of The India farmer have small farm for cultivation under horticulture and because of other burden like High labour cost Lack of technology traditional equipment high risk of crop failure and other problem the profit ratio of horticulture farmer is law in Indiarsquos major states
Apple (Malus pumila) is commercially the most important temperate fruit and is fourth among the most widely produced fruits in the world after banana orange and grape China is the largest apple producing country in the world In India North-Western Indian States of Jammu and Kashmir (JampK) Himachal Pradesh (HP) and in Uttar Pradesh (UP) hills The North-Eastern Hills region
Current price of apple in mandi market on 18th September 2012 average price is 11000 Rs per Quintal the average production of apple and pearls per hector is 38 tones (2008) in Kashmir So the farmer produce 4180000 Rs 38101100 apple in one hector It seems very large amount but some
7
Horticulture Base Product
factors are there to hinder the profit ratio likehellip
High price of seeds Failure of crop because of heavy snow fall High labour charges in hilly region Long distribution channel and Unexpected commission High cost of credit and itrsquos availability
So the cost of production per quintal is 9000 to 9500 Rs Surplus remain after deducting all expenses hardly 2000 to 1500 Rs Per quintal so that a farmer get 76 to 57 lacks Rs In India the farmers hardly found more then large area under apple cultivation because of unstructured land and step method farming
When we think about export About 69 million tones of apples were grown worldwide in 2010 and China produced almost half of this total India stand in 5th number in worlds largest producer India export 313866000 Rs Apple in 2006-07 and 318088000 Rs in April Dec2007 As per the Hindustan Studies amp Services Ltd Export report
7
Horticulture Base Product
PRODUCER
APPLE -
Origin ndash Eastern Europe and Western Asia
Major Producing States In India ndash Jammu amp Kashmir Himachal Pradesh amp Uttaranchal
Latest Production ndash 2891 Lakh Tones
Advance Technology -High density planting on Mailing root stock
Pre-cooling - Forced air
Treatment for quality - Pre storage treatment with Antioxidant within a week of harvesting
7
Horticulture Base Product
The major apple producing belts are
1048655 North West Hill Region
Jammu amp Kashmir (Srinagar Budgam Pulwama Anantnag Baramullah Kupwara) HimachalPradesh (Shimla Kullu Sirmour Mandi Chamba Kinnaur) and Uttranchal (Almora NainitalPithauragarh Tehri Pauri Chamoli Uttarkashi Dehradun)
1048655 North East Hill Region
Arunachal Pradesh (Tawang West Kanneng Lower Subansiri)
Recommended varieties of apple in different states in India
Season Himachal Pradesh
Jammu amp Kashmir
Uttranchal
Early
season
Mid season
Tydemanrsquos Early Michael
Molies Delicious Schlomit
Starking Delicious Red Delicious
Richared Vance Delicious Top Red Lord Lam Oregon
Spor
Irish Peach
Benoni Starkrimson
Razakwar Jonathan Coxrsquos Orange Pippin
Red Gold Queens Apple Rome
Beauty
Early Shanburry Fenny
Benoni Chaubattia Princess
Red Delicious Starking Delicious McIntosh Cortland Golden Delicious
7
Horticulture Base Product
Late season Red GoldGolden Delicious Yellow Newton Granny Smith
King Pippin American
Apirouge Kerry Pippin Sunhari
Chamure
Rymer Buckingham
Storage
APPLE -
The harvest period for apples varies from one variety (cultivar) to another For example Jonathan apples are normally harvested in mid to late September Gardeners therefore should base the harvest time on the maturity of the apples rather than a specific calendar date
There are several indicators of apple maturity Mature apples are firm crisp juicy well-colored and have developed the characteristic flavor of the variety Red color alone is not a reliable indicator of maturity Red Delicious apples for example often turn red before the fruit are mature Fruit harvested too early are astringent sour starchy and poorly flavored Apples harvested too late are soft and mushy
7
Horticulture Base Product
Storage Conditions
Temperature -10 to 00C with exceptionsRelative Humidity 90-95Storage Period 2-8 Months (depends on variety)Freezing Point -170c aprox
When harvesting apples pick and handle the fruit carefully to prevent unnecessary damage Sort through the apples during harvest Remove and promptly use bruised or cut apples Also remove apples which exhibit insect and disease problems Separate the apples by size Use the largest apples first as they dont store as well as the smaller fruit
7
Horticulture Base Product
Once harvested and sorted store the undamaged apples immediately The temperature and relative humidity during storage are critical for maximum storage life Proper storage conditions for apples are a temperature near 32ordmF and a relative humidity between 90 and 95 percent Apple varieties such as Red Delicious stored under optimum conditions may be stored up to 3 to 5 months Apples stored at a temperature of 50ordmF will spoil two to three times faster than those stored at 32ordmF If the humidity during storage is low apples will dehydrate and shrivel
7
Horticulture Base Product
THE END
7
Horticulture Base Product
Indian Apple market
In the 1990primes the Indian economy entered a state of transition when the central government began giving up its protectionist trade policies Reforms in the traded sector gathered momentum especially during the post-Uruguay Round period The first major step towards liberalization occurred in 1997 when the government lifted import licensing restrictions on several food items by moving them into Open General License (OGL) list By 1999 around 470 agricultural products were put on OGL and today restrictions on almost all of the agricultural products once exceeding more than 1400 in number have been eliminated
INDIArsquoS CUSTOMS DUTIES ON SELECT FRESH
FRUIT
Apples 50 Pears 35 Grape Fruit 25
Papaya 30 Banana 30 Kiwi Fruit 30
Plums 25 Guavas 30 Water Melon 30
Mandarins 30 Strawberries 30 Mangoes 30
7
Horticulture Base Product
CUSTOMS DUTIES ON APPLE
India 50 Malaysia 5 Canada 0
Bangladesh 375 European Union 9 Mexico 0
Korea 45 Vietnam 40 New Zealand 0
Dominican 20 Japan 17 Singapore 0
Turkey 603 Saudi Arabia 0 Hong Kong 0
Egypt 40 China 10 United States 0
Distribution channel
7
Horticulture Base Product
Apple is perishable consumer goods itrsquos distribution channel is not very longif the Apple not reach in the market place within 8 hours the farmer hardily get 50 price of market because of perishability
Prices of Apple
KOCHIPUNEAHMEDABAD Fruit prices have risen ahead of the festival season Production shortage and good demand have led to a spike in the prices of apple pineapple and pomegranate Consequently consumers are shifting to cheaper fruits available in the market
Apples in Delhi retail markets sell for Rs 60 to Rs 80 a kg Mother Dairy business head (horticulture) Pradipta K Sahoo said premium apples were being sold in retail by Mother Dairy for Rs 89 a kg At a Reliance store at Ahmadabad Indian apples were sold for Rs 100 a kg and Fuji apples for Rs 110- Rs 120 a kg
For example
Red apple Kashmir in Srinagar
Price- Rs900 box
Red apple is also known as Ambree kashmiri
7
Horticulture Base Product
Annual wholesale average price trend of apple Royal(HP)-2011
NO City Price per qtl
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
Ahmedabad
Chandigarh
Delhi
Hyderabad
Pune
Shimla
Agra
Bhopal
Jaipur
Jammu
Surat
10000
8500
7500
9000
7100
4500
6100
7600
8600
4000
9500
7
Horticulture Base Product
Major Problem
India is agriculture base country most of people depend on their farms for bread and butter But they face many financial Economical Political Infrastructural Environmental Informational social and Religious problems
Large area under old senile plantation
Poor quality of seeds planting material and low rate of
replacement of seeds cultivars
Lack of irrigation
Economy of scales
Inadequate storage and cold chain
Inadequate research extension and credit support
High wastages of the produce (8-37)
Only 08 of produce is processed
Inadequate processing and marketing infrastructure
Inadequate institutional support particularly in hilly region
7
Horticulture Base Product
Lack of awareness about importance of fruits and vegetables as nutritional supplement
Inadequate safety standards infrastructure for quality check and enforcement mechanism
Weak database equipped Departments in States
Poor HRD infrastructure
Little hedge against uncertainty risks
Fragmented land holding
