holt world history world history the human journey holt, rinehart and winston the great depression...

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World HistoryWorld HistoryTHE HUMAN JOURNEYTHE HUMAN JOURNEY

HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

The Great Depression and The Great Depression and the Rise of Totalitarianismthe Rise of Totalitarianism

Section 1:Section 1: The Postwar EraThe Postwar Era

Section 2:Section 2: Postwar Prosperity CrumblesPostwar Prosperity Crumbles

Section 3:Section 3: Political Tensions After World War IPolitical Tensions After World War I

Section 4:Section 4: Fascist DictatorshipsFascist Dictatorships

Section 5:Section 5: Dictatorship in the Soviet UnionDictatorship in the Soviet Union

CHAPTER 28CHAPTER 28

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Objectives:Objectives:Explain how scientific theories affected thinking in Explain how scientific theories affected thinking in

other areas of life.other areas of life.Identify ways in which writers, musicians, painters, Identify ways in which writers, musicians, painters,

and architects experimented with new forms.and architects experimented with new forms.Describe how popular culture and consumerism Describe how popular culture and consumerism

affected societies.affected societies.

Section 1: Section 1:

The Postwar EraThe Postwar EraThe Postwar EraThe Postwar Era

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The Effects of Scientific Events and IdeasThe Effects of Scientific Events and IdeasA global epidemicA global epidemicScientific and social theoriesScientific and social theories



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New Directions in LiteratureNew Directions in LiteratureDissatisfaction with traditional ideas, disillusionmentDissatisfaction with traditional ideas, disillusionmentExamination of unconscious motivationsExamination of unconscious motivationsSurrealismSurrealismPoetry without rhyme with lines of varying lengthsPoetry without rhyme with lines of varying lengths



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New Directions in Music, Painting, and ArchitectureNew Directions in Music, Painting, and Architecture

Music – Stravinsky, Schoenberg; radio gave rise Music – Stravinsky, Schoenberg; radio gave rise to jazzto jazz

Painting – Picasso created cubism; Dali used Painting – Picasso created cubism; Dali used surrealismsurrealism

Architecture – Sullivan used functionalism, Architecture – Sullivan used functionalism, developed skyscraper; Frank Lloyd Wright developed skyscraper; Frank Lloyd Wright influenced international styleinfluenced international style



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Popular Culture and ConsumerismPopular Culture and ConsumerismEntertainment – motion pictures, sportsEntertainment – motion pictures, sportsConsumer culture – more luxury items purchased, Consumer culture – more luxury items purchased,

radio advertising, buying on credit, prohibitionradio advertising, buying on credit, prohibition



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Objectives:Objectives:Identify the weaknesses that appeared in the Identify the weaknesses that appeared in the

global economy during the postwar era.global economy during the postwar era.Describe how nations initially responded to the Describe how nations initially responded to the

Great Depression.Great Depression.Explain how the New Deal marked a shift in the Explain how the New Deal marked a shift in the

U.S. government’s relationship with its citizens U.S. government’s relationship with its citizens and the economy.and the economy.


Postwar Prosperity CrumblesPostwar Prosperity CrumblesPostwar Prosperity CrumblesPostwar Prosperity Crumbles

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Signs of Economic TroublesSigns of Economic TroublesFarmers – farmers struggled while industry Farmers – farmers struggled while industry

prosperedprosperedProtectionism – economic nationalismProtectionism – economic nationalismSpeculation and panic – risky investments in Speculation and panic – risky investments in

stock market, Black Tuesday occurred when stock market, Black Tuesday occurred when stock market crashedstock market crashed



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The Great DepressionThe Great DepressionDestroyed surplusesDestroyed surplusesTried economic nationalismTried economic nationalism



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The New DealThe New DealProgram of relief and reformProgram of relief and reformSocial Security Act provided for unemployment Social Security Act provided for unemployment

and old-age benefitsand old-age benefits



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Objectives:Objectives:Describe the difficulties that France faced during Describe the difficulties that France faced during

the postwar years.the postwar years.Explain how the British government dealt with its Explain how the British government dealt with its

domestic problems.domestic problems.Identify the problems that weakened eastern Identify the problems that weakened eastern

European governments.European governments.


