Nghien ciru Ton giao. Sd7 - 2010 37

TON GIAO VA DAN TOC

ANH Hl/dNG CUA Tl/Tl/dNC THIEN TONG VIET NAM

TRONG TIEN TRINH HOI NHAP KINH TE OUOC TE

H di nhap k inh te' qud'c te' la xu hfldng ta't ye'u dd'i vdi dan tdc Viet

Nam. De tan dung dfldc cac thdi cd, van hgi mdi, va g iam thieu hau qua tfl nguy cd, thach thfle ma tie'n t r inh hdi nhap kinh te' qud'c te' m a n g lai, ddi hdi Viet Nam phai phat huy mgi ngudn Iflc cd diidc. Trong dd, khdng the xem nhe cac gia t r i t ruyen thd'ng. Tu" tfldng Thien tdng Viet Nam thfle sfl la mdt g ia t r i truyen thd'ng quy ban can dfldc bao tdn va phat huy. Thdi dai mdi da tao dieu kien cho viee phat huy vai trd eua tfl tfldng Thien tdng Viet Nam.

Thfle vay, Thien ed nghia la Iiia chgn mdt dd'i tiidng rdi tap t rung tri tue tren dd'i tiidng ay, tao ra kha nang loai trfl sfl rdi loan trong tfl duy, tam li eon ngfldi. Lay ddng suy tfl cua con ngfldi lam dd'i tiidng cua Thien. Nen tfl tfldng Thien tdng ed tac dung tich cflc dd'i vdi con ngfldi va xa hdi, gdp phan phuc vu tie'n t r inh hdi nhap kinh te'qud'c t e d Viet Nam hien nay.

Thien tdng, Thien tdng Viet Nam la ke't qua cua qua t r i nh phat t r ien tfl t i idng n h a n loai ve Thien Dinh.

Thien - di san van hda cua Phu'dng Ddng - mdt hgc thuye't, mgt phi idng phap

LE NGOC THONG'*'

tu hanh cd trfldc Phat giao, tfl thdi

thfldng cd d An Do va nhieu ndi khac

t ren the 'gidi .

* "Thien": Xua't pha t tfl k inh Upanisad

la "Jhana"; "Dhyana".

Tie'ng Trung Hoa la "Chan"; sang tie'ng

Nhat Ban la "Zen".

Cd nghia : Dinh lfl hay Tinh lfl; Lfl: tfl

lfl, suy ngam, tfl duy, ngh ien ciiu,...

* "Dinh": gifl (ehi, dfldng chi, ngan chan) cac tii lfl, de tam vang lang, khdng cho cac vgng tfldng, tfl lfl quay rdi, khi dd tam diidc sang td.

Thien diia t r e n ed sd li l uan la sfl t ap t r u n g tii tfldng. Khi bd dc dfldc t a p t r u n g vao mdt dd'i tfldng th i tao r a mdt sflc m a n h ndi tam; T r o n g kh i lam flc che' va khie'n nhf lng p h a n cdn Iai cua vd nao dfldc n g h i ngdi , t h a n h than . Nhfl vay, se t r a n h dfldc h i en tfldng t a m t r i t a n loan, v g n g tfldng, chay theo nhflng due v g n g g a y r a nhflng h a u qua ve mat dao dflc, p h a p luat . Phi idng p h a p thiic h a n h Thien cd nh i eu each tuy theo dieu k ien .

TS., Dai hoc Kinh ti Qu6c dan, Ha Noi.

38 Nghien cuu Ton giao. Sd7 - 2010

Vai trd cua Thien Dinh: Thdng qua

Thien dinh ma tam con ngfldi dfldc an

tinh, thfldng tru. Theo Hoa Thfldng Thich

Thanh Tfl, th ien cd nhieu tac dung: Thfle

hien thanh cdng tham ciiu la nhd Thien

dinh, Thien la phat minh, la sang tao,

Thien tdng tao dflng con ngiidi cd du ba

dflc tinh: Tfl tin. Qua cam va Can cu. Theo

Ajahn Chah, "Sd'ng t rong the' g i an ma V A 9

hanh Thien, ngfldi khac thay ban chang

khac nao cai chieng khdng dfldc danh

ddng va khdng tao nen am thanh nao he't.

Hg tha'y ban nhfl dien rd, tha t bai. Nhifng

thfle ra dieu ngfldc Iai th i diing hdn"''^l Vay: Thien d inh la tap t rung tfl tfldng

vao mdt dd'i tfldng tii duy nha't dinh, A 9 9

khong cho tan loan de cho tam the diidc vang lang, tam dung diidc sang td, m a n h me nham quan sat, suy nghiem chan li. Ndi khac di: Thien cd ngh ia la Ifla chgn mdt dd'i tfldng rdi t ap t r u n g t r i tue t ren dd'i tfldng ay, tao ra kha n a n g loai trfl sfl rdi loan t rong tfl duy, tam Ii con ngiidi.

