Hitler & the Rise of Hitler & the Rise of Nazi GermanyNazi Germany

Ms. GarrattMs. Garratt

Honors World HistoryHonors World History

Struggles of the Weimar RepublicStruggles of the Weimar Republic

Hated due to signing Hated due to signing Versailles Treaty.Versailles Treaty. Lack of democratic tradition in GermanyLack of democratic tradition in Germany

Weak Weak parliamentaryparliamentary gov due to high # of gov due to high # of parties.parties.

This forced the gov to form coalition govs This forced the gov to form coalition govs which easily fell apart.which easily fell apart.

It was under attack from both conservatives It was under attack from both conservatives and liberalsand liberals

InflationInflation In 1923 Germany fell behind In 1923 Germany fell behind

in its in its reparationsreparations

So France occupied the coal-So France occupied the coal-rich rich Ruhr ValleyRuhr Valley

Workers went on Workers went on strikestrike

German gov printed huge German gov printed huge quantities of currency to pay quantities of currency to pay reparationsreparations

Result was severe Result was severe inflationinflation German mark became almost German mark became almost

worthless.worthless.

RecoveryRecovery

Dawes PlanDawes Plan – US lent Germany – US lent Germany $billions to help stabilize the German $billions to help stabilize the German economy and pay reparationseconomy and pay reparations

France withdrew from France withdrew from Ruhr ValleyRuhr Valley Germany began to prosper until Germany began to prosper until Gt. Gt.

Depression Depression hithit.. Hitler promised to restore German Hitler promised to restore German

greatness & put the people back to greatness & put the people back to workwork

HitlerHitler Despised Weimar Despised Weimar

gov & joined gov & joined Nazi Nazi party in 1919party in 1919

Tried to seize Tried to seize power in 1923power in 1923

Was arrested & Was arrested & sent to jail where sent to jail where he wrote he wrote Mein Mein KampfKampf (My (My struggle)struggle)

Landesberg PrisonLandesberg Prison

Major Ideas of Mein KampfMajor Ideas of Mein Kampf Extreme nationalismExtreme nationalism Race was the single-most important factor Race was the single-most important factor

in Nazi ideology.in Nazi ideology.– The Aryans were the master race The Aryans were the master race

Jews were inferior & scapegoated for long Jews were inferior & scapegoated for long list of problems confronting Germany. list of problems confronting Germany. Very antisemitic.Very antisemitic.

Fascist govs were all anti communist. Fascist govs were all anti communist. Lebensraum demanded by NazisLebensraum demanded by Nazis Women and MotherhoodWomen and Motherhood Slavic people as slaves to GermansSlavic people as slaves to Germans

What the critics are saying about What the critics are saying about Mein KampfMein Kampf

Road to PowerRoad to Power Gt Depression helped Hitler’s rise to powerGt Depression helped Hitler’s rise to power Promised to end reparations, create jobs & Promised to end reparations, create jobs &

rearm Germanyrearm Germany Gov was paralyzed by divisions & both Gov was paralyzed by divisions & both

Nazis & Communists won more seats in Nazis & Communists won more seats in ReichstagReichstag

In 1933 conservative politicians asked In 1933 conservative politicians asked Hitler to become chancellorHitler to become chancellor

They despised him but planned to They despised him but planned to use/control himuse/control him

He gained power legallyHe gained power legally

Hitler & Third ReichHitler & Third Reich

Within a year he suspended civil rightsWithin a year he suspended civil rights Germany became one-party stateGermany became one-party state He disbanded other political parties & sent political He disbanded other political parties & sent political

enemies to concentration camps.enemies to concentration camps. Repudiated Versailles TreatyRepudiated Versailles Treaty Created totalitarian stateCreated totalitarian state Used brutal system of terror & violenceUsed brutal system of terror & violence Secret police (Gestapo) enforced Hitler’s willSecret police (Gestapo) enforced Hitler’s will Purged his own party.Purged his own party. Built concentration camps for those who opposed Built concentration camps for those who opposed

himhim

Totalitarian StateTotalitarian State Single party dictatorshipSingle party dictatorship State control of the economyState control of the economy Police spies & state terrorismPolice spies & state terrorism Strict censorship & government control of the Strict censorship & government control of the

mediamedia Use of schools & media to indoctrinate citizensUse of schools & media to indoctrinate citizens Demands unquestioning obedience to HitlerDemands unquestioning obedience to Hitler All of these are also elements of Fascism.All of these are also elements of Fascism. What then is the difference? In fascism the What then is the difference? In fascism the

element of race & nationality is paramount.element of race & nationality is paramount. In a Communist society the goal is world In a Communist society the goal is world

revolution and elimination of nationalismrevolution and elimination of nationalism

