hiv alterations of guidelines for antiretroviral therapy ... · alterations of guidelines for...

7
HIV 腏腖腔腒腛腄腈腇腊腋腇腍腄腚腗 Alterations of Guidelines for Antiretroviral Therapy in Patients with HIV Infection Satoshi HIGASA 膿膑膜Department of Internal Medicine, Hyogo College of Medicine 腉腀腌腀腊 : 臅膌膅膍腻腺膋腾膘膁腽腺膆膊腺膎HIV 臟臇腇腈膢臐膉膍膃腹腂膁 膢臐 腨膄腼腺膀膦膞臗 0 : +./+/+,**. 腅腂腆腃 腥臅 HIV +33/ 膉膍膃腹腂膁腺膎膇膈 膂腂 PI臯腣 David Ho Hit HIV early and hard+臁腣膶腦腷膡腕膤臑膹膳臟臇腇腈膢臐 NRTIPI 腺膑腦腲腵 Highly active antiretroviral therapy HAART腨腛腶腮腢腦腥腍腙膉腥臅腻腺膋腾臃膝腷腰 腝腳腙腝腖腶腦臺致 HIV 臠腦腐腕腵臅膌膅膍腻腺膋 膘膁腧膐膓膞膩臊腒臋腧 International AIDS SocietyUSA IAS-USA,1腑腳腽腺膆膊腺膎腒 Department of health and human services DHHS2+1腑腳腫腱腘腶腧臔至腣腙腡膨腘腶腡腍腵IAS-USA 腧膩臊腨腬腭 , 腗腣腦膠腘腶腛腧膮腦腳腶腝臲腙腍膽腷 臱腦臞腘腶腡腍腵腧腦DHHS 腧腽腺膆膊腺膎 腴腜膱腥腒腳腳腭腦膠腘腶臅膌膅膍腻腺膋腾膘膁 腦膯腚腵膽腷腢腓腵腞腕臄腔膊膓腚腵腧膏腣腥腟腡腍 膲臏腘腶腡腍腵腧膏膥腚腵腣IAS-USA 腧膩臊腨 腲腴DHHS 腧腽腺膆膊腺膎腨腞腾腦臞 腘腶腡腍腵腲腎腦膽臣腕腳腶腵腮腝膕臋 +2膄膃 +3腦腐腍腡腰腛腶腜腶臜腧腽腺 膆膊腺膎腒腫腱腘腶腡腍腵腒腖腖腢腨 +330 膏臈腧 IAS-USA 腧膩臊腐腲腪 DHHS 腧腽腺膆膊腺膎腧腽腅 腛腧臌膵腦腠腍腡臧腫腵腒腛腎腑腐腓 +330+331 +33/ 膏臈HIV 臝腧膟HIV-RNA 腜膀膁PI 腧膡腺膑膘膁臃臹腥腤HIV 臭腧 腲腑膟腨腓腔腫腠腙腝腖腧腫腠腦腲腴HIV 臭腧臚膘膀至腨腓腔膭腚 腵腖腣腦腥腴+330 1 IAS-USA 腑腳腧膩臊腒 The Journal of the American Medical Association JAMA腘腶腝 ,臙腧臬臖膾膄腂膂腢腨CD. 臷腒 /**ml 膏膙腧膫臠腦臚腷膡臒腚腵腖腣腒臕臘腘腶腡腐 腖腶腷臣腕腡腖腧膩臊腢腰臭臂臹 HIV 臠腧臚 膡臒膰臨腨 CD. /**ml, 腮腝腨 CD. /**ml 腢腰 HIV-RNA -*,*** /*,*** copies ml 腧臯 臉腣腘腶腡腍腝 +臍臮腈腀 臭臂臹 HIV 臠腦腐腍腡臅 HIV 膘膁膱腦膡臒 腙腝臯臉+ 腦臛腚膕腢腒腌腵臮HIV 臰腷膪 臸腢腓腝臯臉腦腨- 腏腧腑腳 HIV 腷膷腢腓腵膛臹腒腌腵腣臆腏腳腶腡腍腝腖腣腒膱腑腳腧 腷臶臫腚腵臌膵腣腥腟腡腍腝腙腑腙腥腒腳腖腧膩臊腦腐腍腡腨臙腮腞 PI 腧臚臃膝腦膯腚腵腼膈膄膎腾腧臤腢腌腟腝腝腯膡臒臐腨 NRTI , 腮腝腨 ddI 腑腳腄腓腖腶腦 PI 腷膚腏腵腑腤腎腑腷臡臚膑腣膫臠腣腧腊腕腢膺 腚腵腣腘腶腡腍腝腛腧臀PI 腷膚腏腝 HAART 腛腶腮腢腧臚腢腨 腳腶腥腑腟腝臻腳腙腍臃膝腷腰腝腳腙腖腶腳腧臹腩腑腴腒膋膗腠膻膝腣腥腟腝腖腧腝腯+331 0 膼腧 IAS-USA 腧膩臊 -腢腨臚膡臒膰臨腒腘腳腦腮腴HIV-RNA /,*** +*,*** copies ml 腏腵臯臉腨 CD. 臷腦膯膸腥腔臚膡臒腒臶臫腘腶腵腖腣腣腥腟 +膔臮腈腀 腖腧膩臊腦臦腏腩腗腔膒腷自腓HIV 臠腧腬腣腸腤腒臚膘腟膘腦腥腵DHHS 腧腽腺膆膊腺膎腨 +331 ++ 膼腦臩腯腡腘腶 2膡臒膰臨腨 CD. /**ml 膇膆腮腝腨 HIV-RNA ,*,*** copiesml 膏臮腧臯臉腦腨臚腷臶 膛膔腁 : 00-2/*+ 臼膴臓腂腚 ++ 膿膑膜Fax : *132./0/3- ,**. 2 , ,**. The Japanese Society for AIDS Research The Journal of AIDS Research -3 +./