Trong tie'n t r i nh phat trien, Thien dinh t ra i qua 5 bfldc: Thien ngoai dao, Thien pham phu, Thien Nguyen thuy (Tieu thfla), Thien Dai thfla va Thien Nhii Lai Td'i Thfldng.

a/ Thien Ngoai dao: Tdn tai t rong dao Balamdn, Dao Tien, luyen Yoga, luyen thdi mien, v.v... Qua luyen Thien nham tha'y dfldc cae dieu huyen dieu, cd kha nang than thdng bie'n hda, dfldc trfldng sinh bat lao.

b/ Thien Pham phu cua ngfldi t r an tuc mong thoat Ii khdi cudc ddi, xa lia canh khd, an nhap vao canh siidng vui vdi mdt sd' cap do t i idng ifng (Tfl thien): Sd, Nhi, Tam ,Tfl Thien; Tfl k h d n g dinh: Tfl Khdng vd bien xfl d inh de'n Thfle vd bien xfl; Vd sd hiiu xfl; Phi tfldng; Phi phi tfldng xfl.

c/ Thien Nhi thfla (Thien Nguyen thuy) vdi phtfdng cham: Tfl do, Tfl giac. Nhi thfla Thien diia lai cac bac giac ngd: Thanh Van va Duyen Giac; Tfl da hoan; Tii da ham; Ana ham; Ala ban.

d/ Thien Dai Thfla (cdn ggi la Xua't the' g i an thi idng thfldng Thien) vdi phfldng cham: "Tii ldi, ldi tha; Tii giac, g iac tha"

el Thien Td'i Thfldng thfla (cdn ggi la Thien Nhfl Lai Thanh Tinh, Thien Nhfl Lai Td'i Thiidng, Thien To Sif, Thien Dd'n Ngd, Thien Dat Ma, Thien Tfl Tanh Thanh Tinh, Tam Tdng,...) ma nay ggi la Thien tong

Thien t dng la mdt ddng Thien cua Phat giao, vdi muc tieu giac ngd, giai thoat. Trong mgi n h a n h eiia dao Phat deu cd ap dung p h a p Thien - coi dd nhii mgt dac t inh quan t rgng cua dao Phat. Thien tdng ap d u n g phap Thien theo phong each r i eng va t rd t hanh mdt t rong mfldi tdng phai eua dao Phat (Cau xa, Thanh thiet, Luat, P h a p tfldng, Tam luan , Hoa nghiem, Thien thai, Thien, Mat, va Tinh Do tdng). Phi idng cham eua Thien tdng: Ngfldi da g iac ngd dflng tam de giac ngd ngfldi khac; Di t am an tam. Vi tam t inh con ngfldi la cai cd san khdng thay ddi. Phfldng phap tu tap la Iam cho Thien gia nhan ra dfldc tam tinh. Bdi vay, thfle sfl: Thien tdng la cdt tuy cua Dao Phat. Trong t inh quy luat cua sii tie'p bie'n, Ian toa cua van hoa, Phat g iao da dfldc du nhap vao Viet Nam tfl ra t sdm, the' ki II SCN. Trifdc dd, Viet Nam chu'a cd qud'c giao, chi cd t in ngi idng dan g ian thd phung Cha Me, To Tien, Than Linh, thd Trdi, V.V.... Theo d d n g chay thdi g i a n va

1. Ajahn Chah. Ty khuu Khanh Hy dich. Mat hd tinh Idng. Nxb. T6ng Hgp TP. Ho Chf Minh, Phat lich 2552.2008.tr. 185 ..-

Le Ngoc Thong. Anh hifdng ciia tu tudng Thien tong... 39̂

do t inh chat Pha t giao, ma nhu:ng gia t r i t inh hoa Phat g iao da loang tham va thfle sii t rd t h a n h sd hiiu cua dan tdc Viet Nam, thiic sii t rd t hanh cac ye'u td' gdp phan tao diing nen van hoa Viet Nam. Phat giao da cd anh hfldng tich cflc, cd vai trd to ldn t rong tiing thdi ki khac nhau va thfle sfl la qud'c giao cua Viet Nam t rong nhieu the'ki.

