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ARCON - PN2/92083/2008Horia Hulubei NationalI tit t f Ph i d

Disinfestation by ionizingInstitute of Physics andNuclear Engineering

Disinfestation by ionizing radiation: A chance forradiation: A chance for

future of archives

Ioan Valentin Moise1 Constantin Stanciu2 Catalina MihaelaIoan Valentin Moise , Constantin Stanciu , Catalina Mihaela Talasman2, Steluta Nisipeanu3, Zamfir Balan4

1 IFIN-HH – “Horia Hulubei” National Institute for Physics an Nuclear Engineering2 CEPROHART SA – Pulp and Paper Research Institute3 “Alexandru Darabonţ” National Institute for Work Safety3 – Alexandru Darabonţ National Institute for Work Safety4 – Braila Museum

In the last century, the technological development produced huge quantities of written paper

"Doina Darvaş” Seminar on Conservation-Restauration 2November 2009

To the preservation of useful information, part of this written paper went to archives

S f b t fSome of may become part of cultural heritage.


Workplace Mezophyles Hemolytic Temp R H

Work Safety in archives (Air contamination)1

Workplace(Law Court Archive)

Mezophyles germs

Hemolytic germs

Temp.ºC

R.H.%

A hi 1 2953 83 21 69Archive 1 2953 83 21 69

Archive 2 8746 87 21 69

Archive 3 2588 79 20 67Archive 3 2588 79 20 67

Archive 4 3228 78 21 68

Archive 5 1128 70 21 65Archive 5 1128 70 21 65

Archive 6 2598 72 20 67

Archive 7 4472 83 20 70

Archive 8 2576 61 21 67

1INCDPM, “Impactul agentilor biologici prezenti in arhive asupra securitatii si sanatatii in munca”, ARCON-9-083/2008.RIA I/2009


ARCON P j tARCON ProjectPN2/C2/Partnership – Contract 92-083/2008PN2/C2/Partnership – Contract 92-083/2008

“Disinfestation by ionizing radiation: A chance for futureDisinfestation by ionizing radiation: A chance for future of archives”

CO IFIN-HH RADIATION

PROCESSING P2 CEPROHART

PULP&PAPERP3 INCDPM

WORKSAFETYPULP&PAPER WORK SAFETY

CONSERVATION P4 Braila Museum


Paper has a limited life-time!The lifetime of newspaper is 1 day!p p y

Accelerating ageing does not give satisfactoryAccelerating ageing does not give satisfactory results - NIST study of paper ageing over 100 years (started in 2000!)( )

(Arnold 2000, ASTM Paper Aging Research Program, The American Inst. for Cons., The Paper Group Annual, Vol. XIX)

Paper is a food source for micro-organisms, insects, rodentsrodents.


Biological attack ...Insects

Religious book (XIX Century) from “Perspessicius” collection of Braila Museum


Biological attack ...Microorganisms

Book and magazines (XX Century) from “Perspessicius” collection -Braila Museum


Biological attack ...Rodents

Magazine (XX Century) from IFIF-HH archive


... coming after natural disasters ...

(Historisches Archiv der Stadt Köln - 3 Martie2009)"Doina Darvaş” Seminar on Conservation-

Restauration 10November 2009

( )

... coming after natural disasters ...

(Library of Colorado State(Library of Colorado State University, July 28, 1997)


... or bad storage conditions ...W. Horsley Gantt Collection, Medical archives of

Johns Hopkins University (1980):p y ( )“The materials, however, had been stored in a

dilapidated row house in Baltimore that was infesteddilapidated row house in Baltimore that was infested with insects, rodents, and dog and cat carcasses [ ] But what they found littered amongcarcasses.[…] But what they found littered among the rubbish (which also included stray car fenders and giant balls of string) [ ] “and giant balls of string) […]

(Sinco, P., The Use of Gamma Rays in Book Conservation, Nuclear News April 2000 38-40)Nuclear News, April 2000, 38 40)


... or bad storage conditions ...

IFIN-HH archive


ARCON P j tARCON ProjectPN2/C2/Partnership – Contract 92-083/2008PN2/C2/Partnership – Contract 92-083/2008

Goals:Goals:- To establish a method of bio-decontamination appropriate for the conservation of documents from archives and cultural heritagearchives and cultural heritage - To provide the archive owner with a decisional instrument regarding the action for eliminating theinstrument regarding the action for eliminating the bio-contamination


ARCON ProjectPN2/C2/Partnership – Contract 92-083/2008

Issues:

- Radiation dose

- Archive evaluation

- Effects of ionizing radiations on paper


ARCON Project

Steps:PN2/C2/Partnership – Contract 92-083/2008Steps:

I. Preliminary testsy- Phisical and chemicl tests on “reference” paper irradiated

in a large dose interval (IFIN-HH, CEPROHART SA)g ( , )- Study of endo- amd exogen factors affecting the ageing of

paper (CEPROHART SA)p p ( )- Identification and evaluation of work safety risks

(INCDPM). Bioburden tests (INCPM, IFIN-HH)- Archive evaluation, sampling, conditioning of samples



