19th Century Timeline

1862 1864

Homestead Act- a U.S. law that provided 160 acres in the west to any citizen or intended citizen who was head of household and would cultivate the land for five years; a law whose passage led to record numbers of U.S. settlers claiming private property which previously had been reserved by treaty and by tradition for Native American nomadic dwelling and use; the same law strengthened in 1889 to encourage individuals to exercise their private property rights and develop homesteads out of the vast government.

Sand Creek Massacre- Most of the Cheyenne had peacefully returned to Colorado’s San Creek reserve for winter but General S.R. Curtis sent a telegram to militia colonel John Chivington that read “I want no peace till the Indians suffer more.” So Chivington and his troops descended on the Cheyenne and Arapho camped at Sand Creek; the attack at dawn on November 29 killed over 150 inhabitants, mostly women and children.

1850

Bessemer Process- A cheap and effective process for making steel.

18901876

Wounded Knee- On December 28, the Seventh Cavalry rounded up about 350 starving and freezing Sioux and took them to a camp at Wounded Knee Creek in South Dakota. The soldiers made them give up their weapons. A shot was fired and within minutes, the Seventh Cavalry slaughtered 300 unarmed Native Americans including several children; the soldiers left the bodies to freeze on the ground.

Telephone- most dramatic invention unveiled by Alexander Graham Belland and Thomas Watson; it opened the way for a worldwide communications network

1869

Transcontinental Railroad- a railroad line linking the Atlantic and Pacific coasts of the U.S.

1887

Dawes Act- broke up reservations and gave some of the reservation land to individual Native Americans-160 acres to each head of household and 80 acres to each unmarried adult.

Date Box

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1896 18661890

Sherman Antitrust Act- this act made it illegal to form a trust that interfered with free trade between states or with other countries

Plessy vs. Ferguson- a case in which the supreme court ruled that separation of the races in public accommodations was legal, thus establishing the “separate but equal” doctrine.

Buffalo Soldiers- they were the original members of the U.S. 10th Cavalry Regiment of the U.S. Army formed on September 21 at Fort Leavenworth Kansas.

1876

Battle of Little Big Horn- an armed engagement between combined forces of Lakota, Northern Cheyenne and Arapho tribes against the 7th Cavalry Regiment of the U.S. Army.

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1890

Ghost Dance- a religious movement which was incorporated into numerous Native American belief systems.

1867

National Farmer’s Alliance- It was started by the Grange and was an agrarian economic movement; farmers joined together to decrease debt, poverty, and low crop prices through education, economic cooperation and organizing, and asserting their power in electoral politics.

1886

Colored Farmer’s Alliance- a group of black farmers who formed their own alliance to fill their needs.

1890

Sherman Antitrust Act- First measure passed by the U.S. Congress to prohibit trusts.

1892

Omaha Platform- The party program adopted at the formative convention of the Populist Party held in Omaha, Nebraska on July 4.

1870 1886

John D. Rockefeller- He founded the Standard Oil Company and aggressively ran it until he officially retired.

Samuel Gompers- he founded the American Federation of Labor and served as that organization’s president until his death.

1884

Eugene V. Debs- he was a member of the Democratic Party and was elected as a Democrat to the Indiana General Assembly.

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1943 19451890

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This old looking computer is an early MacIntosh computer

This first computer was made of wood and powered by steam!

An early model nicknamed “El Pinto” because it sometimes burst into flames

1885 1904 1922 1931 1999 2040

This model was called the Compy 386

This portable computer only weighed 475 pounds and was moved by a team of draft horses

This short-lived model was both a computer and a fashionable hat

This Depression-era computer doubled as a furnace

A late model, “green technology” computer made of recycled dead X-box consoles

The latest computers are made of folded paper and very expensive tape

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