Tren nen t ang Phat giao, Thien tdng da du nhap vao Viet Nam (tfl cudi the' ki VI, khoang nam 580), bdi Sd To la Thien sfl Ti Ni Da Lflu Chi. Trong dieu kien r ieng cua Viet Nam, Thien tdng da diidc phat t r ien vdi sac thai phong phfl r i eng cua nhieu phai Thien. Tai Viet Nam, lich su: Phat giao Viet Nam la lich s^ Thien tdng Viet Nam. Trong dieu kien cu the ve con ngiidi, da't nfldc, ta i Viet Nam da hinh thanh ddng Thien r ieng - Thien phai True Lam Yen Tu: vao the 'ki XIII, To dau la True Lam Dai Dau Da. Sflc sd'ng Thien la d ndi tam, mach ngudn Thien van ludn trdi chay, du duyen se biing sd'ng day dfl dieu kien cd bat Idi nhfl the' nao. Mdt thdi g ian dai, Thien tdng Viet Nam difdng nhii tiem an, cho tdi thdi Hau Le - the ki XVII, Thien sii Chan Nguyen tru tri chfla Long Ddng da Iam sd'ng day Thien phai Trflc Lam-Yen Tu'. Sau dd, diidc cac de tu' pha t huy. Ngay nay, Thien vien True Lam Yen Tu' dfldc Hda thfldng Thich Thanh Tfl, mdt Thien sfl hien dai phuc hflng mdt lan nfla. Tfl dd, "md ra t r ang Thien su' Viet Nam va Thien phai True Lam Yen Tu: rflc rd huy hoang vao cudi the ki XX, dau the' ki XXI hdm nay cho ca mai sau"''^l . .

Tfl tfldng Thien tdng Viet Nam mai m.ai tdn tai ciing dan tdc Viet Nam. Cd dfldc sfl tdn v inh ay, mdt phan nhd cdt

each cac Thien sfl Viet Nam, hg la nhi ing

Con Ngfldi h ien thiic, hfldng thfldng va

nhap the',... Tflu chung lai dd la t inh each,

phfldng cham Tuy Duyeir. "Tuy Duyen

giao hoa, tuy cd tie'p dan, ca mdt ddi

khdng met mdi vi ldi lac chiing sinh""< l̂

Trong t inh "Tuy duyen" Thien tdng tai Viet Nam da phat tr ien tao nen nhieu mdn phai: Phai thien TH Ni Da Lmi Chi; Phai Vd Ngdn Thdng; _Phai Thao Diidng; Phai True Lam; Phai Thien Lam Te'; Thien phai Liiu Quan. Cac Thien phai tren cd cac sac thai rieng, dung hdp vdi con ngfldi, da't nfldc Viet Nam va tr ien khai tren nhiing khia canh tich cflc, sinh ddng, thiic t i ln va tie'n bd, dap ling dfldc phan nao yen cau cua thdi dai. Ciing qua dd ma tao nen cac dac diem cua Thien tdng Viet Nam.

Dac diem thfl nha't. Thien tdng Viet Nam la ddng Thien n h a p the 'hanh ddng, ra t thiic te'. "De tha'y t inh each thfle te 'cua Thien tdng, chflng ta nghe Luc Td ndi t rong bai Tung Vd tiidng: Phat phap tai the 'g ian. Bat Ii the 'g ian giac, Li the 'mich bd de, Khap td tam thd' giac, Phat phap d

AA ' A A

the gian. Chang lia the g ian giac, Lia the

kiem bd de, Gid'ng nhfl t im siing thd..."''*l

Dac diem thfl hai . Thien tdng Viet

Nam cd t inh tfl life, tfl cfldng, sang tao.

Dac diem thfl ba. Thien tdng Viet Nam

thfle sfl la ed't tuy cua Dao Phat, hfldng

tdi hanh phflc con ngfldi. Thfle te', "Thien

dfldc dfla vao ddi sd'ng, phuc vu dat nfldc.

2. Hoa Thugng Thich Thanh Tir. Thien tdng Viet Nam cudi the ki XX. NXB. TP. Ho Chf Minh. 1994, tr. 76. 3. Hoa Thugng Tliich Thanh Tir. Thien tdng Viet Nam eudi the'ki XX NXB. TP. H6 Chi Minh, 1994, tr. 12. 4. Hoa Thugng Thfch Thanh Td. Thien tdng Viet Nam cud'i the'ki XX NXB. TP. Ho Chf Minh. 1994. tr. 78.

40 Nghien cuu Ton giao. Sd7 - 2010

nhan dan va quan chflng xa hdi, hfldng

dan con ngifdi tu dfldng va hoan thien

nhan each dao dflc..."'^l

Thien tdng Viet Nam boat ddng t ren

nen tang tfl tfldng cd ban cua Tdn chi

Thien tdng.