Upload: others

Post on 28-May-2020

8 views

Category:

Documents


0 download

TRANSCRIPT

� �� �

HIV�������� ���Alterations of Guidelines for Antiretroviral Therapy in Patients with HIV Infection

� � �Satoshi HIGASA

����������Department of Internal Medicine, Hyogo College of Medicine

����� : ���� ���� ������� HIV��� ������� ��������

���� �!" 0 : +./�+/+� ,**.

� � � �

�# $�HIV��% +33/��������&'(� )PI* +�,-David Ho+ .Hit HIV early and hard/+*

+�0-12�345� 678������ )NRTI*- PI+��29:Highly active antiretroviral therapy

)HAART* %;<=>2$?��$��� �@A3BCDECFG<2�?� HIHIVJ�K2L5:����

���+MN!OPQ�R+ International AIDS SocietySUSA )IAS-USA*,�1*TD� ������QDepartment of

health and human services )DHHS*2�+1*TD��U<� �V ��+WX-EYZ�U<Y?:F IAS-USA+OP%�[\ ,�]-2^�U<� ;+_2�D<C`E?�a3�b2c�U<Y?:+2 E� DHHS+������%� !"d$QD#$2^�U<� ���� ���2ef:�a3>g:h5%ij&'f:�(-$kY?:F lmU<Y?:�(3)nf:-� IAS-USA+OP%9o*p 2� DHHS+������%)n +q 2c�U<Y?:9r2as5D<:F=C� tR+2*u�,+3*2L?YB� ;<v<-w+������Q��U<Y?:Q� GG>% +330�xy+IAS-USA+OP� L9zDHHS+������+./-� ;+{|2}?Y~�:F

������

+330�+331�+33/�xy� HIV+0�1�+��� HIV-RNA2+3

"4�� PI+4�� ����+5@�$�� HIVJ��+67� ��+8�%�gj�9ECFG+�929o� HIVJ��+��4X%�gj�f:G-2$o� +330� 1�� IAS-USATD+OPQ The

Journal of the American Medical Association )JAMA* 2��U<C,*F :�+;�����(>%� CD.�<�Q/**�mlx�+�K2��34�f:G-Q��U<YLo� G<3s5YG+OP>B�=���HIVJ�K+��4��V% CD.�<��/**�ml, =C% CD.�<��/**�ml>BHIV-RNA2�-*,***�/*,*** copies�ml+,�-U<Y?C )� +� ��*F=���HIVJ�K2L?Y�HIV��3>d24�EC,��� +2�f?@Q�:��:�HIV+0�3�A2B�>gC,�2%� C -�>D�TDHIV3 E>g:¡F�Q�:-¢£D<Y?CG-Q� >dTD+��3¤¥f:{|-$kY?CFETE$QDG+OP2L?Y%� :�=h PI+��

@A2ef:�'���+¦GQ!§H>�kCC¨� ��4�I�%NRTI ,� )=C% ddIJ�* TDKLE�G<2 PI3©£:T�rT3ª��-�K-+MN>«"f:� -U<Y?CF;+¬� PI3©£CHAART%� ;<=>+��>%�D<$TkC­DE?@A3BCDE� G<D+5®�¯ToQOP}°A-$kCF G+C¨� +331� 0�+IAS-USA+OP-* >%��4��VQUD2>=o�HIV-RNA2Q /,***�+*,***copies�ml3Q£:,�%CD.�<�2e±$j��4�Q¤¥U<:G--$kC )� +� ²�*F G+OP2³£¯�]j´R3µg� HIV

J�K+[-¶�Q��S·2$:F´4� DHHS+������% +331� ++�2¸¨Y��U<2*� ��4��V% CD.�<� /**�mlTU� =C%HIV-RNA2Q ,*,*** copies�mlx�+,�2%��3¤

�KVW* : ¹00-�2/*+ º»¼X�YZ +�+ ����������Fax : *132�./�0/3-

,**.� 2� ,�s[

�,**. The Japanese Society for AIDS Research The Journal of AIDS Research

) -3 *+./

�������� �� � +330�� IAS-USA�������������� ��������� -/*�/**�ml�HIV-RNA�� ,*,*** copies�ml� �!"��� #��$�%�&�'()�*�����+,-����./0� +330�12 +332�3��� 3,�4 5Hit

HIV early and hard6 ���78�&�)9:��;�,-�<=����+332�,***��1�� >�?HAART)@A����B�CD�

��E-� BFHIVGHI�JK�LHIV��M(NO�PQR+.S T� +S �� U�� 5Hit HIV early and

hard6 � 5early6 �E��V����WO*��X12� �YZ[�\Q�]^)�_���*��

3/��`�����ab����� >-)c9�AK���d4�eI����f���8� YZ[�\Q�^B�CD��� ��g.hi(j�k��lmU��W�� ��n� ,op�qr2-���i(stu�HIV

GHv��w�� .-xy�`�8� HIVCz){|��}�W����� 0*��`HIV�~�12 ��a!�����"#��� �HAART�����HIVCz){|��}�����a!�"#��� �$��Q���������,-��� &������������a!�.��W�� �,2�%-��������CD�E�K���� .��������#21�.8� IAS-

USA������ &�NO� ����?�)O*���.�� T� +� � � � S

� + BFZ HIVGHI����&��'(�M(NO�PQRJ��&�

&�NO'(�&�

�QOL)�.:��� ' T����(,)S������*�¡¢� '���YZ[�\Q�^<(�£'�¤+� HIV¥e�PQR�¦§�.��<����a!.��)¦§¨©t

&�NO'(�PQR

��aªj.$�«�¬,�[�\Q-­��}��8f��.�a!Z�HIV®.�PQR�C§��a!Z

M(&�NO�&�

�[�\Q-­�}¯°�>�±²�/³�$�«�´!µ �£'0�1��{|.[�\Q�}�����YZ[�\Q�^PQR�µ �HIV®.�PQR)¶·,¸�a!Z

M(&�NO�PQR

��������� QOL�µ ������*�¡¢�2¹jCD�[�\Q�}��º3.!"���YZ[�\Q�M(�^�¤+��a!.���}¨

� + BFZ HIVGHI����&�NO� TIAS-USAS �4» T,***� +y�¼S

S Higasa : Alterations of Guidelines for Antiretroviral Therapy in Patients with HIV Infection

T .* S+.0

,**+���,**+����������� ��������������� DHHS������� ! ,**+� ."�#$+-%&�� CD.'() -/**,**�ml�+�,-./0123 ,%45� IAS-USA�67�� ,**,�0% &�������

8 CD.'() ,**�ml�+./ � 90:;��<=�>?�;�/023 -%1 @�#$ �� CD.'()8 ,**�ml�A�,-�� BC�DEF.� CD.'().GHIJ� HIV-RNAK� DE����LM?NO� P�QP��R�ST8UV&� BWX�Y���ZR[� \]^_`a� <bc�deM?.�Yf98� ,**.��gh

#$�Y� CD.'()8 ,***-/*�ml�,-�����<BW�ci� -/*�ml�A�,-���jk./0f9?1%1@��;��������@@)����5l�mn 9?8� oHit HIV early and hardp �qr!HIVstu����vw x?1 y� zqr���\<!0f� {|8@�w<}~���?��.f!��9� @.8�����k<=�>f9?�M�/91�����8 ������8��� �k��`a�/9���/\�8���YY�� �����k�gh�k�.���Yf9�.c��Y?1

� , �u�� HIVstE�LM?������ 2IAS-USA% ��� 2,**,� 1"��%

� - �u�� HIVstE�LM?������ 2DHHS% ���

The Journal of AIDS Research Vol. 0 No. - ,**.