II T ti i t l b t hII. Testing over an experimental batch- Phisical and chemical tests on paper from archives and

l ti i di t d i th d i t l i t t (IFINcolections irradiated in the dose interval on interest (IFIN-HH, CEPROHART)Bioburden tests on samples from archives and collections- Bioburden tests on samples from archives and collections (INCDPM, IFIN-HH)



III. Testing over an extended batch- Irradiation of experimental batch (Perspesiciuss” Colection

of Braila Museum, IFIN-HH Archive)- Validation tests (VDmax - ISO 11137 method)- Post – irradiation tests

IV. Dissemination of the results- Communications, patents- Guidelines for the irradiation of archives


Radiation dose

“overkill” dose D10 – absorbed dose reducing bioburden by 10vs. reducing bioburden by 10

The purpose of the treatment is notThe purpose of the treatment is not sterilization, but reducing the bioburden to

t bl l lan acceptable level


Radiation resistance of microrganisms from archiveRadiation resistance of microrganisms from archive

paperpaper

y= 623.92e-3.8668x10000y

1000D 0 60

100C/m

l) D10=0.60

10N (U

FC

1

10N

10 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1Dose (kGy)


( y

Archive evaluation

• Physicaly

Ch i l• Chemical

• Biological


Archive evaluation

Existing guidelines:

J. Havermans, P. Marres P. Defize, The Development of a Universal Procedure for Archiveof a Universal Procedure for Archive Assessment, Restaurator. Volume 20, Issue 1 Pages 48 55 19991, Pages 48–55, 1999

AFNOR Methode d’evaluation de l’etat physiqueAFNOR, Methode d evaluation de l etat physique des fonds d’archives and et des bibliotheques Norme Francaise NF-Z40-011 2005bibliotheques, Norme Francaise NF Z40 011, 2005


Radiation effects

scission of β glycoside bonds of cellulose

γ,e-

scission of β-glycoside bonds of cellulose


Archive evaluation

Major categories:Major categories:- Paper made up to 1806 (old paper)

Paper made bet een 1806 and1990 (acid- Paper made between 1806 and1990 (acid paper)

- Paper made after 1990 (permanent paper)


ARCON Project

TG/DTA

Methods of investigationCC

TG/DTA + GC/MSFTIR RAMAN Deg ee of c stallinitDeg ee of c stallinit

Degree of polimeriationDegree of polimeriation

CORR

CORR

FTIR, RAMANMechanical

testing

Degree of crystallinityDegree of crystallinity

Mechanical & chemical propertiesMechanical & chemical properties

RELA

RELA

testingChemical

t ti Radiolysis productsRadiolysis products

Mechanical & chemical propertiesMechanical & chemical properties

ATIO

ATIO

testingColour testing

y py pDegradation mechanism,Degradation mechanism,

ONON

ESRComputer modelling


Preliminary results :TENSILE TEST MD

50 Copier paper - high qualityC i l lit

1 4 0

20

30

40

50

F max

(N/m

m2 )

Copier paper - low qualityWhatman paper

4 0

6 0

8 0

1 0 0

1 2 0

WI E

313

0

10

0 20 40 60 80 100Dose (kGy)

0 2 0 4 0 6 0 8 0 1 0 00

2 0

4 0

D o s e [ k G y ]

SampleH2O % content

organic % content

inorganic % content

Whatman 42 2.5±2 97.5±2 0.00Copier low

quality 6±2 75±2 19±2Copier high

quality 4±4 77±4 19±1

(IFIN-HH, 2009)


Preliminary results:TENSILE - Old books

40

50MD

10

20

30

40

Fmax

(N) CD

TENSILE - 1923 book

0

10

Book 1881 (60.4g/m2)

Book 1923 (60.0g/m2)

Book 1940 (63.5g/m2)

Book1981 (49.4g/m2)

TENSILE 1923 book 10 sets of samples (each 10 pages)

30

40

50

(N)

MDCD

0

10

20

30

Fmax

(

01 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 CEPROHART SA, 2009


Conclusions

• (HS-TD) + (GC-MS) => same VOC reported in literature. • Color changes are higher for artificially aged paper than for g g y g p pirradiated paper. Whatman paper is the most stable.• Free radicals depletion became stable 4 weeks after irradiation. • For doses lower than 10 kGy the results are hardly statistically discernable• Differences in vibrational spectra of copier paper and Whatman are very low.

C l ti f th i t i t d• Correlation of thermo-gravimetric parameters and mechanical properties.


Acknowlegments

ARCON TEAM is grateful to ANCS and UEFISCDI for financing the project (ctr. 92083/2008) and to IAEA for allowing international p j ( ) gcommunication and training in the frame of TC Project RER/8/015


Thank you for your attention!


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