"Cudn su: Thien md dau vdi Bd De Dat Ma sang Trung Qud'c nam 520 sau Tay lich, mang theo mdt thdng diep thu thang. Thdng diep ay tdm tat bang 16 chfl nay:

9

Chang lap van tfl

Truyen r i eng ngoa i g iao 9 "̂

Tro thang tam ngfldi Tha'y t anh t h a n h Phat"<«

(Tdn chi Thien tdng tam dich : Khdng

lap van tii, Truyen ngoai giao li, Chi 9 ^

thang tam ngfldi, Thay t inh thanh Phat). Nhan manh, g ia t r i chung: t inh than thiic chiing ndi tai cua Dao Phat.

Nen t ang tfl tfldng ay, dfldc cu the hoa

mdt each sang tao qua bai phu CU tran

lac dao cua Sfl Td Thien phai Trflc Lam.

"Ke rang ,

CU tran lac dao thi. tuy duyen,

Cd tac xan he khdn tac mien,

Gia trung hUu bao httu tam mich,

Do'i canh vo tam mac van thien.

Dich

(J ddi vui dao hay tuy duyen,

Doi de'n thi an, met nghi lien,

Trong nha co bau thoi tim kie'm,

Ddi canh khong tam chd hoi Thieti"-''^

Trong Thien tdng Viet Nam cd the tam phan tach t hanh nhieu tii tiidng cu the. Trong gidi ban cua bai vie't, can quan tam tdi mdt sd' tfl tifdng dinh hfldng

cho van de nhan s inh quan cua con ngflc*!, cd anh hiidng tich cflc tdi xa hdi Viet Nam tfl lich su: tdi dfldng dai:

1. Tfl tiidng Tuy duyen: Tuy vao dieu kien cu the cua ban than va hoan canh ma hanh ddng phu hdp.

2. Tfl t i idng Tinh thfle: Tfl y thfle mdt each diing dan ve than, tam cua chinh minh.

3. Tfl tfldng Tii t in - Sang tao la ke't

qua cua tfl tfldng t inh thfle va tuy duyen,

yeu can la tfl chu, t ich ciic dung mtfc vi

ldi ich con ngfldi. : , r-

4. Tfl tfldng Hoa binh - Hoa hdp va tfl

tfldng Trflc chi nhan tam. Xua't phat tfl chu

trfldng "Tam t inh qud'c do tinh, tam an

chiing sinh an, tam binh the'gidi binh", yen

cau thfle hien 'Tan luc hoa": Idng ngfldi can

hoa thien; g ia dinh can hoa muc; nhan te'

can boa thuan; xa hdi can hai hoa; nhan

gian can hoa mi; the'gidi can hoa binh; tdn

t rgng con ngfldi, v.v....

Cac ttf ttfdng t ren phai dtfdc vat chat hoa va qua dd ma anh htfdng tdi ddi sd'ng xa hdi h ien thfle. Ngay nay, mdt t rong cac ye'u td' cua ddi sd'ng xa hdi hien thfle dd la tie'n t r i n h hdi nhap k inh te' qud'c te' d Viet Nam.

Nhfl t ren da neu, hdi nhap k inh te'

qud'c te' la mdt ddi hdi ta't ye'u, bflc thie't

cua Viet Nam. "Dd la mdt btfdc di dung

5. Hoa Thugng Thfch Thanh Tii. Thien tdng Viet Nam cud'i the'ki XX NXB. TP. Ho Chf Minh, 1994, tr. 99. 6. Dai.setz Teitaro SuZuKi, Thien luan, quye'n thugng, NXB T6ng hgp TP. H6 Chf Minh, 2005, tr. 206. 7. Giao hgi Phat giao Viet Nam, Ban Van hoa Trung uang, Hoa Thugng Thfch 'Hianh Tir. Tam Td Tnic Ldm gidng gidi, Thien vien Thirong, chieu Phat lich 2541, 1997. Hoi thii 10, tr. 195.

Le Ngoc Thong. Anh hu'dng cila tu tudng Thien long... 41

dan theo quy luat pha t t r ien cua nhan loai. Sfl hoa n h a p dd md ra cho chung ta nhiing cd hdi,... "<®l

Nghi quye't Dai hdi Dai bieu Dang 9 V * "̂

Cdng san Viet Nam lan VIII khang dinh: "Day nhanh qua t r inh hgi nhap k inh te' khu viic va the' gidi"'. Dai hdi Dai bieu Dang Cdng san Viet Nam lan IX da bd sung hoan thien: "Chu ddng hgi nhap kinh te'qud'c te 'va khu viic theo t inh than phat huy td'i da ndi liic, n a n g cao hieu qua hdp tae qud'c te', bao dam ddc lap ttf chu va dinh htfdng xa hdi chu nghia , bao ve ldi Ich dan tdc, an n inh qud'c gia, gifl gin ban sac van hoa dan tdc, bao ve mdi trfldng". Tdi Nghi quye't 07 -NQ/TW (27/11/2001) da cu the hoa hdn cho cac ndi dung tren.