2 .+ %+.1

������

�������� +330� IAS-USA�� �� ������� Zidovudine (AZT)�didanosine (ddI), AZT

�zalcitabine (ddC), AZT�lamivudine (-TC),���� ddI

��� PI������������ !"��# +331$%�NRTI ,�� PI&���'()*+,-./0�1NNRTI2 +��34� -���567�8� IAS-USA

�� � 9:;����<=���>?�8@8A�#B!�C� DHHS�DEFGEH� +331IJKL&� �������MN�����9:;��?��O� P�QRSTU���;67 VW;67 XY;�67 !8� 67 !8� � .Z�������>?�"��#

DHHS�DEFGEH� +331IJ ,**,&� ������� PI����NRTI�[\�]� Column A

� NRTI ,��<�� Column B��^ B� Column

A�BP!_!IJ +Z�VW`�Vabc�QRSTU��?�"�� 1d .2# �I� ��;67� !"��VW`� Column A�B�e� .f0g�e�A��467 !�QRSTU�Sh +0f-0g��8A"��#&� i���jklmn�o���5pq]��r�VW`5s� !�� *���jklmn5t�u�VW`�X�5vw !����# B��4 xy���;67�VW`�z!5���I5 { |$}��TI��@���~��e�A�#

DHHS�DEFGEH� ,**- 1������� ! �������QRSTU� NNRTI����]�QRSTU PI����]�QRSTU NRTI -��Q

RSTU� -g����@����� KL��A"��1d /2# B!� Column A�B�yx�VW`IJP!_! +Z�Vabc� Tenofovir 1TDF2 l Atazanavir

1ATV2 �i~8 Column A�B��������Z���pq�i� B!&���������5��"��B����@���J!�# J�B����� xy@�A���;67�VW`�X�� /g������&!"�� i���l]�e� � � � � � " � �# B ! � Efavirenz 1EFV2 lLopinavir-Ritonavir 1LPV�r25 P!&���������"�����jk�mn5o�����5 ¡���4���J!�#X�� IAS-USA�� e ,**.IJ¢r67]�������&�4�i~�8� KL��A"�� 1d/2#B�i~� �������VW������£i�e J��¤��� !"�� ¥¦e§��pq �N8¨©;����ªK8z�iA" 67����« !¬^���­~���J!�#

����

����«���� ��jk5�®�8qS 1��¯°2 � ����� l����i�qS5��# ��¯°�]��£� DHHS�DEFGEH�� +331IJ,**,&�� HIV-RNA�5���� .f2±� +�+*$²�8J8� �HIV-RNA�5���� .f0³�¦�´ª��$²�8J8� �HIV-RNA�5Xµ´ª��$²�8A�5 ¢r¶� �HIV-RNA�5·²�� -

¸$O�¶� � NRTI ,��i����iA"HIV-

� . ¹º��67�� 1DHHS2 ��» 1¼@67 !�e�2

S Higasa : Alterations of Guidelines for Antiretroviral Therapy in Patients with HIV Infection

1 ., 2+.2

RNA��������� �CD.��� � ,���������� �������� ������� ��� ! ,**-� 1"+/#�$���%��� �%&�� !� '()*+�, : � -./& ,.0�HIV-RNA�1.** copies�ml, � -./& .20�HIV-RNA�1/*

copies�ml, �HIV-RNA��2��������34��561.** copies�ml7�8� 9+�, : �-./ +

�&� CD.��-./�:; ,/</*�ml���8=3�� � CD.��-./�:;� � ���, : -./ ->"�&�HIV?�@A��BC�D=� 95E�FGHIJK#� ���� L�M�+.#��N=��:;�O�3P���Q��%IRST:U�34�� �V���$��!� -,�WXIYZ*[\]=� Y^_Y`\*� �Q���a� bT�!����������WX�34��Tcd�!� L��eIR�fT��I��:;gh�=��T�2 � IAS-USA�ij�!� ��M�-,��

�k��� DHHS�l(^`(\mn!I"��!#o��3��

������

IAS-USA�ij�! +331�-# M�� -,p��Q�%�k��q���Q$Irs=�%Its=����=u=� ��%!v�HAART���NRTI&Q� bT�! ,QuV��%�vwIx��g��b4�� HAART