Very poor backward and forward linkages
Poor infrastructure
Lack of post harvest Technology
Poor logistics
Supply Chain Management missing
Problem regarding skilled labour and labor cost
Non Availability of Electricity in rural and small horticulture farmer
7
Horticulture Base Product
Profit in Horticulture
Most of The India farmer have small farm for cultivation under horticulture and because of other burden like High labour cost Lack of technology traditional equipment high risk of crop failure and other problem the profit ratio of horticulture farmer is law in Indiarsquos major states
Apple (Malus pumila) is commercially the most important temperate fruit and is fourth among the most widely produced fruits in the world after banana orange and grape China is the largest apple producing country in the world In India North-Western Indian States of Jammu and Kashmir (JampK) Himachal Pradesh (HP) and in Uttar Pradesh (UP) hills The North-Eastern Hills region
Current price of apple in mandi market on 18th September 2012 average price is 11000 Rs per Quintal the average production of apple and pearls per hector is 38 tones (2008) in Kashmir So the farmer produce 4180000 Rs 38101100 apple in one hector It seems very large amount but some
7
Horticulture Base Product
factors are there to hinder the profit ratio likehellip
High price of seeds Failure of crop because of heavy snow fall High labour charges in hilly region Long distribution channel and Unexpected commission High cost of credit and itrsquos availability
So the cost of production per quintal is 9000 to 9500 Rs Surplus remain after deducting all expenses hardly 2000 to 1500 Rs Per quintal so that a farmer get 76 to 57 lacks Rs In India the farmers hardly found more then large area under apple cultivation because of unstructured land and step method farming
When we think about export About 69 million tones of apples were grown worldwide in 2010 and China produced almost half of this total India stand in 5th number in worlds largest producer India export 313866000 Rs Apple in 2006-07 and 318088000 Rs in April Dec2007 As per the Hindustan Studies amp Services Ltd Export report
7
Horticulture Base Product
PRODUCER
APPLE -
Origin ndash Eastern Europe and Western Asia
Major Producing States In India ndash Jammu amp Kashmir Himachal Pradesh amp Uttaranchal
Latest Production ndash 2891 Lakh Tones
Advance Technology -High density planting on Mailing root stock
Pre-cooling - Forced air
Treatment for quality - Pre storage treatment with Antioxidant within a week of harvesting
7
Horticulture Base Product
The major apple producing belts are
1048655 North West Hill Region
Jammu amp Kashmir (Srinagar Budgam Pulwama Anantnag Baramullah Kupwara) HimachalPradesh (Shimla Kullu Sirmour Mandi Chamba Kinnaur) and Uttranchal (Almora NainitalPithauragarh Tehri Pauri Chamoli Uttarkashi Dehradun)
1048655 North East Hill Region
Arunachal Pradesh (Tawang West Kanneng Lower Subansiri)
Recommended varieties of apple in different states in India
Season Himachal Pradesh
Jammu amp Kashmir
Uttranchal
Early
season
Mid season
Tydemanrsquos Early Michael
Molies Delicious Schlomit
Starking Delicious Red Delicious
Richared Vance Delicious Top Red Lord Lam Oregon
Spor
Irish Peach
Benoni Starkrimson
Razakwar Jonathan Coxrsquos Orange Pippin
Red Gold Queens Apple Rome
Beauty
Early Shanburry Fenny
Benoni Chaubattia Princess
Red Delicious Starking Delicious McIntosh Cortland Golden Delicious
7
Horticulture Base Product
Late season Red GoldGolden Delicious Yellow Newton Granny Smith
King Pippin American
Apirouge Kerry Pippin Sunhari
Chamure
Rymer Buckingham
Storage
APPLE -
The harvest period for apples varies from one variety (cultivar) to another For example Jonathan apples are normally harvested in mid to late September Gardeners therefore should base the harvest time on the maturity of the apples rather than a specific calendar date
There are several indicators of apple maturity Mature apples are firm crisp juicy well-colored and have developed the characteristic flavor of the variety Red color alone is not a reliable indicator of maturity Red Delicious apples for example often turn red before the fruit are mature Fruit harvested too early are astringent sour starchy and poorly flavored Apples harvested too late are soft and mushy
7
Horticulture Base Product
Storage Conditions
Temperature -10 to 00C with exceptionsRelative Humidity 90-95Storage Period 2-8 Months (depends on variety)Freezing Point -170c aprox
When harvesting apples pick and handle the fruit carefully to prevent unnecessary damage Sort through the apples during harvest Remove and promptly use bruised or cut apples Also remove apples which exhibit insect and disease problems Separate the apples by size Use the largest apples first as they dont store as well as the smaller fruit
7
Horticulture Base Product
Once harvested and sorted store the undamaged apples immediately The temperature and relative humidity during storage are critical for maximum storage life Proper storage conditions for apples are a temperature near 32ordmF and a relative humidity between 90 and 95 percent Apple varieties such as Red Delicious stored under optimum conditions may be stored up to 3 to 5 months Apples stored at a temperature of 50ordmF will spoil two to three times faster than those stored at 32ordmF If the humidity during storage is low apples will dehydrate and shrivel
7
Horticulture Base Product
THE END
7
Horticulture Base Product
CUSTOMS DUTIES ON APPLE
India 50 Malaysia 5 Canada 0
Bangladesh 375 European Union 9 Mexico 0
Korea 45 Vietnam 40 New Zealand 0
Dominican 20 Japan 17 Singapore 0
Turkey 603 Saudi Arabia 0 Hong Kong 0
Egypt 40 China 10 United States 0
Distribution channel
7
Horticulture Base Product
Apple is perishable consumer goods itrsquos distribution channel is not very longif the Apple not reach in the market place within 8 hours the farmer hardily get 50 price of market because of perishability
Prices of Apple
KOCHIPUNEAHMEDABAD Fruit prices have risen ahead of the festival season Production shortage and good demand have led to a spike in the prices of apple pineapple and pomegranate Consequently consumers are shifting to cheaper fruits available in the market
Apples in Delhi retail markets sell for Rs 60 to Rs 80 a kg Mother Dairy business head (horticulture) Pradipta K Sahoo said premium apples were being sold in retail by Mother Dairy for Rs 89 a kg At a Reliance store at Ahmadabad Indian apples were sold for Rs 100 a kg and Fuji apples for Rs 110- Rs 120 a kg
For example
Red apple Kashmir in Srinagar
Price- Rs900 box
Red apple is also known as Ambree kashmiri
7
Horticulture Base Product
Annual wholesale average price trend of apple Royal(HP)-2011
NO City Price per qtl
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
Ahmedabad
Chandigarh
Delhi
Hyderabad
Pune
Shimla
Agra
Bhopal
Jaipur
Jammu
Surat
10000
8500
7500
9000
7100
4500
6100
7600
8600
4000
9500
7
Horticulture Base Product
Major Problem
India is agriculture base country most of people depend on their farms for bread and butter But they face many financial Economical Political Infrastructural Environmental Informational social and Religious problems
Large area under old senile plantation
Poor quality of seeds planting material and low rate of
replacement of seeds cultivars
Lack of irrigation
Economy of scales
Inadequate storage and cold chain
Inadequate research extension and credit support
High wastages of the produce (8-37)
Only 08 of produce is processed
Inadequate processing and marketing infrastructure
Inadequate institutional support particularly in hilly region
7
Horticulture Base Product
Lack of awareness about importance of fruits and vegetables as nutritional supplement
Inadequate safety standards infrastructure for quality check and enforcement mechanism
Weak database equipped Departments in States
Poor HRD infrastructure
Little hedge against uncertainty risks
Fragmented land holding
Very poor backward and forward linkages
Poor infrastructure
Lack of post harvest Technology
Poor logistics
Supply Chain Management missing
Problem regarding skilled labour and labor cost
Non Availability of Electricity in rural and small horticulture farmer
7
Horticulture Base Product
Profit in Horticulture
Most of The India farmer have small farm for cultivation under horticulture and because of other burden like High labour cost Lack of technology traditional equipment high risk of crop failure and other problem the profit ratio of horticulture farmer is law in Indiarsquos major states
