History of the Winter Olympics

By : D. Asriyan J. Arutunyan

V. Brenko E. Khristenko

V.eMSchool №29

Usually The Olympic Games began before the middle of summer. The best athletes arrived from many Greek states to Olympia to compete. . Only men could take part in Olympic Games. Women were not allowed even to watch the competitions The Olympic Games were held for about eleven hundred years, until the imperor Theodosius banned them for religious reasons.

The Ancient Olympic Games

Pierre de Coubertin

MODERN OLYMPICS

Chamonix, FranceEn 1921, le Comité International

Olympique accorde son patronage à la Semaine Internationale des sports d’hiver, programmée en 1924 à Chamonix, en France. Cet événement connaît un grand succès, attirant 10 004 spectateurs. Il sera rétrospectivement reconnu comme les premiers Jeux Olympiques d’hiver. Les premiers Jeux Olympiques d'hiver a été d’abord connus sous le nom de "Semaine des sports d'hiver".

.

La remise officielle des médailles n'a lieu que le 5 février, peu avant le discours officiel de clôture de Pierre de Coubertin. Certains athlètes ayant déjà regagné leurs pays, ce sont aux membres de leurs délégations que Frantz Reichel remet les médailles.

Ce sont 10 004 spectateurs payants qui au total sont enregistrés lors de cette édition des Jeux.

Un feu symbolique a été allumé pour la première fois aux Jeux Olympiques d’hiver en 1936 à Garmisch-Partenkirchen.

Lors du défilé des délégations à la cérémonie d’ouverture, de nombreux athlètes défilent en portant leurs équipements sur l’épaule (ski, cross de hockey…).

St. Moritz, SWITZERLANDDie II. Olympischen Winterspiele fanden

vom 11.bis 19. Februar 1928 in St. Moritz in

der Schweiz statt. Sie waren die ersten eigenständigen Winterspiele, die nicht in

Verbindung mit Sommerspielen ausgetragen wurden. Zum ersten Mal nach dem Ersten

Weltkrieg nahmen wieder deutsche Sportler an Olympischen Spielen teil. Frauen waren nur bei den Eiskunstlaufdisziplinen dabei. Im Vergleich zu 1924 in Chamonix, wo die

„Internationale Wintersportwoche“ über 13 Tage angedauert hatte, war der Zeitplan

diesmal um einiges kompakter. Im Eisschnelllauf entfiel der Mehrkampf, dafür

war Skeleton neu im olympischen Programm. Curling wurde durch den

Lake Placid (THE USA)The III Olympic Winter Games, took place in 1932 in Lake Placid, New York, United States. The games

opened on February 4, 1932.  This was the first time that the Winter Olympics were held in the United

States. More than 350 athletes from 17 countries competed in 4 sports, 14

events . Medals were awarded for Bobsleigh Speed Skating Figure Skating Nordic Combined Cross-Country Skiing Ski Jumping Ice hockey Demonstration sports

Dog-sled racing Сurling.

Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany

The IV Olympic Winter Games were held in Garmisch-Partenkirchen in the Oberbayern

Region of Bavaria, Germany in 1936 . Germany also hosted the Summer

Olympics the same year in Berlin. 1936 is the last year in which the Summer and

Winter Games were both held in the same country. For the first time the Olympic

flame burned at the Winter Olympics.646 participants from 28 countries competed in the 1936 Winter Summer Games (except

for the Soviet Union).  There were 17 events in 4 sports in the fourth Winter Summer Games in 1936. Medals were

awarded for alpine skiing, bobsleigh, figure skating, ice hockey, Nordic skiing, cross-

country skiing, Nordic combined, ski jumping and speed skating.

Demonstration sports Ice stock sport, Military patrol

Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany

Garmisch-Partenkirchen ist ein Markt und zugleich Kreishauptort des Landkreises Garmisch-Partenkirchen sowie Zentrum

des Werdenfelser Landes.Obwohl Garmisch-Partenkirchen etwa 27.000 Einwohner hat, ist

es keine Stadt, sondern eine von 13 sogenannten leistungsfähigen

kreisangehörigen Gemeinden in Bayern. 1936 wurden hier die Olympischen

Winterspiele ausgetragen. Die IV. Olympischen Winterspiele wurden 1936

in Garmisch-Partenkirchen im nationalsozialistisch regierten Deutschen

Reich ausgetragen. 1936 wurden zum ersten Mal alpine Skirennen veranstaltet. Darüber kam es zu Auseinandersetzungen mit dem Internationalen Skiverband, weil das IOC im

Gegensatz zu den FIS-Regeln Skilehrer als Profis nicht teilnehmen ließ. Aus diesem Grund entschieden sich der österreichische

(wie auch der schweizerische) Skiverband, die Herren-Skirennen zu boykottieren.