�2'�=� +332�.#�!�q���Q$Irs=�%!3K3;� �Q�y`*Irs=�%�ts���� ()��DHHS�l(^`(\�g� +333� /"++#M�!q���Q$Irs=�%Its=����� ,***� +"+,#

uVts��3K34��T� *p!�Q�%�?fTz{|� 3K� �%&�-}~g+�,�b4���� ��3�HIV��-����� q���rsfT����.�34���� 3n�L�/0�RSV�T�L�&� �Q1a����2��T�3�� 1a����~I�R�=��Q�%�����T:U�34��,***� +"+,#uVDHHS�l(^`(\�! ��Q1a����4�?fTij� �ts���x;� ,**-� 1

"+/#uV� L�M��-�%��V���Tcd�� �5g�%I����Tcd� x:6�Q1a���Ig��=��Q�%�RS I%�M�o��T� 2 �IAS-USA�ijg ,**,�0# �� -,p��Q�%�k��� �Q1a����~I26��;7��%Its=��T�-,p��Q�%�k��!� 8������g�����/��/o�9��!bT�� :D���������;��x;�L�}~g�,�!�S3���4���%IR�fT��!� ��<=3 >¡7�¢\£)]�ioV���T�

� �

L�?� DHHS�l(^`(\!� $�I�¤¥¦T�k��� �Y^_Y`\*�� ��HIV�x:6HAART�?fT@§@A�� �¨a�x�T�©]ª'()*A�?fT�B@«�� �HIV¬­®¯��fT¬­C°>'\Z±\²�� �+D +�EF�-� ��Q³GH5´µ|�3n�Ir��T:U�3;� ��!�8fT2 �bT� ��VIJ�¶·fT��!�¸3��o� ¹!WKI�º�����

/ ,**.�B»L¼������T-./�Q

The Journal of AIDS Research Vol. 0 No. - ,**.

C .- #+.3

� � � �

HIV���������� ����� �� �������������� !"#$%&'( )�)�*�+ ,-./0#1%&'HAART�+ .2.23456���/7�+ 8�9:;�<=>?@ABCDE�FG*HI( .'+ J'���K���L�M3+ N�OPQ�RBHS�0T/7U( )'*$%V1��WXYZX��[\B]^_`*0#1%Ia��bc�1�I(de�fJ)IWXYZX�ghi)jj+ HIV������fkl;/7UV!Bm.n'6/+ �o!pGq)rI+ ��stguE)%IaV!*vw/7U(

� �

+ x Ho DD, Neumann AU, Perelson AS, Chen W, Leonard

JM, Markowitz M : Rapid turnover of plasma virions

and CD. lymphocytes in HIV-+ infection. Nature -1- :

+,-�+,0, +33/.

, x Carpenter CC, Fischl MA, Hammer SM, Hirsch MS,

Jacobsen DM, Katzenstein DA, Montaner JS, Richman

DD, Saag MS, Schooley RT, Thompson MA, Vella S,

Yeni PG, Volberding PA : Antiretroviral therapy for

HIV infection in +330. Recommendations of an interna-

tional panel. International AIDS Society-USA. JAMA

,10 : +.0�+/., +330.

- x Carpenter CC, Fischl MA, Hammer SM, Hirsch MS,

Jacobsen DM, Katzenstein DA, Montaner JS, Richman

DD, Saag MS, Schooley RT, Thompson MA, Vella S,

Yeni PG, Volberding PA : Antiretroviral therapy for

HIV infection in +331. Updated recommendations of the

International AIDS Society-USA panel. JAMA ,11 :

+30,�+303, +331.

. x Carpenter CC, Fischl MA, Hammer SM, Hirsch MS,

Jacobsen DM, Katzenstein DA, Montaner JS, Richman

DD, Saag MS, Schooley RT, Thompson MA, Vella S,

Yeni PG, Volberding PA : Antiretroviral therapy for

HIV infection in +332 : Updated recommendations of

the International AIDS Society-USA Panel. JAMA ,2* :

12�20, +332.

/ x Carpenter CC, Cooper DA, Fischl MA, Gatell JM,

Gazzard BG, Hammer SM, Hirsch MS, Jacobsen DM,

Katzenstein DA, Montaner JS, Richman DD, Saag MS,

Schechter M, Schooley RT, Thompson MA, Vella S,

Yeni PG, Volberding PA : Antiretroviral therapy in

adults : Updated recommendations of the International

AIDS Society-USA Panel. JAMA ,2- : -2+�-3*, ,***.