Hdi nhap k inh te' qud'c te' la tham gia A A ' ' A AA A

cac to chtfc k inh te khu vtfc, the gidi, nha't la Td chflc Thfldng mai The' gidi (WTO). Chu ddng hdi nhap k inh te' qud'c te theo t inh than phat huy td'i da mgi tiem nang va ngudn liic cua mgi thanh phan kinh te', cua toan xa hdi. Trong dd, cac ttf ttfdng Thien tdng Viet Nam da, dang va se ed tac dung anh hfldng tich cflc tdi tie'n t r i nh hdi n h a p k inh te' qud'c te'cua Viet Nam hien nay.

1. Tac dung anh hfldng cua ttf ttfdng Tuy duyen

Tuy duyen vdi ndi dung g ian di "vift bd yeu ghet, t han nhien trtfde mgi chuyen xay ra. Dd la muc tieu chinh cua viec hanh Thien "<̂>. . . r

Ttf ttfdng nay vfla la stf phu hdp, ciing A A 9 V A A

CO the coi la mgt t r ong cac luan cfl lich su' - xa hdi cho t inh t han hdi nhap k inh te' qud'c te' la "rdng md, da phtfdng hoa, da dang hoa cac quan he qud'c te", theo nguyen tac "tdn t rgng ddc lap, chu quyen

va toan ven lanh thd, khdng can thiep vao ndi bd cua nhau,... g iai quye't bat ddng va t r anh chap thdng qua thtfdng Itfdng hoa binh; tdn t r gng lan nhau, b inh dang va cung ed ldi". Dieu dd htfdng dan boat dgng t rong hdi nhap k inh te' qud'c te' la md rdng quan he k inh te' vdi nhieu qud'c gia, nhieu vung lanh thd t ren the' gidi khdng phan biet che' do chinh tr i -xa hdi va y thfle he. Thiic hien da phfldng boa, da dang hoa quan he khdng dan deu ma phai co t r gng tam, t rgng diem. Danh liu t ien cao va stf quan tam thoa dang cho phat t r ien quan he hdp tac, hoa binh, hiiu ngh i vdi cac ntfdc l ang g ieng Lao, Campuehia, ASEAN, eac ntfdc ldn Trung Qud'c, My,... cac ntfdc Chau A - Thai Binh Dtfdng, cac ntfdc xa hdi chu nghia, cac ntfdc dan tdc chu nghia , cac ntfdc dang phat trien, cac liic Itfdng each mang va tien bd t ren the' gidi vd'n cd quan he t ruyen thd'ng vdi ntfdc ta.

Tuy duyen t rong viec xfl li cac mdi quan he ddng thdi vdi cac ntfdc ldn, sao cho tao dtfdc the' can bang, nhi ing khdng cd ngh ia la can bang ve so' hgc. Yeu cau Tuy duyen la k h d n g qua thien lech, benh ntfdc nay, chd'ng lai nfldc khac la phai can cfl vao dieu kien cu the, t inh chat quan he va theo chuan mflc cao nha't vfldt t ren dao dflc vi ldi ich nhan loai ndi chung, khdng Iam tdn hai tdi ldi Ich chie'n Ifldc chinh dang cua cac nfldc. Khdng phan d inh ban thu xd cling ma mem deo, l inh boat. Ban la ta't ca nhi ing ai chu trfldng tdn t rgng ddc lap chu quyen, thie't lap va md r d n g quan he hdp

8. Hgc Vien Phat giao Viet Nam tai Ha Ngi. Ki yeu khoa V ndm hgc thit nhdt - 2007, tr. 99. 9. Ajahn Chah. Ty khuu Khanh Hy dich. Mdt hd tinh idng. NXB. Tong Hgp, TP. H6 Chf Minh, Phat lich 2552,2008, tr. 19.

42 Nghien ciru Ton giao. Sd7 - 2010

tac, hiiu nghi , b inh dang. Dd'i tfldng da'u

t r anh la t r ong pham vi h a n h ddng sai

trai , tuyet nh ien khdng dfldc nham vao

con ngfldi. Trong dd'i tfldng da'u t r a n h

van phai pha t hien ra mat can hdp tac

tuy t inh hud'ng, hoan canh, nhi ing bao

gid cung t ren t inh than chu dao ciia

hanh xu: nha Phat la Tam - Dflc - An lac

cho con ngtfdi. Dac biet, t r anh triic dien,

ddi dau, ddi khang , khong de bi kich

ddng, rdi vao the 'ed lap hay xung dot vu

t rang. Ta't ca cac phtfdng cham xu' the' ay

deu cd the quy tu ve mdt muc tieu chung

la vi ldi ich td'i cao cua dan tdc.

