horizontal integration
TRANSCRIPT
• Horizontal Integration
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Consolidation (business) More than 50% ownership — Subsidiary
1 horizontal integration:is the combination of firms in the same business lines and markets
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Peace journalism - Objectivity
1 And indeed researchers also note the importance of relationship building
for 'vertical and horizontal integration' in peacebuilding to
support the sustainability of institutional reform and in promoting 'peace with justice' and respect for
human rights.
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Mergers and acquisitions - Short-run factors
1 The most viable solution to this problem was for firms to merge,
through horizontal integration, with other top firms in the market in order to control a large market share and thus successfully set a higher price.
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System integration - Methods of integration
1 Horizontal Integration or Enterprise Service Bus (ESB) is an integration
method in which a specialized subsystem is dedicated to
communication between other subsystems
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Columbia Pictures - Reorganization and new name
1 Columbia's product line consisted mostly of moderately budgeted features and short subjects including comedies, sports films, various serials, and cartoons. Columbia
gradually moved into the production of higher-budget fare, eventually joining the second tier of Hollywood studios along with United Artists and Universal Pictures|Universal. Like United
Artists and Universal, Columbia was a horizontal integration|horizontally integrated company
that only controlled production and distribution.
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Vertical integration
1 It is contrasted with horizontal integration
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Vertical integration - Three types
1 Vertical integration is the degree to which a firm owns its upstream suppliers and its
downstream buyers. Contrary to horizontal integration, which is a consolidation of
many firms that handle the same part of the production process, vertical integration is typified by one firm engaged in different
parts of production (e.g., growing raw materials, manufacturing, transporting,
marketing, and/or retailing).
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Economic integration - Etymology
1 In economics, the word integration was first employed in industrial
organisation to refer to combinations of business firms through economic
agreements, cartels, concerns, trusts, and mergers—horizontal
integration referring to combinations of competitors, vertical integration to
combinations of suppliers with customers
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Facebook Places - Phone
1 On September 2010, rumors of a Facebook Phone similar to Google's Android,
circulated in business and tech industry news. In an interview with well-known technology blog Techcrunch, CEO Mark Zuckerberg was noted to have said, Our strategy is very Horizontal integration|horizontal. We're trying to build a social layer for everything, while denying that
they were attempting to compete with the Apple iPhone or Android.
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Strategic management - Origin
1 He developed a grid that compared strategies for market penetration,
product development, market development and horizontal
integration|horizontal and vertical integration and diversification
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Strategic management - Growth and portfolio theory
1 The benefits of high market share naturally led to an interest in growth strategies. The relative advantages
of horizontal integration, vertical integration, diversification,
Franchising|franchises, mergers and acquisitions, joint ventures and organic growth were discussed.
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Systems integration - Methods of integration
1 'Horizontal Integration' or 'Enterprise Service Bus' (ESB) is an integration
method in which a specialized subsystem is dedicated to
communication between other subsystems
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Foundation Fieldbus H1 - Foundation HSE
1 FOUNDATION HSE is a control network technology specifically
designed for process automation to connect higher-level devices such as
controllers and remote-I/O, high-density data generators etc., and for horizontal integration of subsystems.
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Whole Foods Market - Company makeup and relations
1 This merger granted Whole Market horizontal integration, as well as
more control over competitors and price competition in the health foods
market, the external environment.Fligstein, Neil (1993)
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Diversification (marketing strategy) - Another interpretation
1 Horizontal integration occurs when a firm enters a new business (either related or unrelated) at the same stage of production as its current
operations
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Standard Oil
1 Standard Oil dominated the oil products market initially through horizontal integration
in the refining sector, then, in later years vertical integration; the company was an
innovator in the development of the business trust (monopoly)|trust. The Standard Oil trust streamlined production and logistics, lowered
costs, and undercut competitors. Trust-busting critics accused Standard Oil of using
aggressive pricing to destroy competitors and form a monopoly that threatened consumers.
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Department store - New York City
1 His innovations included buying from manufacturers for cash and in large quantities,
keeping his markup small and prices low, truthful presentation of merchandise, the one-price policy (so there was no haggling), simple merchandise returns and cash refund policy, selling for cash and not credit, buyers who
searched worldwide for quality merchandise, departmentalization, vertical and horizontal
integration, volume sales, and free services for customers such as waiting rooms and free
delivery of purchases
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Marconi Electronic Systems - Demerger
1 In contrast, DASA's response to the breakdown of the merger discussion was to merge with Aérospatiale to create the European Aeronautic
Defence and Space Company (EADS), a horizontal integration
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John D. Rockefeller - Founding and early growth
1 Standard was growing Horizontal integration|horizontally and Vertical integration|vertically
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John D. Rockefeller - Monopoly
1 Standard Oil gradually gained almost complete control of oil refining and
marketing in the United States through horizontal integration
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Horizontal integration
1 In business, 'horizontal integration' is a strategy where a company creates or acquires production (economics)|production units for outputs which are alike - either complementary or
competitive
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Horizontal integration
1 'Horizontal integration' is the opposite to vertical integration,
where companies integrate multiple stages of production of a small
number of production units.