Apple (Malus pumila) is commercially the most important temperate fruit and is fourth among the most widely produced fruits in the world after banana orange and grape China is the largest apple producing country in the world In India North-Western Indian States of Jammu and Kashmir (JampK) Himachal Pradesh (HP) and in Uttar Pradesh (UP) hills The North-Eastern Hills region
Current price of apple in mandi market on 18th September 2012 average price is 11000 Rs per Quintal the average production of apple and pearls per hector is 38 tones (2008) in Kashmir So the farmer produce 4180000 Rs 38101100 apple in one hector It seems very large amount but some
7
Horticulture Base Product
factors are there to hinder the profit ratio likehellip
High price of seeds Failure of crop because of heavy snow fall High labour charges in hilly region Long distribution channel and Unexpected commission High cost of credit and itrsquos availability
So the cost of production per quintal is 9000 to 9500 Rs Surplus remain after deducting all expenses hardly 2000 to 1500 Rs Per quintal so that a farmer get 76 to 57 lacks Rs In India the farmers hardly found more then large area under apple cultivation because of unstructured land and step method farming
When we think about export About 69 million tones of apples were grown worldwide in 2010 and China produced almost half of this total India stand in 5th number in worlds largest producer India export 313866000 Rs Apple in 2006-07 and 318088000 Rs in April Dec2007 As per the Hindustan Studies amp Services Ltd Export report
7
Horticulture Base Product
PRODUCER
APPLE -
Origin ndash Eastern Europe and Western Asia
Major Producing States In India ndash Jammu amp Kashmir Himachal Pradesh amp Uttaranchal
Latest Production ndash 2891 Lakh Tones
Advance Technology -High density planting on Mailing root stock
Pre-cooling - Forced air
Treatment for quality - Pre storage treatment with Antioxidant within a week of harvesting
7
Horticulture Base Product
The major apple producing belts are
1048655 North West Hill Region
Jammu amp Kashmir (Srinagar Budgam Pulwama Anantnag Baramullah Kupwara) HimachalPradesh (Shimla Kullu Sirmour Mandi Chamba Kinnaur) and Uttranchal (Almora NainitalPithauragarh Tehri Pauri Chamoli Uttarkashi Dehradun)
1048655 North East Hill Region
Arunachal Pradesh (Tawang West Kanneng Lower Subansiri)
Recommended varieties of apple in different states in India
Season Himachal Pradesh
Jammu amp Kashmir
Uttranchal
Early
season
Mid season
Tydemanrsquos Early Michael
Molies Delicious Schlomit
Starking Delicious Red Delicious
Richared Vance Delicious Top Red Lord Lam Oregon
Spor
Irish Peach
Benoni Starkrimson
Razakwar Jonathan Coxrsquos Orange Pippin
Red Gold Queens Apple Rome
Beauty
Early Shanburry Fenny
Benoni Chaubattia Princess
Red Delicious Starking Delicious McIntosh Cortland Golden Delicious
7
Horticulture Base Product
Late season Red GoldGolden Delicious Yellow Newton Granny Smith
King Pippin American
Apirouge Kerry Pippin Sunhari
Chamure
Rymer Buckingham
Storage
APPLE -
The harvest period for apples varies from one variety (cultivar) to another For example Jonathan apples are normally harvested in mid to late September Gardeners therefore should base the harvest time on the maturity of the apples rather than a specific calendar date
There are several indicators of apple maturity Mature apples are firm crisp juicy well-colored and have developed the characteristic flavor of the variety Red color alone is not a reliable indicator of maturity Red Delicious apples for example often turn red before the fruit are mature Fruit harvested too early are astringent sour starchy and poorly flavored Apples harvested too late are soft and mushy
7
Horticulture Base Product
Storage Conditions
Temperature -10 to 00C with exceptionsRelative Humidity 90-95Storage Period 2-8 Months (depends on variety)Freezing Point -170c aprox
When harvesting apples pick and handle the fruit carefully to prevent unnecessary damage Sort through the apples during harvest Remove and promptly use bruised or cut apples Also remove apples which exhibit insect and disease problems Separate the apples by size Use the largest apples first as they dont store as well as the smaller fruit
7
Horticulture Base Product
Once harvested and sorted store the undamaged apples immediately The temperature and relative humidity during storage are critical for maximum storage life Proper storage conditions for apples are a temperature near 32ordmF and a relative humidity between 90 and 95 percent Apple varieties such as Red Delicious stored under optimum conditions may be stored up to 3 to 5 months Apples stored at a temperature of 50ordmF will spoil two to three times faster than those stored at 32ordmF If the humidity during storage is low apples will dehydrate and shrivel
7
Horticulture Base Product
THE END
7
Horticulture Base Product
Apple is perishable consumer goods itrsquos distribution channel is not very longif the Apple not reach in the market place within 8 hours the farmer hardily get 50 price of market because of perishability
Prices of Apple
KOCHIPUNEAHMEDABAD Fruit prices have risen ahead of the festival season Production shortage and good demand have led to a spike in the prices of apple pineapple and pomegranate Consequently consumers are shifting to cheaper fruits available in the market
Apples in Delhi retail markets sell for Rs 60 to Rs 80 a kg Mother Dairy business head (horticulture) Pradipta K Sahoo said premium apples were being sold in retail by Mother Dairy for Rs 89 a kg At a Reliance store at Ahmadabad Indian apples were sold for Rs 100 a kg and Fuji apples for Rs 110- Rs 120 a kg
For example
Red apple Kashmir in Srinagar
Price- Rs900 box
Red apple is also known as Ambree kashmiri
7
Horticulture Base Product
Annual wholesale average price trend of apple Royal(HP)-2011
NO City Price per qtl
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
Ahmedabad
Chandigarh
Delhi
Hyderabad
Pune
Shimla
Agra
Bhopal
Jaipur
Jammu
Surat
10000
8500
7500
9000
7100
4500
6100
7600
8600
4000
9500
7
Horticulture Base Product
Major Problem
India is agriculture base country most of people depend on their farms for bread and butter But they face many financial Economical Political Infrastructural Environmental Informational social and Religious problems
Large area under old senile plantation
Poor quality of seeds planting material and low rate of
replacement of seeds cultivars
Lack of irrigation
Economy of scales
Inadequate storage and cold chain
Inadequate research extension and credit support
High wastages of the produce (8-37)
Only 08 of produce is processed
Inadequate processing and marketing infrastructure
Inadequate institutional support particularly in hilly region
7
Horticulture Base Product
Lack of awareness about importance of fruits and vegetables as nutritional supplement
Inadequate safety standards infrastructure for quality check and enforcement mechanism
Weak database equipped Departments in States
Poor HRD infrastructure
Little hedge against uncertainty risks
Fragmented land holding
Very poor backward and forward linkages
Poor infrastructure
Lack of post harvest Technology
Poor logistics
Supply Chain Management missing
Problem regarding skilled labour and labor cost
Non Availability of Electricity in rural and small horticulture farmer
7
Horticulture Base Product
Profit in Horticulture
Most of The India farmer have small farm for cultivation under horticulture and because of other burden like High labour cost Lack of technology traditional equipment high risk of crop failure and other problem the profit ratio of horticulture farmer is law in Indiarsquos major states
Apple (Malus pumila) is commercially the most important temperate fruit and is fourth among the most widely produced fruits in the world after banana orange and grape China is the largest apple producing country in the world In India North-Western Indian States of Jammu and Kashmir (JampK) Himachal Pradesh (HP) and in Uttar Pradesh (UP) hills The North-Eastern Hills region
Current price of apple in mandi market on 18th September 2012 average price is 11000 Rs per Quintal the average production of apple and pearls per hector is 38 tones (2008) in Kashmir So the farmer produce 4180000 Rs 38101100 apple in one hector It seems very large amount but some
7
Horticulture Base Product
factors are there to hinder the profit ratio likehellip