2. Anh htfdng tfl tfl tfldng tinh thUc

cua Thien tdng.

Tinh thUe vdi yeu cau bie't rd ve ban than, chfl y tdi ban than, khdng phieu dieu, khdng hdi hdt, bie't rd hanh vi, tam t r ang ban than. Mud'n vay, phai "theo ddi chinh ban t han minh. Phai theo ddi nhiing phan ring ciia minh "<̂ °l Thfle stf la bie't minh thiic t r a n g da't nfldc; biet ngtfdi - ntfdc khac va ca the' gidi. Nhan thfle dung t inh h inh qud'c te' la mdt t rong cac can cfl quan t rgng chi dao tie'n t r i nh hdi nhap k inh te' qud'c te'. Stf tfldng ddng gifla hai hien thfle dd cd y nghia to ldn giflp chung ta khdng bi Ifldng gat, dao ddng, tham chi thdi phdng hay ttf ti ve ban than.

Nhan thfle d u n g thdi stf qud'c te' vdi cac cudc chie'n t r a n h cue bd, x u n g dot vu t r ang , x u n g dot sac tdc, tdn g iao vdi ta't ca nhfl'ng t i nh chat phflc t ap khd Itfdng cua nd. Thiic te' theo t inh t h a n tinh thUc yeu cau ludn ludn bam sat thiic te, van d u n g phtfdng phap luan

N A ^

phu hdp de d a n h g i a n g a y cang ch inh xac sau sac h d n ve thdi cudc, de ra chinh sach phu hdp, h ieu qua.

3. Tae dung cua ttf ttfdng Hoa Binh -Hoa Hdp

"Mdt ye'u to' he't sflc quan t rgng t rong tie'n t r inh hdi nhap la nhan to hoa binh, vi ehi cd hoa b inh mdi dem lai sfl phdn vinh va dn d inh xa hdi"'<">.

Hoa hdp vdi mgi ngfldi, vdi xung quanh va ca vdi chinh ban than. "Chiing ta phai bie't tu la sdng t rd ve vdi chan tam cua minh,... Bd dien dao vgng ttfdng, sd'ng vdi cai chan that cua minh,... khdng ttfdng tfldng gi he't, chi budng nhiing gi vd li, sd'ng vdi chan t am eua minh ""̂ '.

Tfl tfldng nay nhfl sfl gdi md dinh htfdng eho hdi nhap kinh te' qud'c te' thiic hien tdn trgng quyen sd hiiu chan chinh cua con ngtfdi, phan dd'i ctfdng qud'c mau dich, canh t ranh khdng lanh manh, sao cho, "gifl viing ddc lap, tfl chu, tfl life, tfl cfldng, day manh da dang hoa, da phfldng hoa quan he dd'i ngoai", gdp phan xay dtfng gia dinh nhan loai khoan nhtfdng, tdn kinh va hdp tac. Cd vay mdi tie'p nhan dtfdc thanh qua van minh nhan loai va dinh htfdng qiian trgng cho nen van hoa hdi nhap.

4. Tinh t han tU tin, sang tao

Tinh than nay ddi hdi "Chinh Tin - dflc t in chac chan, k h d n g lay chuyen, phat s inh tfl sfl h ieu bie't eua chinh minh "<"l

Yeu cau tie'p theo la tfl lam chu ban than, vfldt len k h d n g sd hoan canh dfl hoan canh ra sao. "Sd di chflng ta sd canh

10. Ajahn Chah. Ty khuu Khanh Hy dich. Mat hd tmh Idng. Sdd. tx.2\?,. 11. Hpc Vien Phat giao Viet Nam tai Hii Noi. Ki veil khod \' ndm hgc thir nhd't - 2007. tr. 98. 12. Thien vien Triic Lam Da Lat. Hoa Thugng Thfch Thanh Tu. Tie'n thdng vdo Thien tdng. NXB. TOng hgp TP. Ho Chf Minh. 2006. tr. 139. 13. Ajahn Chah. Ty khuu Khanh Hy dich. Mdt hd tinh Idng. NXB. Tdng Hgp. TP. H6 Chf Minh Phat lich 2552. 2008. tr. 24. ' '

Le Ngoc Thong. Anh hudng ci'ia tu tudng Thien long... 43_

ben ngoai , am t h a n h ben ngoai la vi thay canh that, am thanh that. Bay gid thay canh gia dd'i, am thanh gia dd'i, qua rdi mat thi khdng cdn chtfdng nfla. Viec tu khdng bi chfldng nhd tri tue viing, thay dfldc le that"<'*>.