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Horizontal integration - Benefits of horizontal integration
1 Horizontal integration, that is the consolidation of holdings across
multiple industries, has displaced the old vertical integration of the
Hollywood studios
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Japanese post-war economic miracle - Ikeda administration and keiretsu
1 The keiretsu spurred both horizontal integration|horizontal and vertical
integration, locking out foreign companies from Japanese industries
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Vandenberg Air Force Base - Delta IV
1 As it is currently configured, the launch site features structures
similar to Boeing's Delta IV SLC-37 launch site at Cape Canaveral Air
Force Station in Florida, with a Fixed Umbilical Tower, Mobile Service
Tower, Fixed Pad Erector, Launch Control Center and Operations
Building, and a Horizontal Integration Facilityhttps://store.theartofservice.com/the-horizontal-integration-toolkit.html
SpaceX Rocket Development and Test Facility - Florida
1 The pad is currently being modified to support Falcon 9 and Falcon Heavy launch vehicles, which will
include the construction of a horizontal integration facility—similar to that used at existing leased
facilities at Cape Canaveral AFS and Vandenberg AFB, but a marked difference from the Vehicle Assembly
Building|vertical integration facility used by previous Federal government of the United States|US
government rockets that used the launch pad (Apollo Program and the Space Shuttle)—plus the installation of all new instrumentation and control systems, with
substantial new plumbing for a variety of rocket liquids and gasses.
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Delta IV rocket
1 The rockets are assembled at the Horizontal Integration Facility for
launches from Cape Canaveral Air Force Station Space Launch Complex
37|SLC-37B at Cape Canaveral Air Force Station|Cape Canaveral, and in
a similar facility for launches from Vandenberg AFB Space Launch
Complex 6|SLC-6 at Vandenberg Air Force Base.
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Delta IV rocket - Launch sites
1 Behind the Launch Table is a Fixed Pad Erector (FPE), which uses two
long-stroke hydraulic pistons to raise the vehicle to the vertical position
after being rolled to the pad from the Horizontal Integration Facility (HIF)
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Delta IV rocket - Launch sites
1 The Horizontal Integration Facility (HIF) is situated some distance from the pad
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Delta IV rocket - Vehicle processing
1 Delta IV CBCs are assembled at ULA's factory in Decatur, Alabama. They are then loaded
onto the M/V Delta Mariner|M/V Delta Mariner, a roll-on/roll-off cargo ship|vessel,
and shipped to either launch pad. There, they are offloaded and rolled into a Horizontal Integration Facility (HIF), where they are
mated with the second stages, which were shipped separately to the pad on the Delta Mariner. Also, in the HIF, the three CBCs of
Heavy variant are mated to each other.
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Doctor–patient relationship - Transitional care
1 Special strategies of integrated care may be required where multiple
health care providers are involved, including horizontal integration
(linking similar levels of care, e.g
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Mid-Atlantic Regional Spaceport - Facilities
1 The pad modifications for Antares included the construction of a
Horizontal Integration Facility for launcher/payload mating and a
wheeled transporter/erector that will roll out and erect the rocket on its launch pad about 24 hours prior to
launch.
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Corporate strategy - PIMS study
1 The relative advantages of horizontal integration, vertical integration,
diversification, Franchising|franchises, mergers and acquisitions,
joint ventures and organic growth were discussed
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Cygnus CRS Orb-1 - Launch and early operations
1 The Antares launch vehicle rolled out from the Wallops Horizontal
Integration Facility (HIF) on the morning of 17 December, and was
later erected at Launch Pad 0A
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Technological and industrial history of the United States - Petroleum
1 Rockefeller was a forceful driver of horizontal integration|consolidation
in the American oil industry
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Grand strategy
1 Examples of business grand strategies that can be customized for a specific firm include: concentration,
market development, product development, innovation, horizontal
integration, divestiture, and liquidation.
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Honeywell International - GE-Honeywell merger attempt
1 This decision was taken on the grounds that GE's dominance of the large jet
engine market (led by the General Electric CF34 turbofan engine), leasing services
(GE Commercial Aviation Services|GECAS), and Honeywell's portfolio of regional jet engines and avionics, the new company would be able to bundle products and
stifle competition through the creation of a Horizontal integration|horizontal monopoly
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Span of control - Theoretical considerations
1 from purchasing to manufacturing, it can be considered as a first attempt to create a horizontal integration of
related activities under a certain level of self-management, an early
business process.