High price of seeds Failure of crop because of heavy snow fall High labour charges in hilly region Long distribution channel and Unexpected commission High cost of credit and itrsquos availability
So the cost of production per quintal is 9000 to 9500 Rs Surplus remain after deducting all expenses hardly 2000 to 1500 Rs Per quintal so that a farmer get 76 to 57 lacks Rs In India the farmers hardly found more then large area under apple cultivation because of unstructured land and step method farming
When we think about export About 69 million tones of apples were grown worldwide in 2010 and China produced almost half of this total India stand in 5th number in worlds largest producer India export 313866000 Rs Apple in 2006-07 and 318088000 Rs in April Dec2007 As per the Hindustan Studies amp Services Ltd Export report
7
Horticulture Base Product
PRODUCER
APPLE -
Origin ndash Eastern Europe and Western Asia
Major Producing States In India ndash Jammu amp Kashmir Himachal Pradesh amp Uttaranchal
Latest Production ndash 2891 Lakh Tones
Advance Technology -High density planting on Mailing root stock
Pre-cooling - Forced air
Treatment for quality - Pre storage treatment with Antioxidant within a week of harvesting
7
Horticulture Base Product
The major apple producing belts are
1048655 North West Hill Region
Jammu amp Kashmir (Srinagar Budgam Pulwama Anantnag Baramullah Kupwara) HimachalPradesh (Shimla Kullu Sirmour Mandi Chamba Kinnaur) and Uttranchal (Almora NainitalPithauragarh Tehri Pauri Chamoli Uttarkashi Dehradun)
1048655 North East Hill Region
Arunachal Pradesh (Tawang West Kanneng Lower Subansiri)
Recommended varieties of apple in different states in India
Season Himachal Pradesh
Jammu amp Kashmir
Uttranchal
Early
season
Mid season
Tydemanrsquos Early Michael
Molies Delicious Schlomit
Starking Delicious Red Delicious
Richared Vance Delicious Top Red Lord Lam Oregon
Spor
Irish Peach
Benoni Starkrimson
Razakwar Jonathan Coxrsquos Orange Pippin
Red Gold Queens Apple Rome
Beauty
Early Shanburry Fenny
Benoni Chaubattia Princess
Red Delicious Starking Delicious McIntosh Cortland Golden Delicious
7
Horticulture Base Product
Late season Red GoldGolden Delicious Yellow Newton Granny Smith
King Pippin American
Apirouge Kerry Pippin Sunhari
Chamure
Rymer Buckingham
Storage
APPLE -
The harvest period for apples varies from one variety (cultivar) to another For example Jonathan apples are normally harvested in mid to late September Gardeners therefore should base the harvest time on the maturity of the apples rather than a specific calendar date
There are several indicators of apple maturity Mature apples are firm crisp juicy well-colored and have developed the characteristic flavor of the variety Red color alone is not a reliable indicator of maturity Red Delicious apples for example often turn red before the fruit are mature Fruit harvested too early are astringent sour starchy and poorly flavored Apples harvested too late are soft and mushy
7
Horticulture Base Product
Storage Conditions
Temperature -10 to 00C with exceptionsRelative Humidity 90-95Storage Period 2-8 Months (depends on variety)Freezing Point -170c aprox
When harvesting apples pick and handle the fruit carefully to prevent unnecessary damage Sort through the apples during harvest Remove and promptly use bruised or cut apples Also remove apples which exhibit insect and disease problems Separate the apples by size Use the largest apples first as they dont store as well as the smaller fruit
7
Horticulture Base Product
Once harvested and sorted store the undamaged apples immediately The temperature and relative humidity during storage are critical for maximum storage life Proper storage conditions for apples are a temperature near 32ordmF and a relative humidity between 90 and 95 percent Apple varieties such as Red Delicious stored under optimum conditions may be stored up to 3 to 5 months Apples stored at a temperature of 50ordmF will spoil two to three times faster than those stored at 32ordmF If the humidity during storage is low apples will dehydrate and shrivel
7
Horticulture Base Product
THE END
7
Horticulture Base Product
Annual wholesale average price trend of apple Royal(HP)-2011
NO City Price per qtl
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
Ahmedabad
Chandigarh
Delhi
Hyderabad
Pune
Shimla
Agra
Bhopal
Jaipur
Jammu
Surat
10000
8500
7500
9000
7100
4500
6100
7600
8600
4000
9500
7
Horticulture Base Product
Major Problem
India is agriculture base country most of people depend on their farms for bread and butter But they face many financial Economical Political Infrastructural Environmental Informational social and Religious problems
Large area under old senile plantation
Poor quality of seeds planting material and low rate of
replacement of seeds cultivars
Lack of irrigation
Economy of scales
Inadequate storage and cold chain
Inadequate research extension and credit support
High wastages of the produce (8-37)
Only 08 of produce is processed
Inadequate processing and marketing infrastructure
Inadequate institutional support particularly in hilly region
7
Horticulture Base Product
Lack of awareness about importance of fruits and vegetables as nutritional supplement
Inadequate safety standards infrastructure for quality check and enforcement mechanism
Weak database equipped Departments in States
Poor HRD infrastructure
Little hedge against uncertainty risks
Fragmented land holding
Very poor backward and forward linkages
Poor infrastructure
Lack of post harvest Technology
Poor logistics
Supply Chain Management missing
Problem regarding skilled labour and labor cost
Non Availability of Electricity in rural and small horticulture farmer
7
Horticulture Base Product
Profit in Horticulture
Most of The India farmer have small farm for cultivation under horticulture and because of other burden like High labour cost Lack of technology traditional equipment high risk of crop failure and other problem the profit ratio of horticulture farmer is law in Indiarsquos major states
Apple (Malus pumila) is commercially the most important temperate fruit and is fourth among the most widely produced fruits in the world after banana orange and grape China is the largest apple producing country in the world In India North-Western Indian States of Jammu and Kashmir (JampK) Himachal Pradesh (HP) and in Uttar Pradesh (UP) hills The North-Eastern Hills region
Current price of apple in mandi market on 18th September 2012 average price is 11000 Rs per Quintal the average production of apple and pearls per hector is 38 tones (2008) in Kashmir So the farmer produce 4180000 Rs 38101100 apple in one hector It seems very large amount but some
7
Horticulture Base Product
factors are there to hinder the profit ratio likehellip
High price of seeds Failure of crop because of heavy snow fall High labour charges in hilly region Long distribution channel and Unexpected commission High cost of credit and itrsquos availability
So the cost of production per quintal is 9000 to 9500 Rs Surplus remain after deducting all expenses hardly 2000 to 1500 Rs Per quintal so that a farmer get 76 to 57 lacks Rs In India the farmers hardly found more then large area under apple cultivation because of unstructured land and step method farming
When we think about export About 69 million tones of apples were grown worldwide in 2010 and China produced almost half of this total India stand in 5th number in worlds largest producer India export 313866000 Rs Apple in 2006-07 and 318088000 Rs in April Dec2007 As per the Hindustan Studies amp Services Ltd Export report
7
Horticulture Base Product
PRODUCER
APPLE -
Origin ndash Eastern Europe and Western Asia
Major Producing States In India ndash Jammu amp Kashmir Himachal Pradesh amp Uttaranchal
Latest Production ndash 2891 Lakh Tones
Advance Technology -High density planting on Mailing root stock
Pre-cooling - Forced air
Treatment for quality - Pre storage treatment with Antioxidant within a week of harvesting
7
Horticulture Base Product
The major apple producing belts are
1048655 North West Hill Region
Jammu amp Kashmir (Srinagar Budgam Pulwama Anantnag Baramullah Kupwara) HimachalPradesh (Shimla Kullu Sirmour Mandi Chamba Kinnaur) and Uttranchal (Almora NainitalPithauragarh Tehri Pauri Chamoli Uttarkashi Dehradun)
1048655 North East Hill Region
Arunachal Pradesh (Tawang West Kanneng Lower Subansiri)
Recommended varieties of apple in different states in India
Season Himachal Pradesh
Jammu amp Kashmir
Uttranchal
Early
season