Yeu cau tie'p theo la tfl chu lien tuc

khdng ngdi nghi;

"Ldi tu nay iing dung khi ngdi Thien,

khi lam cdng tac, khi ra dtfdng. Chflng ta

cfl lam mdt each tfl nhien, khdng ngai

chi he't, nhflng nhd, mat nh in la chan tu,

tai nghe la chan tu, than bie't xfle cham

la chan tu'"»^l

Tinh than ay cua Thien tdng gdp phan tao dflng stf ttf chu, tich ctfc chu ddng t rong hdi nhap. Kien dinh vdi lap trtfdng da chgn theo y nguyen ciia dan, dem lai an lac cho dan. Do vay , khdng ehi t r a n g bi kie'n thfle khoa hgc, kie'n thfle ehuyen nganh, ki nang lam viec, g iao tie'p, ma can phai dan dan h inh h a n h quan diem, niem tin de khdng dao ddng, hoang mang trfldc cac bie'n cd' Idn cua thdi dai, qua dd, t r anh dfldc cac sai lam: "Chi thuan tuy hgc li thuye't ma khdng thiic hanh thi chang khac nao "bd h inh bat bdng""''̂ '*'. Dieu dd dtfdc thiic te' k h a n g dinh: Phat giao cung nhtf khoa hgc deu diia vao phtfdng phap thiic nghiem. Phtfdng phap phan tich cua Phat giao thdng thtfdng su: dung "suy luan"' cflng dtfdc dflng rdng ra i t rong khoa hgc.

Tuan theo tdn chi Thien tdng: "Dd'i canh vd tam" giup ca nhan con ngfldi khdng bi le thugc vao hoan canh, du d hoan canh nao, ciing can chu ddng vtfdt len, vtfdt len ca sd' phan. Cdn vdi ca dan tdc, ttf ttfdng dd nhtf mdt can cfl, mdt stf dinh htfdng cho nhiem vu gifl viing ban sac van hoa dan tdc. Cd the coi dd nhtf mdt ye'u to' ndi sinh

ciia nen kinh te' ttf chu, ddc lap, tiep thu van hoa nhan loai, ddng gdp cac gia tri van boa dan tdc cho nhan loai.

5. Tac dung cua ttf ttfdng TrUe chi

nhan tam

Ttf ttfdng nay yeu cau, phat hien va phat huy sflc m a n h tiem nang t rong con ngtfdi, hieu dflng ve ban than "bie't minh,

A A A V A' '

biet ta"". Khi do, con ngtfdi se hieu dtfdc, dgc dtfdc ch inh tam minh. "... Dgc chinh tam minh r a t thfl vi. Cai tam chtfa dtfdc huan luyen nay ludn ludn chay theo thdi quen te hai . Tam nhay nhdt thich thu va lieu l inh vi chtfa dtfdc hua'n luyen thanh thuc. Bdi the', hay huan luyen tam minh. Dd la dieu td'i thie't ye'u. Phat giao la dao cua tam. Chi cd the' thdi. Ngtfdi nao dao luyen tam minh, ngtfdi ay thiic h a n h Phat giao"'<'"'l

Vdi ca dan tdc thi dd la qua t r inh gifl

vu:ng qud'c hdn, qud'c tfly, ddc lap tfl chu,

ke't hdp tie'p thu sflc m a n h ben ngoai vdi

sflc manh t rong nfldc tao nen the 'va Iflc -

hay vi the' Viet Nam t rong quan he qud'c

te'. Mdt thfle te' la khdng It dd'i tac vdi

Viet Nam mud'n dung sflc manh uy hiep,

ep budc Viet Nam, tham chi cdn nudi y

tfldng lai ehe 'do chinh t r i Viet Nam theo

htfdng khac. Do dd, phai tich ctfc chd'ng

"dien bie'n hoa binh" va van de "nhan

quyen". Chd'ng nhi ing hoat ddng, td chflc,

p h o n g t r a o cd a m mflu d e n td'i mud'n

14. Thien vien Tnic Lam Da Lat. Hoa Thugng Thfch Thanh TCr. Tieh thang vdo Thien rdng, NXB. T6ng hop TP. Ho Chf Minh, 2006, tr. 8. 15. Thien vien True Lam Da Lat. Hoa Thugng Thfch Thanh Tir. Tien thdng vdo Thien tdng. Sdd. tr. 104. 16. Ajahn Chah. Ty khuu Khanh Hy dich. Mat hd tinh Idng. NXB. TOng Hgp, TP. H6 Chf Minh. Phat lich 2552, 2008, tr. 26. 17. Ajahn Chah. Ty khuu Khanh Hy dich. Mdt hd tinh Idng. Sdd. tr. [59.