Political Tensions After World War IPolitical Tensions After World War IPolitical Tensions After World War IPolitical Tensions After World War I

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France’s Postwar DifficultiesFrance’s Postwar DifficultiesThe economy – government and individuals were The economy – government and individuals were

in debtin debtInternational affairs – Locarno Pact pledged that International affairs – Locarno Pact pledged that

countries would peacefully settle all future disputescountries would peacefully settle all future disputesPolitical unrest – strikes in various industries; Political unrest – strikes in various industries;

Popular Front came to power, then fell; extremist Popular Front came to power, then fell; extremist actionsactions



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Great Britain After World War IGreat Britain After World War ILabor troubles – outdated industry, unemploymentLabor troubles – outdated industry, unemploymentIreland - bloody revolt against Great Britain; Irish Ireland - bloody revolt against Great Britain; Irish

Republican Army fought for independenceRepublican Army fought for independence



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Eastern EuropeEastern EuropeWeak economiesWeak economiesConflicts between socialists and conservativesConflicts between socialists and conservativesNew boundaries caused unrestNew boundaries caused unrest



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Objectives:Objectives:Describe how Benito Mussolini transformed Italy Describe how Benito Mussolini transformed Italy

into a fascist state.into a fascist state.Explain why the Weimar Republic failed.Explain why the Weimar Republic failed.Trace how Adolf Hitler became an important Trace how Adolf Hitler became an important

figure in Germany.figure in Germany.Describe how the Nazis used power in Germany.Describe how the Nazis used power in Germany.


Fascist DictatorshipsFascist DictatorshipsFascist DictatorshipsFascist Dictatorships

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The Rise of Fascism in ItalyThe Rise of Fascism in ItalyFascist doctrine – dictatorship and totalitarianism, Fascist doctrine – dictatorship and totalitarianism,

opposed communism and democracyopposed communism and democracyMussolini’s rise to power – appointed Fascists to Mussolini’s rise to power – appointed Fascists to

all official positions in center governmentall official positions in center governmentThe corporatist state – major economic activities The corporatist state – major economic activities

were organized similar to corporationswere organized similar to corporations



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The Weimar RepublicThe Weimar RepublicTreaty of Versailles was humiliating, opposed Treaty of Versailles was humiliating, opposed

Germany’s interestsGermany’s interestsHigh unemployment, soaring inflationHigh unemployment, soaring inflation



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The Nazis and HitlerThe Nazis and HitlerNazi Party was extremely nationalistic, anti-Nazi Party was extremely nationalistic, anti-

Semitic, and anticommunistSemitic, and anticommunistHitler wrote Hitler wrote Mein KampfMein Kampf, which planned for racial , which planned for racial

purity, promised to repeal Treaty of Versaillespurity, promised to repeal Treaty of Versailles



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The Nazis in PowerThe Nazis in PowerCreated anticommunist hysteriaCreated anticommunist hysteria



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Objectives:Objectives:Identify the terms of the New Economic Policy.Identify the terms of the New Economic Policy.Describe how Stalin shaped the Soviet economy.Describe how Stalin shaped the Soviet economy.Explain why Stalin imprisoned and executed Explain why Stalin imprisoned and executed

millions of Soviet people.millions of Soviet people.


Dictatorship in the Soviet UnionDictatorship in the Soviet UnionDictatorship in the Soviet UnionDictatorship in the Soviet Union

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Russia Under LeninRussia Under LeninNew Economic Policy – nationalized industries, New Economic Policy – nationalized industries,

collectivized armscollectivized armsWomen’s roles – gave women more rightsWomen’s roles – gave women more rightsEducation was priorityEducation was priority



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The Five-Year PlanThe Five-Year PlanAmbitious agricultural, industrial, and social goals Ambitious agricultural, industrial, and social goals

to create a modern, industrialized societyto create a modern, industrialized societyCaused hardships for Soviet people, were forced Caused hardships for Soviet people, were forced

to complyto comply



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Stalin’s DictatorshipStalin’s DictatorshipGovernment under Stalin – purge of disloyal party Government under Stalin – purge of disloyal party

members, extended to general populationmembers, extended to general populationForeign policy – wanted rest of world to accept Foreign policy – wanted rest of world to accept

Soviet Union, but tried to spread Communist Soviet Union, but tried to spread Communist revolutionrevolution



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