Mid season
Tydemanrsquos Early Michael
Molies Delicious Schlomit
Starking Delicious Red Delicious
Richared Vance Delicious Top Red Lord Lam Oregon
Spor
Irish Peach
Benoni Starkrimson
Razakwar Jonathan Coxrsquos Orange Pippin
Red Gold Queens Apple Rome
Beauty
Early Shanburry Fenny
Benoni Chaubattia Princess
Red Delicious Starking Delicious McIntosh Cortland Golden Delicious
7
Horticulture Base Product
Late season Red GoldGolden Delicious Yellow Newton Granny Smith
King Pippin American
Apirouge Kerry Pippin Sunhari
Chamure
Rymer Buckingham
Storage
APPLE -
The harvest period for apples varies from one variety (cultivar) to another For example Jonathan apples are normally harvested in mid to late September Gardeners therefore should base the harvest time on the maturity of the apples rather than a specific calendar date
There are several indicators of apple maturity Mature apples are firm crisp juicy well-colored and have developed the characteristic flavor of the variety Red color alone is not a reliable indicator of maturity Red Delicious apples for example often turn red before the fruit are mature Fruit harvested too early are astringent sour starchy and poorly flavored Apples harvested too late are soft and mushy
7
Horticulture Base Product
Storage Conditions
Temperature -10 to 00C with exceptionsRelative Humidity 90-95Storage Period 2-8 Months (depends on variety)Freezing Point -170c aprox
When harvesting apples pick and handle the fruit carefully to prevent unnecessary damage Sort through the apples during harvest Remove and promptly use bruised or cut apples Also remove apples which exhibit insect and disease problems Separate the apples by size Use the largest apples first as they dont store as well as the smaller fruit
7
Horticulture Base Product
Once harvested and sorted store the undamaged apples immediately The temperature and relative humidity during storage are critical for maximum storage life Proper storage conditions for apples are a temperature near 32ordmF and a relative humidity between 90 and 95 percent Apple varieties such as Red Delicious stored under optimum conditions may be stored up to 3 to 5 months Apples stored at a temperature of 50ordmF will spoil two to three times faster than those stored at 32ordmF If the humidity during storage is low apples will dehydrate and shrivel
7
Horticulture Base Product
THE END
7
Horticulture Base Product
Major Problem
India is agriculture base country most of people depend on their farms for bread and butter But they face many financial Economical Political Infrastructural Environmental Informational social and Religious problems
Large area under old senile plantation
Poor quality of seeds planting material and low rate of
replacement of seeds cultivars
Lack of irrigation
Economy of scales
Inadequate storage and cold chain
Inadequate research extension and credit support
High wastages of the produce (8-37)
Only 08 of produce is processed
Inadequate processing and marketing infrastructure
Inadequate institutional support particularly in hilly region
7
Horticulture Base Product
Lack of awareness about importance of fruits and vegetables as nutritional supplement
Inadequate safety standards infrastructure for quality check and enforcement mechanism
Weak database equipped Departments in States
Poor HRD infrastructure
Little hedge against uncertainty risks
Fragmented land holding
Very poor backward and forward linkages
Poor infrastructure
Lack of post harvest Technology
Poor logistics
Supply Chain Management missing
Problem regarding skilled labour and labor cost
Non Availability of Electricity in rural and small horticulture farmer
7
Horticulture Base Product
Profit in Horticulture
Most of The India farmer have small farm for cultivation under horticulture and because of other burden like High labour cost Lack of technology traditional equipment high risk of crop failure and other problem the profit ratio of horticulture farmer is law in Indiarsquos major states
Apple (Malus pumila) is commercially the most important temperate fruit and is fourth among the most widely produced fruits in the world after banana orange and grape China is the largest apple producing country in the world In India North-Western Indian States of Jammu and Kashmir (JampK) Himachal Pradesh (HP) and in Uttar Pradesh (UP) hills The North-Eastern Hills region
Current price of apple in mandi market on 18th September 2012 average price is 11000 Rs per Quintal the average production of apple and pearls per hector is 38 tones (2008) in Kashmir So the farmer produce 4180000 Rs 38101100 apple in one hector It seems very large amount but some
7
Horticulture Base Product
factors are there to hinder the profit ratio likehellip
High price of seeds Failure of crop because of heavy snow fall High labour charges in hilly region Long distribution channel and Unexpected commission High cost of credit and itrsquos availability
So the cost of production per quintal is 9000 to 9500 Rs Surplus remain after deducting all expenses hardly 2000 to 1500 Rs Per quintal so that a farmer get 76 to 57 lacks Rs In India the farmers hardly found more then large area under apple cultivation because of unstructured land and step method farming
When we think about export About 69 million tones of apples were grown worldwide in 2010 and China produced almost half of this total India stand in 5th number in worlds largest producer India export 313866000 Rs Apple in 2006-07 and 318088000 Rs in April Dec2007 As per the Hindustan Studies amp Services Ltd Export report
7
Horticulture Base Product
PRODUCER
APPLE -
Origin ndash Eastern Europe and Western Asia
Major Producing States In India ndash Jammu amp Kashmir Himachal Pradesh amp Uttaranchal
Latest Production ndash 2891 Lakh Tones
Advance Technology -High density planting on Mailing root stock
Pre-cooling - Forced air
Treatment for quality - Pre storage treatment with Antioxidant within a week of harvesting
7
Horticulture Base Product
The major apple producing belts are
1048655 North West Hill Region
Jammu amp Kashmir (Srinagar Budgam Pulwama Anantnag Baramullah Kupwara) HimachalPradesh (Shimla Kullu Sirmour Mandi Chamba Kinnaur) and Uttranchal (Almora NainitalPithauragarh Tehri Pauri Chamoli Uttarkashi Dehradun)
1048655 North East Hill Region
Arunachal Pradesh (Tawang West Kanneng Lower Subansiri)
Recommended varieties of apple in different states in India
Season Himachal Pradesh
Jammu amp Kashmir
Uttranchal
Early
season
Mid season
Tydemanrsquos Early Michael
Molies Delicious Schlomit
Starking Delicious Red Delicious
Richared Vance Delicious Top Red Lord Lam Oregon
Spor
Irish Peach
Benoni Starkrimson
Razakwar Jonathan Coxrsquos Orange Pippin
Red Gold Queens Apple Rome
Beauty
Early Shanburry Fenny
Benoni Chaubattia Princess
Red Delicious Starking Delicious McIntosh Cortland Golden Delicious
7
Horticulture Base Product
Late season Red GoldGolden Delicious Yellow Newton Granny Smith
King Pippin American
Apirouge Kerry Pippin Sunhari
Chamure
Rymer Buckingham
Storage
APPLE -
The harvest period for apples varies from one variety (cultivar) to another For example Jonathan apples are normally harvested in mid to late September Gardeners therefore should base the harvest time on the maturity of the apples rather than a specific calendar date
There are several indicators of apple maturity Mature apples are firm crisp juicy well-colored and have developed the characteristic flavor of the variety Red color alone is not a reliable indicator of maturity Red Delicious apples for example often turn red before the fruit are mature Fruit harvested too early are astringent sour starchy and poorly flavored Apples harvested too late are soft and mushy
7
Horticulture Base Product
Storage Conditions
Temperature -10 to 00C with exceptionsRelative Humidity 90-95Storage Period 2-8 Months (depends on variety)Freezing Point -170c aprox
When harvesting apples pick and handle the fruit carefully to prevent unnecessary damage Sort through the apples during harvest Remove and promptly use bruised or cut apples Also remove apples which exhibit insect and disease problems Separate the apples by size Use the largest apples first as they dont store as well as the smaller fruit
7
Horticulture Base Product
