hiv/aids 2008 for civics c
DESCRIPTION
TRANSCRIPT
1
Global HIV prevalence in adults, 1985Global HIV prevalence in adults, 1985
UNAIDS/WHO, 2006
2
Global HIV prevalence in adults, 1995Global HIV prevalence in adults, 1995
UNAIDS/WHO, 2006
3
Global HIV prevalence in adults, Global HIV prevalence in adults, 20052005
UNAIDS/WHO, 2006
4July 2008 e
Global summary of the AIDS epidemic, December 2007
Total 33 million [30 – 36 million] Adults30.8 million [28.2 – 34.0 million]
Women 15.5 million [14.2 – 16.9 million] Children under 15 years 2.0 million [1.9 – 2.3 million]
Total 2.7 million [2.2 – 3.2 million]Adults 2.3 million [1.9 – 2.8 million]Children under 15 years 370 000 [330 000 – 410 000]
Total 2.0 million [1.8 – 2.3 million]Adults 1.8 million [1.6 – 2.1 million]Children under 15 years 270 000 [250 000 – 290 000]
Number of people living with HIV in 2007
People newly infected with HIV in 2007
AIDS deaths in 2007
5July 2008 e
Global estimates for adults and children, 2007
• People living with HIV 33 million [30 – 36 million]
• New HIV infections in 2007 2.7 million [2.2 – 3.2 million]
• Deaths due to AIDS in 2007 2.0 million [1.8 – 2.3 million]
6
Estimated number of people living with HIV and adult HIV prevalence Global HIV epidemic, 1990–2007; and, HIV epidemic in Sub-Saharan Africa, 1990–2007
Number of people living with HIV% HIV prevalence, adult (15–49)
% HIV prevalence, adult (15–49)
Number of peopleliving with HIV (millions)
% HIV prevalence, adult (15–49)
Number of peopleliving with HIV (millions)
These bars indicate the range around the estimate
NOTE: Even though the HIV prevalence stabilized in Sub-Saharan Africa, the actual number of people infected continues to grow because of ongoing new infections and increasing access to antiretroviral therapy.
Global HIV epidemic, 1990–2007 HIV epidemic in Sub-Saharan Africa, 1990–2007
0
10
20
30
40
0
1.0
2.0
3.0
4.0
1990 ‘91 ‘92 ‘93 ‘94 ‘95 ‘96 ‘97 ‘98 ‘99 2000 ‘01 ‘02 ‘03 ‘04 ‘05 ‘06 2007 1990 ‘91 ‘92 ‘93 ‘94 ‘95 ‘96 ‘97 ‘98 ‘99 2000 ‘01 ‘02 ‘03 ‘04 ‘05 ‘06 20070
5
10
15
20
25
30
0
3.0
6.0
9.0
12.0
15.0
7
A global view of HIV infection33 million people [30–36 million] living with HIV, 2007
8July 2008 e
Total: 33 million (30 – 36 million)
Western & Central Europe
730 000730 000[580 000 – 1.0 million][580 000 – 1.0 million]
Middle East & North Africa380 000380 000
[280 000 – 510 000][280 000 – 510 000]
Sub-Saharan Africa22.0 million22.0 million
[20.5 – 23.6 million][20.5 – 23.6 million]
Eastern Europe & Central Asia
1.5 million 1.5 million [1.1 – 1.9 million][1.1 – 1.9 million]
South & South-East Asia4.2 million4.2 million
[3.5 – 5.3 million][3.5 – 5.3 million]
Oceania74 00074 000
[66 000 – 93 000][66 000 – 93 000]
North America1.2 million
[760 000 – 2.0 million]
Latin America1.7 million1.7 million
[1.5 – 2.1 million][1.5 – 2.1 million]
East Asia740 000740 000
[480 000 – 1.1 million][480 000 – 1.1 million]Caribbean230 000
[210 000 – 270 000]
Adults and children estimated to be living with HIV, 2007
9July 2008 e
Estimated number of adults and children newly infected with HIV, 2007
Western & Central Europe
27 00027 000[14 000 – 49 000][14 000 – 49 000]
Middle East & North Africa40 00040 000
[20 000 – 66 000][20 000 – 66 000]
Sub-Saharan Africa1.9 million1.9 million
[1.6 – 2.1 million][1.6 – 2.1 million]
Eastern Europe & Central Asia
110 000 110 000 [67 000 – 180 000][67 000 – 180 000]