0 x Yeni PG, Hammer SM, Carpenter CC, Cooper DA,

Fischl MA, Gatell JM, Gazzard BG, Hirsch MS,

Jacobsen DM, Katzenstein DA, Montaner JS, Richman

DD, Saag MS, Schechter M, Schooley RT, Thompson

MA, Vella S, Volberding PA : Antiretroviral treatment

for adult HIV infection in ,**, : Updated recommenda-

tions of the International AIDS Society-USA Panel.

JAMA ,22 : ,,,�,-/, ,**,.

1 x Yeni PG, Hammer SM, Hirsch MS, Saag MS, Schechter

M, Carpenter CC, Fischl MA, Gatell JM, Gazzard BG,

Jacobsen DM, Katzenstein DA, Montaner JS, Richman

DD, Schooley RT, Thompson MA, Vella S, Volberding

PA : Treatment for Adult HIV Infection. ,**. Recom-

mendations of the International AIDS Society-USA

Panel. JAMA ,3, : ,/+�,0/, ,**..

2 x The panel on clinical practices for treatment of HIV

infection. Guidelines for the use of antiretroviral agent in

HIV-infected adults and adolescents. Department of

Health and Human Services (DHHS) Nov ++, +331.

http : //aidsinfo.nih.gov/guidelines/

3 x The panel on clinical practices for treatment of HIV

infection. Guidelines for the use of antiretroviral agent in

HIV-infected adults and adolescents. Department of

Health and Human Services (DHHS) Mar -+, +332.

http : //aidsinfo.nih.gov/guidelines/

+*x The panel on clinical practices for treatment of HIV

infection. Guidelines for the use of antiretroviral agent in

HIV-infected adults and adolescents. Department of

Health and Human Services (DHHS) Dec +, +332.

http : //aidsinfo.nih.gov/guidelines/

++x The panel on clinical practices for treatment of HIV

infection. Guidelines for the use of antiretroviral agent in

HIV-infected adults and adolescents. Department of

Health and Human Services (DHHS) May /, +333.

http : //aidsinfo.nih.gov/guidelines/

+,x The panel on clinical practices for treatment of HIV

infection. Guidelines for the use of antiretroviral agent in

HIV-infected adults and adolescents. Department of

Health and Human Services (DHHS) Jan ,2, ,***.

http : //aidsinfo.nih.gov/guidelines/

+-x The panel on clinical practices for treatment of HIV

infection. Guidelines for the use of antiretroviral agent in

HIV-infected adults and adolescents. Department of

Health and Human Services (DHHS) Apr ,-, ,**+.

http : //aidsinfo.nih.gov/guidelines/

S Higasa : Alterations of Guidelines for Antiretroviral Therapy in Patients with HIV Infection

y .. x+/*

+.� The panel on clinical practices for treatment of HIV

infection. Guidelines for the use of antiretroviral agent in

HIV-infected adults and adolescents. Department of

Health and Human Services (DHHS) Feb .. ,**,.

http : //aidsinfo.nih.gov/guidelines/

+/� The panel on clinical practices for treatment of HIV

infection. Guidelines for the use of antiretroviral agent in

HIV-infected adults and adolescents. Department of

Health and Human Services (DHHS) July +.. ,**-.

http : //aidsinfo.nih.gov/guidelines/

+0� The panel on clinical practices for treatment of HIV

infection. Guidelines for the use of antiretroviral agent in

HIV-infected adults and adolescents. Department of

Health and Human Services (DHHS) Nov +*. ,**-.

http : //aidsinfo.nih.gov/guidelines/

+1� The panel on clinical practices for treatment of HIV

infection. Guidelines for the use of antiretroviral agent in

HIV-infected adults and adolescents. Department of

Health and Human Services (DHHS) Mar ,-. ,**..

http : //aidsinfo.nih.gov/guidelines/

+2� ����� ��� � � : �HIV��������� �� +.������� !"#$%&' (�)*+"#,- .HIV/012��3456"#78� ,**-.

+3� Pozniak A, et al : British HIV Association (BHIVA)

guidelines for the treatment of HIV-infected adults with

antiretroviral therapy. HIV Med Suppl + : +�.+, ,**-.

The Journal of AIDS Research Vol. 0 No. - ,**.

9 ./ �+/+