Once harvested and sorted store the undamaged apples immediately The temperature and relative humidity during storage are critical for maximum storage life Proper storage conditions for apples are a temperature near 32ordmF and a relative humidity between 90 and 95 percent Apple varieties such as Red Delicious stored under optimum conditions may be stored up to 3 to 5 months Apples stored at a temperature of 50ordmF will spoil two to three times faster than those stored at 32ordmF If the humidity during storage is low apples will dehydrate and shrivel
7
Horticulture Base Product
THE END
7
Horticulture Base Product
Lack of awareness about importance of fruits and vegetables as nutritional supplement
Inadequate safety standards infrastructure for quality check and enforcement mechanism
Weak database equipped Departments in States
Poor HRD infrastructure
Little hedge against uncertainty risks
Fragmented land holding
Very poor backward and forward linkages
Poor infrastructure
Lack of post harvest Technology
Poor logistics
Supply Chain Management missing
Problem regarding skilled labour and labor cost
Non Availability of Electricity in rural and small horticulture farmer
7
Horticulture Base Product
Profit in Horticulture
Most of The India farmer have small farm for cultivation under horticulture and because of other burden like High labour cost Lack of technology traditional equipment high risk of crop failure and other problem the profit ratio of horticulture farmer is law in Indiarsquos major states
Apple (Malus pumila) is commercially the most important temperate fruit and is fourth among the most widely produced fruits in the world after banana orange and grape China is the largest apple producing country in the world In India North-Western Indian States of Jammu and Kashmir (JampK) Himachal Pradesh (HP) and in Uttar Pradesh (UP) hills The North-Eastern Hills region
Current price of apple in mandi market on 18th September 2012 average price is 11000 Rs per Quintal the average production of apple and pearls per hector is 38 tones (2008) in Kashmir So the farmer produce 4180000 Rs 38101100 apple in one hector It seems very large amount but some
7
Horticulture Base Product
factors are there to hinder the profit ratio likehellip
High price of seeds Failure of crop because of heavy snow fall High labour charges in hilly region Long distribution channel and Unexpected commission High cost of credit and itrsquos availability
So the cost of production per quintal is 9000 to 9500 Rs Surplus remain after deducting all expenses hardly 2000 to 1500 Rs Per quintal so that a farmer get 76 to 57 lacks Rs In India the farmers hardly found more then large area under apple cultivation because of unstructured land and step method farming
When we think about export About 69 million tones of apples were grown worldwide in 2010 and China produced almost half of this total India stand in 5th number in worlds largest producer India export 313866000 Rs Apple in 2006-07 and 318088000 Rs in April Dec2007 As per the Hindustan Studies amp Services Ltd Export report
7
Horticulture Base Product
PRODUCER
APPLE -
Origin ndash Eastern Europe and Western Asia
Major Producing States In India ndash Jammu amp Kashmir Himachal Pradesh amp Uttaranchal
Latest Production ndash 2891 Lakh Tones
Advance Technology -High density planting on Mailing root stock
Pre-cooling - Forced air
Treatment for quality - Pre storage treatment with Antioxidant within a week of harvesting
7
Horticulture Base Product
The major apple producing belts are
1048655 North West Hill Region
Jammu amp Kashmir (Srinagar Budgam Pulwama Anantnag Baramullah Kupwara) HimachalPradesh (Shimla Kullu Sirmour Mandi Chamba Kinnaur) and Uttranchal (Almora NainitalPithauragarh Tehri Pauri Chamoli Uttarkashi Dehradun)
1048655 North East Hill Region
Arunachal Pradesh (Tawang West Kanneng Lower Subansiri)
Recommended varieties of apple in different states in India
Season Himachal Pradesh
Jammu amp Kashmir
Uttranchal
Early
season
Mid season
Tydemanrsquos Early Michael
Molies Delicious Schlomit
Starking Delicious Red Delicious
Richared Vance Delicious Top Red Lord Lam Oregon
Spor
Irish Peach
Benoni Starkrimson
Razakwar Jonathan Coxrsquos Orange Pippin
Red Gold Queens Apple Rome
Beauty
Early Shanburry Fenny
Benoni Chaubattia Princess
Red Delicious Starking Delicious McIntosh Cortland Golden Delicious
7
Horticulture Base Product
Late season Red GoldGolden Delicious Yellow Newton Granny Smith
King Pippin American
Apirouge Kerry Pippin Sunhari
Chamure
Rymer Buckingham
Storage
APPLE -
The harvest period for apples varies from one variety (cultivar) to another For example Jonathan apples are normally harvested in mid to late September Gardeners therefore should base the harvest time on the maturity of the apples rather than a specific calendar date
There are several indicators of apple maturity Mature apples are firm crisp juicy well-colored and have developed the characteristic flavor of the variety Red color alone is not a reliable indicator of maturity Red Delicious apples for example often turn red before the fruit are mature Fruit harvested too early are astringent sour starchy and poorly flavored Apples harvested too late are soft and mushy
7
Horticulture Base Product
Storage Conditions
Temperature -10 to 00C with exceptionsRelative Humidity 90-95Storage Period 2-8 Months (depends on variety)Freezing Point -170c aprox
When harvesting apples pick and handle the fruit carefully to prevent unnecessary damage Sort through the apples during harvest Remove and promptly use bruised or cut apples Also remove apples which exhibit insect and disease problems Separate the apples by size Use the largest apples first as they dont store as well as the smaller fruit
7
Horticulture Base Product
Once harvested and sorted store the undamaged apples immediately The temperature and relative humidity during storage are critical for maximum storage life Proper storage conditions for apples are a temperature near 32ordmF and a relative humidity between 90 and 95 percent Apple varieties such as Red Delicious stored under optimum conditions may be stored up to 3 to 5 months Apples stored at a temperature of 50ordmF will spoil two to three times faster than those stored at 32ordmF If the humidity during storage is low apples will dehydrate and shrivel
7
Horticulture Base Product
THE END
7
Horticulture Base Product
Profit in Horticulture
Most of The India farmer have small farm for cultivation under horticulture and because of other burden like High labour cost Lack of technology traditional equipment high risk of crop failure and other problem the profit ratio of horticulture farmer is law in Indiarsquos major states
Apple (Malus pumila) is commercially the most important temperate fruit and is fourth among the most widely produced fruits in the world after banana orange and grape China is the largest apple producing country in the world In India North-Western Indian States of Jammu and Kashmir (JampK) Himachal Pradesh (HP) and in Uttar Pradesh (UP) hills The North-Eastern Hills region
Current price of apple in mandi market on 18th September 2012 average price is 11000 Rs per Quintal the average production of apple and pearls per hector is 38 tones (2008) in Kashmir So the farmer produce 4180000 Rs 38101100 apple in one hector It seems very large amount but some
7
Horticulture Base Product
factors are there to hinder the profit ratio likehellip
High price of seeds Failure of crop because of heavy snow fall High labour charges in hilly region Long distribution channel and Unexpected commission High cost of credit and itrsquos availability
So the cost of production per quintal is 9000 to 9500 Rs Surplus remain after deducting all expenses hardly 2000 to 1500 Rs Per quintal so that a farmer get 76 to 57 lacks Rs In India the farmers hardly found more then large area under apple cultivation because of unstructured land and step method farming
When we think about export About 69 million tones of apples were grown worldwide in 2010 and China produced almost half of this total India stand in 5th number in worlds largest producer India export 313866000 Rs Apple in 2006-07 and 318088000 Rs in April Dec2007 As per the Hindustan Studies amp Services Ltd Export report
7
Horticulture Base Product
PRODUCER
APPLE -
Origin ndash Eastern Europe and Western Asia
Major Producing States In India ndash Jammu amp Kashmir Himachal Pradesh amp Uttaranchal
Latest Production ndash 2891 Lakh Tones
Advance Technology -High density planting on Mailing root stock
Pre-cooling - Forced air
Treatment for quality - Pre storage treatment with Antioxidant within a week of harvesting
7
Horticulture Base Product
The major apple producing belts are
