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HIV AIDS CounselingHIV AIDS CounselingCounseling incorporates a

process of empowerment for persons with HIV.

Living with HIV does not mean living despite HIV

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Importance Infection is life long Diagnosis of HIV has enormous

psychological pressure and anxiety that can delay constructive change or worsen illness

Behavioral change can prevent acquiring HIV or transmitting it to others

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Introduction Counseling is an interpersonal

interaction & dialogue between a client and someone who is trained and skilled in counseling.

It is a helping process where one explicitly and purposefully gives one’s time ,attention and skills to assist a client explore their situation,identify and act upon solutions within the limitations of their given environment.

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OBJECTIVES

1.Provide psychosocial support to those already affected-may be HIV+ve or AIDS,

2.Prevent HIV infection.

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Counseling as a process

– can

Ensure passing on correct information

Provide support at time of crisis

Encourage change when required

Help the client identify immediate & long term needs

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Counseling Can Propose realistic actions in different

situations for different people Assist clients to accept and act on

information on health&well being,and Help client to be well informed and

appreciate technical,social,ethical and legal implications of HIV testing

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WHERE?

ANYWHERE

Ward,clinic,blood bank,school,mandir/guruduara.

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WHO?

Anyone You,me,doctor,nurse,psychologist,LT,social worker,pharmacist

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Who is a Good counselor?

Own values must not influence(open,non judgmental)

Must respect culture and traditions of client(positive regard for client)

Must take into account prevailing beliefs about ailments in general and HIV in particular(knowledgeable)

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GOOD COUNSELOR

Must help clients and families to discover culturally acceptable ways of expressing emotions,anger,guilt,fear,sadness(cultura-lly sensitive)

Patient and good listener Able to maintain confidentiality Objective with clarity.

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Techniques of Counseling Active listening/attending Reflection of feeling Questioning-open ended,not multiple

choice or Y/N type Paraphrasing-repeat client’s statement

in your own words.Essence/summary of client’s words.

Interpretations

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Contents of Counseling

Primarily to prevent reinfection Basic information about HIV

infection,opportunistic infections and means of transmission

Specific information on risk reduction by changing risk behaviors(safe sex,safe syringes and safe motherhood)

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Contents of Counseling

How to tell others that one is HIV positive

Handling hostility-fear & feeling about having HIV

Supporting the process of anticipatory grief

Planning continued involvement of client in self care

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Contents of Counseling Establishing a supportive network to

provide physical and emotional care during the course of the disease

Exploring the ways of taking care of survivors

Accepting fear of death and continue to provide emotional support

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STAGES Forming rapport and gaining trust Defining and understanding roles ,boundaries

and needs Process of ongoing,supportive counseling Closure or ending counseling relationship.it

can be tapered off like we taper steroids

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Supportive Behavior of Counselor

VERBAL Client’s

language Repeat client’s

statement Explain clearly Summarises Respond to

primary message

Encourages:”I see”,”Yeah,go on.”

Addresses by proper adjective,behanji,prahji etc.

Gives needed information.

Uses humor. No criticism.

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Supportive Behavior of CounselorNon Verbal

Client’s tone

Look into client’s eyes

Nod occassionally

Use facial expressions

Use occasional gestures

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Non supportive Behavior of Counselor

Verbal Advising Preaching Blaming &

judging Cajoling Interrogating

Excess reassuring Straying on the topic Encouraging

dependence Patronising attitude Directing,demanding

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Non Supportive Behavior of counselor

Non Verbal Looking away Keeping a

distance Yawning Frowning Blank face

Using unpleasant tone of speech

Speaking too fast or too slow

Moving around Fidgeting.

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CONCLUSIONS

Counseling is an art and science Requires self knowledge,discipline

and restraint besides knowledge of HIV

Counselor should have a balance between warmth and acceptability on one hand and objectivity on the other.

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CONCLUSIONS

Approaches may be different but a counselor should have qualities of caring,empathy,self-awareness,cultural sensitivity and patience

Counseling techniques include active attending,reflection of feeling,questioning,interpretation,con-frontation and summarizing

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CONCLUSIONS

Counseling relationship has stages of rapport forming,demystifying counseling process and beginning the process of history taking and needs definition,actual work of supporting clients decisions,feelings and help him/her change and finally ending of relationship.

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thanks