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Whole Foods - Company structure
1 This merger provided Whole Foods Market horizontal integration, as well as more control over competitors and price competition in the health foods
market.
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Business-agile enterprise - Business-agile enterprise framework
1 The business-agile enterprise framework describes how a B-AF functions in real-world operations. It highlights the big picture and
shows how business and IT can work together. The B-AEF is a unifying management system that connects the business technology sides
of the company and facilitates their coordination as a whole. It addresses business technology as one holistic,
structured management system achieving consistent vertical and horizontal integration.
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Upper-Clyde Shipbuilders Work-in - Formation
1 This consolidation came about as a result of Geddes Report, published in 1966 and the
subsequent Shipbuilding Industry Act 1967, sponsored by the Minister of Technology|Ministry
of Technology under Wedgewood Benn, which recommended rationalisation and horizontal
integration of shipbuilding in the United Kingdom into large regional groups, aided with grants from the state Shipbuilding Industry Board, in order to achieve economies of scale and better compete
in the market for increasingly large merchant vessels like VLCCs
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303d Aeronautical Systems Wing - Overview
1 Wing responsibilities also include identifying, coordinating and
implementing horizontal integration/capability planning across
weapons systems in support of the Global Strike and Global Persistent
Attack concept of operations.
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Economy of Asia - 1945-1990
1 Close cooperation between the government, corporations and banks
facilitated easy access to much-needed capital, and large
conglomerates known as keiretsu spurred horizontal integration|
horizontal and vertical integration across all industries, keeping out
foreign competition
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Media-system dependency - Conception of the Media system and of media power
1 In this view, the function of media is seen as a key structure for vertical
and horizontal integration of society
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Oportunidades - The Political Organization of Progresa-Oportunidades
1 Progresa-Oportunidades is designed to be a centrally run program that relies on a horizontal integration of programs and services among the
various agencies and ministries within the executive branch
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Harry Cohn - Life and career
1 As a horizontal integration|horizontally integrated company that
only controlled production and distribution, Columbia had previously been at the mercy of theater owners
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Intensive pig farming - North Carolina
1 The initial horizontal integration and the vertical integration that arose in this industry resulted in numerous
issues, including issues of environmental disparity, loss of work, pollution, animal rights, and overall
general public health
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Intensive pig farming - North Carolina
1 Originally, Murphy Family Farms Horizontal integration|horizontally
integrated the North Carolina system. They laid the groundwork for
the industry to be Vertical integration|vertically integrated. Today the hog industry in North
Carolina is led by Smithfield Foods, which has expanded into both nationwide and international
production.https://store.theartofservice.com/the-horizontal-integration-toolkit.html
Acquisition of NBC Universal by Comcast - Scale of new company
1 The Comcast-NBC consolidation expands Comcast both vertically and horizontally
within the media market. Vertical integration includes the combination of video producer
(NBC) and video distributor (Comcast). Horizontal integration includes adding NBC’s programming, such as Bravo and others to Comcast’s programming, including the Golf
channel, E! and others; secondly, adding NBC’s broadcasting station to Comcast’s
video network.
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Consent decree - Antitrust law
1 United States, the government used consent decrees to dissolve the Horizontal integration|horizontal
monopoly that John D
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Merger guidelines
1 The merger guidelines have sections governing both horizontal integration and
vertical integration.
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Agriculture in Bulgaria - Farm consolidation in the 1960s
1 In the short term, they were to achieve horizontal integration by
specializing in three or fewer crops and one type of livestock
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Vertically integrated
1 It is contrasted with horizontal integration
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American Sugar Refining Company - Expansion
1 The combination horizontal integration|expanded horizontally for about twenty years as new competitors arose; later it vertical integration|expanded vertically,
undertaking the production of cane sugar and raw sugar in Cuba and acquiring lumber interests. The company was
investigated by the Industrial Commission in 1900 and by a special United States
Congressional committee|congressional committee in 1911–1912.
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Nationalization of oil supplies - Change in the horizontal integration of the oil industry
1 In 1965, the Herfindahl index of horizontal integration for the crude
oil production industry was 1600 and the horizontal integration for the exploration industry was 1250
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Lucas Bols - Wessanen merger
1 Dutch foods giant Royal Wessanen and Bols saw a natural fit for
horizontal integration, and a merger was completed into a new company:
'Bols Wessanen'
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History of the hamburger - White Castle System
1 The American shortage of beef during World War II had little effect on sales across White Castle, due to
the effect of vertical integration along with the appearance of fast
food chains that operated on a franchising|franchise model that
emphasized horizontal integration.
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