1048655 North West Hill Region
Jammu amp Kashmir (Srinagar Budgam Pulwama Anantnag Baramullah Kupwara) HimachalPradesh (Shimla Kullu Sirmour Mandi Chamba Kinnaur) and Uttranchal (Almora NainitalPithauragarh Tehri Pauri Chamoli Uttarkashi Dehradun)
1048655 North East Hill Region
Arunachal Pradesh (Tawang West Kanneng Lower Subansiri)
Recommended varieties of apple in different states in India
Season Himachal Pradesh
Jammu amp Kashmir
Uttranchal
Early
season
Mid season
Tydemanrsquos Early Michael
Molies Delicious Schlomit
Starking Delicious Red Delicious
Richared Vance Delicious Top Red Lord Lam Oregon
Spor
Irish Peach
Benoni Starkrimson
Razakwar Jonathan Coxrsquos Orange Pippin
Red Gold Queens Apple Rome
Beauty
Early Shanburry Fenny
Benoni Chaubattia Princess
Red Delicious Starking Delicious McIntosh Cortland Golden Delicious
7
Horticulture Base Product
Late season Red GoldGolden Delicious Yellow Newton Granny Smith
King Pippin American
Apirouge Kerry Pippin Sunhari
Chamure
Rymer Buckingham
Storage
APPLE -
The harvest period for apples varies from one variety (cultivar) to another For example Jonathan apples are normally harvested in mid to late September Gardeners therefore should base the harvest time on the maturity of the apples rather than a specific calendar date
There are several indicators of apple maturity Mature apples are firm crisp juicy well-colored and have developed the characteristic flavor of the variety Red color alone is not a reliable indicator of maturity Red Delicious apples for example often turn red before the fruit are mature Fruit harvested too early are astringent sour starchy and poorly flavored Apples harvested too late are soft and mushy
7
Horticulture Base Product
Storage Conditions
Temperature -10 to 00C with exceptionsRelative Humidity 90-95Storage Period 2-8 Months (depends on variety)Freezing Point -170c aprox
When harvesting apples pick and handle the fruit carefully to prevent unnecessary damage Sort through the apples during harvest Remove and promptly use bruised or cut apples Also remove apples which exhibit insect and disease problems Separate the apples by size Use the largest apples first as they dont store as well as the smaller fruit
7
Horticulture Base Product
Once harvested and sorted store the undamaged apples immediately The temperature and relative humidity during storage are critical for maximum storage life Proper storage conditions for apples are a temperature near 32ordmF and a relative humidity between 90 and 95 percent Apple varieties such as Red Delicious stored under optimum conditions may be stored up to 3 to 5 months Apples stored at a temperature of 50ordmF will spoil two to three times faster than those stored at 32ordmF If the humidity during storage is low apples will dehydrate and shrivel
7
Horticulture Base Product
THE END
7
Horticulture Base Product
factors are there to hinder the profit ratio likehellip
High price of seeds Failure of crop because of heavy snow fall High labour charges in hilly region Long distribution channel and Unexpected commission High cost of credit and itrsquos availability
So the cost of production per quintal is 9000 to 9500 Rs Surplus remain after deducting all expenses hardly 2000 to 1500 Rs Per quintal so that a farmer get 76 to 57 lacks Rs In India the farmers hardly found more then large area under apple cultivation because of unstructured land and step method farming
When we think about export About 69 million tones of apples were grown worldwide in 2010 and China produced almost half of this total India stand in 5th number in worlds largest producer India export 313866000 Rs Apple in 2006-07 and 318088000 Rs in April Dec2007 As per the Hindustan Studies amp Services Ltd Export report
7
Horticulture Base Product
PRODUCER
APPLE -
Origin ndash Eastern Europe and Western Asia
Major Producing States In India ndash Jammu amp Kashmir Himachal Pradesh amp Uttaranchal
Latest Production ndash 2891 Lakh Tones
Advance Technology -High density planting on Mailing root stock
Pre-cooling - Forced air
Treatment for quality - Pre storage treatment with Antioxidant within a week of harvesting
7
Horticulture Base Product
The major apple producing belts are
1048655 North West Hill Region
Jammu amp Kashmir (Srinagar Budgam Pulwama Anantnag Baramullah Kupwara) HimachalPradesh (Shimla Kullu Sirmour Mandi Chamba Kinnaur) and Uttranchal (Almora NainitalPithauragarh Tehri Pauri Chamoli Uttarkashi Dehradun)
1048655 North East Hill Region
Arunachal Pradesh (Tawang West Kanneng Lower Subansiri)
Recommended varieties of apple in different states in India
Season Himachal Pradesh
Jammu amp Kashmir
Uttranchal
Early
season
Mid season
Tydemanrsquos Early Michael
Molies Delicious Schlomit
Starking Delicious Red Delicious
Richared Vance Delicious Top Red Lord Lam Oregon
Spor
Irish Peach
Benoni Starkrimson
Razakwar Jonathan Coxrsquos Orange Pippin
Red Gold Queens Apple Rome
Beauty
Early Shanburry Fenny
Benoni Chaubattia Princess
Red Delicious Starking Delicious McIntosh Cortland Golden Delicious
7
Horticulture Base Product
Late season Red GoldGolden Delicious Yellow Newton Granny Smith
King Pippin American
Apirouge Kerry Pippin Sunhari
Chamure
Rymer Buckingham
Storage
APPLE -
The harvest period for apples varies from one variety (cultivar) to another For example Jonathan apples are normally harvested in mid to late September Gardeners therefore should base the harvest time on the maturity of the apples rather than a specific calendar date
There are several indicators of apple maturity Mature apples are firm crisp juicy well-colored and have developed the characteristic flavor of the variety Red color alone is not a reliable indicator of maturity Red Delicious apples for example often turn red before the fruit are mature Fruit harvested too early are astringent sour starchy and poorly flavored Apples harvested too late are soft and mushy
7
Horticulture Base Product
Storage Conditions
Temperature -10 to 00C with exceptionsRelative Humidity 90-95Storage Period 2-8 Months (depends on variety)Freezing Point -170c aprox
When harvesting apples pick and handle the fruit carefully to prevent unnecessary damage Sort through the apples during harvest Remove and promptly use bruised or cut apples Also remove apples which exhibit insect and disease problems Separate the apples by size Use the largest apples first as they dont store as well as the smaller fruit
7
Horticulture Base Product
Once harvested and sorted store the undamaged apples immediately The temperature and relative humidity during storage are critical for maximum storage life Proper storage conditions for apples are a temperature near 32ordmF and a relative humidity between 90 and 95 percent Apple varieties such as Red Delicious stored under optimum conditions may be stored up to 3 to 5 months Apples stored at a temperature of 50ordmF will spoil two to three times faster than those stored at 32ordmF If the humidity during storage is low apples will dehydrate and shrivel
7
Horticulture Base Product
THE END
7
Horticulture Base Product
PRODUCER
APPLE -
Origin ndash Eastern Europe and Western Asia
Major Producing States In India ndash Jammu amp Kashmir Himachal Pradesh amp Uttaranchal
Latest Production ndash 2891 Lakh Tones
Advance Technology -High density planting on Mailing root stock
Pre-cooling - Forced air
Treatment for quality - Pre storage treatment with Antioxidant within a week of harvesting
7
Horticulture Base Product
The major apple producing belts are
1048655 North West Hill Region
Jammu amp Kashmir (Srinagar Budgam Pulwama Anantnag Baramullah Kupwara) HimachalPradesh (Shimla Kullu Sirmour Mandi Chamba Kinnaur) and Uttranchal (Almora NainitalPithauragarh Tehri Pauri Chamoli Uttarkashi Dehradun)
1048655 North East Hill Region
Arunachal Pradesh (Tawang West Kanneng Lower Subansiri)
Recommended varieties of apple in different states in India
Season Himachal Pradesh
Jammu amp Kashmir
Uttranchal
Early
season
Mid season
Tydemanrsquos Early Michael
Molies Delicious Schlomit
Starking Delicious Red Delicious
Richared Vance Delicious Top Red Lord Lam Oregon
Spor
Irish Peach
Benoni Starkrimson
Razakwar Jonathan Coxrsquos Orange Pippin
Red Gold Queens Apple Rome
Beauty
Early Shanburry Fenny
Benoni Chaubattia Princess
Red Delicious Starking Delicious McIntosh Cortland Golden Delicious
7
Horticulture Base Product
Late season Red GoldGolden Delicious Yellow Newton Granny Smith
King Pippin American
Apirouge Kerry Pippin Sunhari
Chamure
Rymer Buckingham
Storage
APPLE -
