holographic radar for the detection of drone incursions at airports · 2019. 10. 4. · towards...
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www.aveillant.com
Holographic Radar for the detection of drone incursions at airportsTIM QUILTER
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2 Ref number- date
Name of the company/ Template : 87204467-DOC-GRP-EN-002
Outline
▌ The non-cooperative threat
▌Generic airport scenarios
▌ Threat mitigation
▌ Typical non-cooperative system components
▌ The challenge of detecting drones with radar
▌How Holographic Radar detects and classifies drones
▌ Towards airspace integration
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Name of the company/ Template : 87204467-DOC-GRP-EN-002
The non-cooperative drone threat
▌ Infringement
Ignorant infringer
- E.g. amateur unaware they are
infringing
Careless infringer
- E.g. knowingly breaching rules for
personal gain
Malicious infringer
▌ Failure in cooperative system
Loss of cooperative data link
Loss of control
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Generic airport scenario 1 – perimeter surveillance
▌ Risk
Unauthorised drones breaching the airport perimeter.
▌ Stakeholders – airport operator
Security team
Safeguarding team
▌ Challenges
Visibility over whole airport in highly built environment
High amounts of legitimate movement
▌ Solution
Multi-segment surveillance
Runway
Runway
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Generic airport scenario 2 – approach protection
▌ Risk
Drone interfering with aircraft in flight
▌ Stakeholder
ANSP
▌ Challenges
Detection range
Classification of unknown target
▌ Solution
Two segment surveillance
Runway
Runway
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Threat mitigation - Supporting enforcement
▌ Managing the potential risk
Location
Infringement nature
Apparent intent
▌ Managing the response
Situational awareness for security/law enforcement
Confirms the infringement has ended
▌ Post threat action
Evidence for prosecution
▌ Drone attack systems not suited to
airports
Authorisation
Risk to aircraft
Ground risk
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Typical system components
▌Command & Control (C2)
Integrates multiple sensors
User interface
▌Radar sensor
Long range
All weather
▌RF direction finders (option)
Detects controller if being used
▌Electro-optics (option)
Positively identifies drone
C2 Radar
RF EO
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The detection challenge
▌ Drone characteristics
Small – 0.05 to 0.001 m²
Flying at low altitude
Low speed & erratic flightpath
▌ Targets similar to birds or large
insects
Huge challenge to detect, track & classify
Air Traffic Management
Military Operations
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The radar challenge
Low
• Strong ground reflection
Slow• Difficult to distinguish
from clutter
Small
• Tiny reflection
• Other small objects
Detection
•3D
•High sensitivity
Clutter rejection
•3D
•High Doppler resolution
Target classification
•Data rich signals
•High update rate
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Overcoming the conventional radar limits
▌ Mechanical scan
▌ Electronic scan
▌ Omni-directional stare
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Holographic Radar - a 3D staring solution
▌ 3D
Airborne targets separated from ground targets
▌ Staring (continuous observation)
Behaviour can be tracked over time
Target and clutter features can be extracted
- Clutter suppressed- Targets of interest identified
High update rate
- Track maintenance during erratic flight V
HRange
TimePulse frames
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Holographic Radar family - modular solution
▌ Modular
Common hardware modules
Common software
▌ Theia – aircraft detection
ATM applications
▌ Gamekeeper – drone detection
Counter UAS
UAS traffic management
Transmit
Antenna
Power Amplifier
Timing &
Waveform Generator
Channel Data
Processor & GPU
Target
Processor
Network
Receive
Antenna
Theia 384A
x 12
x 32
Gamekeeper 16U
Shared with Channel
and Data Processor
UAS PSR 60NM
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Gamekeeper 16U Holographic Radar
▌ Detect, track and classify all
drones
▌ Technology
L band – 1.25 GHz
Peak power 2 kW
90 degree sector coverage
▌ Performance
Range 7.5km
0.01m2 target at 5km/3000ft
0.25s update (4 times per second)
ASTERIX data output
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A high sensitivity solution means everything is tracked
Without intelligence:
100s of reported tracks in 1 hour period.
Just 5 actual drone tracks
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Extracting target and clutter features allows classification
With intelligence:
Machine learned classification algorithm
When layered
with other sensors
it enables an
automated low
false alarm system
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SESAR SAFIR example
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Integrating drones into the airspace
RR
R
R: Restricted Area
Main AssetProtection
R
Special EventProtection
R
PermanentAir Surveillance
Drone integration into
controlled airspaceAir Traffic
Management
Drone delivery
Runway & aircraft inspection
Counter UAVUAS Traffic
Management
Airport Protection
Military Operations
10 drones for 1 aircraft foresee