South & South-East Asia330 000330 000
[150 000 – 590 000][150 000 – 590 000]
Oceania13 00013 000
[12 000 – 15 000][12 000 – 15 000]
North America54 000
[9600 – 130 000]
Latin America140 000140 000
[88 000 – 190 000][88 000 – 190 000]
East Asia52 00052 000
[29 000 – 84 000][29 000 – 84 000]Caribbean
20 000[16 000 – 25 000]
Total: 2.7 million (2.2 – 3.2 million)
10July 2008 e
Estimated adult and child deaths from AIDS, 2007
Western & Central Europe
80008000[4800 – 17 000][4800 – 17 000]
Middle East & North Africa27 00027 000
[20 000 – 35 000][20 000 – 35 000]
Sub-Saharan Africa1.5 million1.5 million
[1.3 – 1.7 million][1.3 – 1.7 million]
Eastern Europe & Central Asia
58 000 58 000 [41 000 – 88 000][41 000 – 88 000]
South & South-East Asia340 000340 000
[230 000 – 450 000][230 000 – 450 000]
Oceania10001000
[<1000 – 1400][<1000 – 1400]
North America23 000
[9100 – 55 000]
Latin America63 00063 000
[49 000 – 98 000][49 000 – 98 000]
East Asia40 00040 000
[24 000 – 63 000][24 000 – 63 000]Caribbean
14 000[11 000 – 16 000]
Total: 2.0 million (1.8 – 2.3 million)
11July 2008 e
Western & Central Europe
13001300[<1000 – 1800][<1000 – 1800]
Middle East & North Africa26 00026 000
[18 000 – 34 000][18 000 – 34 000]
Sub-Saharan Africa1.8 million1.8 million
[1.7 – 2.0 million][1.7 – 2.0 million]
Eastern Europe & Central Asia
12 000 12 000 [9100 – 15 000][9100 – 15 000]
South & South-East Asia140 000140 000
[[110 000 – 180 000110 000 – 180 000]]
Oceania11001100[1200][1200]
North America4400
[2600 – 7300]
Latin America44 00044 000
[37 000 – 58 000][37 000 – 58 000]
East Asia78007800
[5300 – 11 000][5300 – 11 000]Caribbean
11 000[9400 – 12 000]
Children (<15 years) estimated to be living with HIV, 2007
Total: 2.0 million (1.9 – 2.3 million)
12July 2008 e
Western & Central Europe
<200<200[<100][<100]
Middle East & North Africa57005700
[3800 – 8000][3800 – 8000]
Sub-Saharan Africa330 000330 000
[300 000 – 360 000][300 000 – 360 000]
Eastern Europe & Central Asia
3200 3200 [2400 – 4300][2400 – 4300]
South & South-East Asia21 00021 000
[14 000 – 29 000][14 000 – 29 000]
Oceania<1000<1000
North America<<500[<200]
Latin America46004600
[4200 – 8300][4200 – 8300]
East Asia20002000
[1200 – 3100][1200 – 3100]Caribbean
1800[1500 – 2100]
Estimated number of children (<15 years) newly infected with HIV, 2007
Total: 370 000 (330 000 – 410 000)
13July 2008 e
Western & Central Europe
<200<200
Middle East & North Africa44004400
[3300 – 5400][3300 – 5400]
Sub-Saharan Africa240 000240 000
[220 000 – 260 000][220 000 – 260 000]
Eastern Europe & Central Asia
1600 1600 [1100 – 2200][1100 – 2200]
South & South-East Asia17 00017 000
[13 000 – 20 000][13 000 – 20 000]
Oceania<500<500
North America<200
[<100 – <500]
Latin America31003100
[2300 – 4400][2300 – 4400]
East Asia12001200
[<1000 – 1900][<1000 – 1900]Caribbean
1200[<1000 – 1400]
Estimated deaths in children (<15 years) from AIDS, 2007
Total: 270 000 (250 000 – 290 000)
14
HIV prevalence (%) among 15–24 years old, by sex, selected countries, 2005–2007
0 5 10 15 20 25% HIV prevalence
SwazilandSouth Africa
ZimbabweCentral African Republic
Côte d'IvoireSierra Leone
RwandaHaiti
GuineaEthiopia
Benin
DR CongoNiger
SenegalCambodia
India
UgandaChad
Dominican Republic
Mali
Female
Male
15
Dorrington RE, Johnson LF, Bradshaw D, Daniel T. The demographic impact of HIV/AIDS in South Africa. National and provincial indicators for 2006.