The harvest period for apples varies from one variety (cultivar) to another For example Jonathan apples are normally harvested in mid to late September Gardeners therefore should base the harvest time on the maturity of the apples rather than a specific calendar date
There are several indicators of apple maturity Mature apples are firm crisp juicy well-colored and have developed the characteristic flavor of the variety Red color alone is not a reliable indicator of maturity Red Delicious apples for example often turn red before the fruit are mature Fruit harvested too early are astringent sour starchy and poorly flavored Apples harvested too late are soft and mushy
7
Horticulture Base Product
Storage Conditions
Temperature -10 to 00C with exceptionsRelative Humidity 90-95Storage Period 2-8 Months (depends on variety)Freezing Point -170c aprox
When harvesting apples pick and handle the fruit carefully to prevent unnecessary damage Sort through the apples during harvest Remove and promptly use bruised or cut apples Also remove apples which exhibit insect and disease problems Separate the apples by size Use the largest apples first as they dont store as well as the smaller fruit
7
Horticulture Base Product
Once harvested and sorted store the undamaged apples immediately The temperature and relative humidity during storage are critical for maximum storage life Proper storage conditions for apples are a temperature near 32ordmF and a relative humidity between 90 and 95 percent Apple varieties such as Red Delicious stored under optimum conditions may be stored up to 3 to 5 months Apples stored at a temperature of 50ordmF will spoil two to three times faster than those stored at 32ordmF If the humidity during storage is low apples will dehydrate and shrivel
7
Horticulture Base Product
THE END
7
Horticulture Base Product
The major apple producing belts are
1048655 North West Hill Region
Jammu amp Kashmir (Srinagar Budgam Pulwama Anantnag Baramullah Kupwara) HimachalPradesh (Shimla Kullu Sirmour Mandi Chamba Kinnaur) and Uttranchal (Almora NainitalPithauragarh Tehri Pauri Chamoli Uttarkashi Dehradun)
1048655 North East Hill Region
Arunachal Pradesh (Tawang West Kanneng Lower Subansiri)
Recommended varieties of apple in different states in India
Season Himachal Pradesh
Jammu amp Kashmir
Uttranchal
Early
season
Mid season
Tydemanrsquos Early Michael
Molies Delicious Schlomit
Starking Delicious Red Delicious
Richared Vance Delicious Top Red Lord Lam Oregon
Spor
Irish Peach
Benoni Starkrimson
Razakwar Jonathan Coxrsquos Orange Pippin
Red Gold Queens Apple Rome
Beauty
Early Shanburry Fenny
Benoni Chaubattia Princess
Red Delicious Starking Delicious McIntosh Cortland Golden Delicious
7
Horticulture Base Product
Late season Red GoldGolden Delicious Yellow Newton Granny Smith
King Pippin American
Apirouge Kerry Pippin Sunhari
Chamure
Rymer Buckingham
Storage
APPLE -
The harvest period for apples varies from one variety (cultivar) to another For example Jonathan apples are normally harvested in mid to late September Gardeners therefore should base the harvest time on the maturity of the apples rather than a specific calendar date
There are several indicators of apple maturity Mature apples are firm crisp juicy well-colored and have developed the characteristic flavor of the variety Red color alone is not a reliable indicator of maturity Red Delicious apples for example often turn red before the fruit are mature Fruit harvested too early are astringent sour starchy and poorly flavored Apples harvested too late are soft and mushy
7
Horticulture Base Product
Storage Conditions
Temperature -10 to 00C with exceptionsRelative Humidity 90-95Storage Period 2-8 Months (depends on variety)Freezing Point -170c aprox
When harvesting apples pick and handle the fruit carefully to prevent unnecessary damage Sort through the apples during harvest Remove and promptly use bruised or cut apples Also remove apples which exhibit insect and disease problems Separate the apples by size Use the largest apples first as they dont store as well as the smaller fruit
7
Horticulture Base Product
Once harvested and sorted store the undamaged apples immediately The temperature and relative humidity during storage are critical for maximum storage life Proper storage conditions for apples are a temperature near 32ordmF and a relative humidity between 90 and 95 percent Apple varieties such as Red Delicious stored under optimum conditions may be stored up to 3 to 5 months Apples stored at a temperature of 50ordmF will spoil two to three times faster than those stored at 32ordmF If the humidity during storage is low apples will dehydrate and shrivel
7
Horticulture Base Product
THE END
7
Horticulture Base Product
Late season Red GoldGolden Delicious Yellow Newton Granny Smith
King Pippin American
Apirouge Kerry Pippin Sunhari
Chamure
Rymer Buckingham
Storage
APPLE -
The harvest period for apples varies from one variety (cultivar) to another For example Jonathan apples are normally harvested in mid to late September Gardeners therefore should base the harvest time on the maturity of the apples rather than a specific calendar date
There are several indicators of apple maturity Mature apples are firm crisp juicy well-colored and have developed the characteristic flavor of the variety Red color alone is not a reliable indicator of maturity Red Delicious apples for example often turn red before the fruit are mature Fruit harvested too early are astringent sour starchy and poorly flavored Apples harvested too late are soft and mushy
7
Horticulture Base Product
Storage Conditions
Temperature -10 to 00C with exceptionsRelative Humidity 90-95Storage Period 2-8 Months (depends on variety)Freezing Point -170c aprox
When harvesting apples pick and handle the fruit carefully to prevent unnecessary damage Sort through the apples during harvest Remove and promptly use bruised or cut apples Also remove apples which exhibit insect and disease problems Separate the apples by size Use the largest apples first as they dont store as well as the smaller fruit
7
Horticulture Base Product
Once harvested and sorted store the undamaged apples immediately The temperature and relative humidity during storage are critical for maximum storage life Proper storage conditions for apples are a temperature near 32ordmF and a relative humidity between 90 and 95 percent Apple varieties such as Red Delicious stored under optimum conditions may be stored up to 3 to 5 months Apples stored at a temperature of 50ordmF will spoil two to three times faster than those stored at 32ordmF If the humidity during storage is low apples will dehydrate and shrivel
7
Horticulture Base Product
THE END
7
Horticulture Base Product
Storage Conditions
Temperature -10 to 00C with exceptionsRelative Humidity 90-95Storage Period 2-8 Months (depends on variety)Freezing Point -170c aprox
When harvesting apples pick and handle the fruit carefully to prevent unnecessary damage Sort through the apples during harvest Remove and promptly use bruised or cut apples Also remove apples which exhibit insect and disease problems Separate the apples by size Use the largest apples first as they dont store as well as the smaller fruit
7
Horticulture Base Product
Once harvested and sorted store the undamaged apples immediately The temperature and relative humidity during storage are critical for maximum storage life Proper storage conditions for apples are a temperature near 32ordmF and a relative humidity between 90 and 95 percent Apple varieties such as Red Delicious stored under optimum conditions may be stored up to 3 to 5 months Apples stored at a temperature of 50ordmF will spoil two to three times faster than those stored at 32ordmF If the humidity during storage is low apples will dehydrate and shrivel
7
Horticulture Base Product
THE END
7
Horticulture Base Product
Once harvested and sorted store the undamaged apples immediately The temperature and relative humidity during storage are critical for maximum storage life Proper storage conditions for apples are a temperature near 32ordmF and a relative humidity between 90 and 95 percent Apple varieties such as Red Delicious stored under optimum conditions may be stored up to 3 to 5 months Apples stored at a temperature of 50ordmF will spoil two to three times faster than those stored at 32ordmF If the humidity during storage is low apples will dehydrate and shrivel
7
Horticulture Base Product
THE END
7
Horticulture Base Product
THE END