44 Nghien cuu Ton giao. Sd7 - 2010

dung nhan quyen thay cho chu quyen

dan tdc va lam suy g iam vai trd lanh dao

cua Dang Cdng san Viet Nam.

6. Tae dung cua tfl tfldng va phong each tfl duy sang tao Thien tdng

Thien tdng hfldng dan viec phuc hdi nhanh sflc manh, kha n a n g ap dung, thich nghi va l inh ddng, khdng ap dat, giao dieu, bao thu. Khi tie'p can vdi hoan canh mdi, thu' thach mdi, ddi hdi stf dap ling mdi, mdi ca nhan khdng giao dieu thi xa hdi rdng md td't dep. Ve chie'n tranh, Thien giup nhan thfle dflng: ban thfl khdng the cham diit bang ban thu ma phai bang t inh thfldng. Ke't qua va cung la ndi dung tfl ttfdng va phong each ttf duy sang

tao theo phong each Thien tdng.

a. Nhan thfle the' gidi, thdi dai, qua t r inh hdi nhap k inh te' qud'c te' khach quan khoa hgc, bien chiing, t r anh sai lam ap dat chu quan, xua't phat tfl luan li: mudn phap do tam s inh ra mdt each chu quan, duy y chi, qua dd ma giflp cho hanh ddng dung dan, cd hieu qua cao.

b. Nha't quan t r ong muc tieu, l inh hoat t rong viec ke't hdp life Itfdng t rong than -tam va ngoai canh, thfle hien td't nguyen tac, phfldng phap luan: "di bat bie'n, iing van bie'n". Bat bie'n la stf t r ung thanh vdi muc tieu hanh phuc, an lac cho con ngtfdi, nhu'ng cac bien phap m a n g t inh chat "van bie'n" do tuy duyen va ludn ludn nham vao muc tieu cd ban va lau dai, bat bie'n neu tren.

c. Ludn gifl viing ddc lap, tfl chu. Nam vu:ng xu the' cua thdi dai t rong sfl phat

A ' ^ 9

tr ien chung, hdp quy luat; mem deo, cd dgng, l inh boat t r ong cudc sd'ng.

Ngay nay, the' g idi dang xay dtfng gia d inh n h a n loai; Can dem cua cai hdi

mdn cua mdi ntfdc gia nhap gia dinh ay; Viet Nam khdng ngoai le, khdng chi vi ldi lac cua r ieng Viet Nam, ma cdn gdp phan vi ldi lac ca nhan loai, g ia t ang nghi l l htfdng ngoai va ea gia t ang nghi l l htfdng ndi, phat huy tiem n a n g t rong mdi con ngtfdi, t ruyen ba Thien tdng ra the' gidi qua hoat ddng k i n h te'.

Tom lai: Ve Thien tdng Viet Nam ndi

r ieng, tfl cdi ngudn Phat g iao ndi chung,

Chu tich ntfdc N g u y i n Minh Triet da

phat bieu: "Phat g iao Viet Nam da trai

qua h a n g n g a n nam lich su", thdi ki nao,

Phat g iao cung lay dflc tfl bi, hi xa, lay

chan - th ien - mi de g iao hoa chflng sinh,

lay t r i tue va p h u n g sfl da't nfldc lam sfl

ngh iep va phfldng cham hanh dao,...

nhi ing g ia t r i td't dep cua Phat giao da

gdp phan h u n due nen nhi ing gia t r i td't

dep cua con ngfldi Viet Nam. Lich su' Viet

Nam da ghi n h a n Phat g iao Viet Nam cd

nhi ing ddng gdp xiing dang cho viec bao

ve va xay dtfng da't ntfdc'"^^ l̂

Do vay, can sif dung kie'n thfle, cae gia t r i t ruyen thd'ng de gdp phan giai quye't cdng viec n g a y nay, tao mdi trfldng thuan Idi cho tie'n t r i nh hdi nhap k inh te' qud'c te'. Thien tdng da thfle sfl la cdt tuy cua dao Pha t vdi cac g ia t r i dao dflc, nhan s inh cd t inh ben viing dai lau. Dieu dd k h d n g nhi ing cd Idi cho sfl dn dinh, phat t r ien dan tdc ma cdn cho ca cdng ddng the' gidi. Thien tdng gdp phan cho stf tie'n bd chung cua the' gidi, thich hdp t rong thdi dai mdi: phuc hdi n h a n h sflc manh, kha n a n g ap dung, thich nghi va l inh ddng, khdng vdi ke't luan ciing nhac, ap dat, t r a n h khuynh htfdng giao dieu./.

18. Hoc Vien Phat giao Viet Nam tai Ha Noi. Ki ye'u khod V ndm hgc thir nhd't - 2007, tr. 31.