HIV prevalence by sex and age in South Africa, 2006
16
Comprehensive knowledge of HIV among young people (ages 15–24), 1999–2007
1999–2003 20102004–20070
20
40
60
80
100
%
Year
Male
Female
2005 Target2010 Target
Source: MEASURE DHS (2008)
17
Percentage of most-at-risk populations reached with HIV prevention programmes, 2005–2007
Sex workers
Injecting drug users
Men having sex with men
% Median
60.4%*(39 countries)
46.1%**(15 countries) 40.1%*
(27 countries)
20
50
80
60
70
0
10
30
40
90
100
* Percentage of sex workers and men having sex with men reported knowing where they can receive an HIV test and that they were given condoms.
** Percentage of injecting drug users who reported knowing where they could receive an HIV test and be provided with condoms and sterile injecting needles and syringes.
Source: UNGASS Country Progress Reports 2008
18
Number of people receiving antiretroviral drugs in low- and middle income countries, 2002−2007
Source: Data provided by UNAIDS & WHO, 2008.
end-2002
end-2004
end-2003
end-2005
0.4
0.8
1.2
1.6
2.2
2.8
Mill
ion
s
Year
2.4
2.6
3.0
0.0
0.2
0.6
1.0
1.4
1.8
2.0
end-2007
end-2006
North Africa and the Middle East
Eastern Europe and Central Asia
East, South and South-East Asia
Latin America and the Caribbean
Sub-Saharan Africa
19
Per capita HIV expenditures from domestic public sources in low- and middle-income countries, 2004–2007
Year
2004 20062005 2007
4
8
12
0
2
6
10
14
US$
Sub-Saharan Africa Upper middle income countries
Rest of the world Upper middle income countries
Rest of the worldLow and lower middle income countries
Sub-Saharan Africa Low and lower middle income countries
(9.89)
(1.17)(0.63)
(0.14)
(12.01)
(2.04)
(1.15)
(0.20)
20July 2008 e
Over 7400 new HIV infections a day in 2007
• More than 96% are in low and middle income countries
• About 1000 are in children under 15 years of age
• About 6300 are in adults aged 15 years and older of whom:
— almost 50% are among women— about 45% are among young people (15-24)
21July 2008 e
• Children living with HIV 2.0 million [1.9 – 2.3 million]
• New HIV infections in 2007 370 000 [330 000 – 410 000]
• Deaths due to AIDS in 2007 270 000 [250 000 – 290 000]
2007 global HIV and AIDS estimates Children (<15 years)
22
23
AIDS är exceptionellt (1)
HIV-infektion är annorlunda än andra infektionssjukdomar
Särdrag hos retrovirus:• Införlivas livslångt i våra cellers arvsmassa• Kontinuerlig nedbrytning av immunsystemet• Dödlig utgång efter 8-10 år • Vertikal transmission (MTCT)
24
AIDS är exceptionellt (2)
• Sexuell smitta; selekterar unga och starka individer
• Framgånsrik smittspridning på kort tid över hela världen
• Dödlig kombination med tuberkulos
• Ingen botande behandling, inget vaccin
25
AIDS är exceptionellt (3)
• HIV ger en persisterande infektion till skillnad från akuta infektioner som har snabbt epidemiförlopp med en topp och ett slut
• HIV ger ingen vanlig epidemikurva; prevalensen kan minska men infektionerna kommer inte att försvinna.AIDS kommer att bestå.
26
Konsekvenser av HIV/AIDS pandemin (1)
• Hälso- och sjukvård
• Demografi
• Föräldralösa barn
• Arbetskraft
• Livsmedelsförsörjning
• Skola- och utbildning
27
Konsekvenser av HIV/AIDS pandemin (2)
• Levnadsförmåga, “life skills”
• Ekonomi
• Diskriminering och utstötning
• Säkerhet
• Politik
2800002-E-7 – 1 December 2003
Changes in life expectancy in selected African countries with high and low HIV prevalence: 1950-2005
with high HIV prevalence:ZimbabweSouth AfricaBotswana
with low HIV prevalence:MadagascarSenegalMali
Source: UN Department of Economic and Social Affairs (2001) World Population Prospects, the 2000 Revision
30
35
40
45
50
55
60
65
Life
exp
ecta
ncy
(ye
ars)
1950–1955
1955-1960
1960-1965
1965-1970
1970-1975
1975-1980
1980-1985
1985-1990
1990-1995
1995-2000
2000-2005
29
Globala åtgärder
FN: GeneralförsamlingenSäkerhetsrådetUNAIDS (WHO, UNICEF, UNDP, UNFPA etc.)Världsbanken
Globala Fonden mot AIDS, tuberkulos, malaria
Näringslivet
Folkrörelser, frivilligorganisationer, det civila samhället
30
Credits
• Prof Kallings (VRG 2007)
• UNAIDS
Links
• Wikipedia: HIV
• Wikipedia: AIDS
July 2008 e