Economic PolicyEconomic Policy

Hitler used Hitler used deficit spendingdeficit spending to solve to solve Germany’s economic problemsGermany’s economic problems

Started huge Started huge public works projectspublic works projects Built highways, housingBuilt highways, housing Began rearming Germany in violation of Began rearming Germany in violation of

Versailles TreatyVersailles Treaty All this stimulated the economy and All this stimulated the economy and

employed peopleemployed people Preserved big business but it was under Preserved big business but it was under

gov control along with laborgov control along with labor Few objected because standard of living Few objected because standard of living

improvedimproved

Social PolicySocial Policy

Indoctrination with Indoctrination with racist ideologyracist ideology.. Youth groups were taught absolute loyalty Youth groups were taught absolute loyalty

to Hitlerto Hitler Youth was prepared for warYouth was prepared for war Women were dismissed from upper level Women were dismissed from upper level

jobs & the university.jobs & the university. Told their greatest contribution was Told their greatest contribution was

motherhood.motherhood. LebensbornLebensborn program program Aryan mothers were offered rewards for Aryan mothers were offered rewards for

having lots of babieshaving lots of babies

Purging German CulturePurging German Culture

Nazis denounced:Nazis denounced:– Modern art (Dada, surrealism, futurism)Modern art (Dada, surrealism, futurism)– JazzJazz– All Quiet on the Western Front (novel)All Quiet on the Western Front (novel)– All works by Jewish authorsAll works by Jewish authors– Mentally ill were euthanizedMentally ill were euthanized– Homosexuals sent to concentration campsHomosexuals sent to concentration camps– Jews lost jobs and civil rightsJews lost jobs and civil rights

What type of art is this?What type of art is this?

Nazism & the ChurchesNazism & the Churches

Hitler saw Christianity as weakHitler saw Christianity as weak Wanted to replace it with a racial creedWanted to replace it with a racial creed Combined all Protestant sects into one Combined all Protestant sects into one

single state church to better control themsingle state church to better control them.. Many Catholic churches were closed and Many Catholic churches were closed and

the clergy was silencedthe clergy was silenced Some did support Hitler though including Some did support Hitler though including

the Pope who recognized the Nazi regime the Pope who recognized the Nazi regime and never uttered a complaint against and never uttered a complaint against what it was doing to the Jewswhat it was doing to the Jews

Some Clergy Supported HitlerSome Clergy Supported Hitler

Campaign against the JewsCampaign against the Jews

Nuremberg Laws 1935Nuremberg Laws 1935 Over 125 laws passed against Jews Over 125 laws passed against Jews

between 1933-1938between 1933-1938 Kristallnacht 1938Kristallnacht 1938 Evian Conference 1938Evian Conference 1938 Ghetto-izationGhetto-ization DeportationDeportation EinsatzgruppenEinsatzgruppen Wannsee Conference – Final SolutionWannsee Conference – Final Solution

How Jews Torment AnimalsHow Jews Torment Animals

How Jews Cheat in BusinessHow Jews Cheat in Business

Money is the God of the JewsMoney is the God of the Jews

When you see a cross remember how the When you see a cross remember how the Jews brutally murdered ChristJews brutally murdered Christ

How to recognize Jews?How to recognize Jews?

KristallnachtKristallnacht

Retaliation for murder of Nazi official Retaliation for murder of Nazi official in Parisin Paris

Savagely destroyed and vandalized Savagely destroyed and vandalized Jewish synagogues & businessesJewish synagogues & businesses

18,000 Jews rounded up and sent to 18,000 Jews rounded up and sent to concentration campsconcentration camps

After destruction of Jewish property After destruction of Jewish property Jewish communities were given a bill Jewish communities were given a bill to clean it upto clean it up

Synagogue in BerlinSynagogue in Berlin

Maps showing where synagogues Maps showing where synagogues were destroyedwere destroyed

Jewish Businesses VandalizedJewish Businesses Vandalized

Authoritarianism in Eastern EuropeAuthoritarianism in Eastern Europe

Ethnic & religious rivalries persisted Ethnic & religious rivalries persisted & undermined political stability& undermined political stability

Agric economies lacked capital to Agric economies lacked capital to industrialize & modernizeindustrialize & modernize

Instability of govs helped fascist Instability of govs helped fascist rulers gain powerrulers gain power

With the exception of Czechoslavakia With the exception of Czechoslavakia & Finland all Eastern European govs & Finland all Eastern European govs were run by right-wing dictatorswere run by right-wing dictators

Mein KampfMein Kampf