St. Moritz , SWITZERLANDThe 1948 Winter Olympics were officially known as the V Olympic Winter Games

were held in St. Moritz in Switzerland. The 1940 and 1944 Winter Olympics were

cancelled due to the outbreak of the World War II. Hence, the 1948 Winter Summer Games were the first in twelve years.

669 participants from 28 countries competed in the 1948 Winter Summer

Games There were 22 events in 4 sports in the fifth Winter Summer Games in 1948. Medals were awarded for alpine skiing,

bobsleigh, figure skating, ice hockey, cross-country skiing, Nordic combined, ski

jumping and speed skating Demonstration sports military patrol and the winter pentathlon

St. Moritz , SWITZERLANDDie V. Olympischen Winterspiele wurden

1948 in St. Moritz in der Schweiz ausgetragen. Den Spielen ging wegen des Zweiten Weltkriegs eine zwölfjährige Phase

ohne Olympische Winterspiele voraus. St. Moritz war nach den Spielen von 1928 zum

zweiten Mal Gastgeber Olympischer Winterspiele.

Die Ausweitung auf sechs olympische Alpinwettbewerbe rückte den alpinen

Skisport in den Mittelpunkt. Ski Alpin war zum zweiten Mal im olympischen Programm dabei.

Im Vergleich zu den Olympischen Winterspielen 1936 in Garmisch-

Partenkirchen wurden die Disziplinen Abfahrt und Slalom neu

aufgenommen.

Oslo, NorwayThe Olympic Games came to Scandinavia for

the first time in 1952.The 1952 Winter Olympics were officially known as the VI

Olympic Winter Games were held in Oslo , the capital of Norway. 694 participants from 30 countries competed in the 1952 Winter Summer Games  There were 22 events in 6 sports in the sixth Winter Summer Games in

1952 . Medals were awarded for alpine skiing, bobsleigh, figure skating, ice hockey, cross-

country skiing, Nordic combined, ski jumping and speed skating. Demonstration sports  Bandy Also for the first time, the Olympic torch was brought to the Winter Games by way of a runner relay, a tradition started in the Summer Games. There were 94 skiers

participating in the relay

.

Cortina d’Ampezzo,ITALY

.

.

The 1956 Winter Olympics were officially known as the VII Olympic Winter Games took place in Cortina d’Ampezzo in Italy. They were attended by more than 800 athletes representing 32 countries. The

Soviet Union made its Winter Games debut and was the most successful country,

claiming 16 medals, including a gold in the ice hockey competition.  694 participants from 30 countries competed in the 1956 Winter Summer Games . There were 24 events in 4 sports in the seventh Winter

Summer Games in 1956 For the first time, the Winter Olympics were carried on live television, with the RAI network of Italy providing coverage to eight European

countries. 

.

Cortina d’Ampezzo,ITALY

.

.

La Séptima Olimpiada de invierno tuvo lugar en 1956 en Cortina de Ampezzo ,

una ciudad –balnearia en el este de Italia. Mas de 800 de atletas de 32 paises

tomaron parte en los VII Juegos Olímpicos de invierno.La Unión Soviética, estrenando en esta Olimpiada , logró el

mayor éxito y ganó 16 medallas, incluyendo una medalla de oro de

hockey. Por primera vez esta Olimpiada se transmitió por la televisión.

Squaw Valley,(THE USA)The 1960 Winter Olympics, was a

winter multi-sport event held between 18 and 28 February 1960 in Squaw Valley, California, United States.The Winter Games went to the United

States for the second time.This was the second time the Games left Europe,

their natural site.  Thirty nations competed in four sports and 27 events.

Women's speed skating and biathlon made their

Olympic debuts .The Soviet Union dominated the medal count

winning 21 medals, 7 of which were gold. Medals were awarded for Biathlon

Alpine skiing Speed skating Nordic combined Cross-country skiing Ski jumping  Figure skating Ice hockey

Insbruck,AustriaThe 1964 Winter Olympics were officially

known as the IX Olympic Winter Games were held in Innsbruck, the capital of the federal

state of Tyrol in Austria. 1091 participants 36 countries competed in the 1964 Winter

Summer Games .  There were 34 events in 6 sports in the ninth Winter Summer Games in 1964. Luge made their Olympic debut.USSR won the highest number of medals with 25 medals in total ( 11gold, 8 silver, 6 bronze medals) Computers made their Olympic

debut. For the first time in a Winter Games, the Olympic torch was lit in ancient Olympia,

Greece, and then relayed to Innsbruck. Medals were awarded for Biathlon Bobsleigh Alpine

skiing Speed skating Nordic combined Cross-country skiing Ski jumping Figure skating Ice

hockey Luge   Demonstration sport Icestock sport

Innsbruck, AustriaDie IX. Olympische

Winterspiele wurden 1964 in Innsbruck, Österreich, ausgetragen. Diese

Olympischen Winterspiele litten unter akutem Schneemangel. Das olympische Feuer für die Olympischen Winterspiele

1964 wurde erstmals im antiken Olympia durch einen Hohlspiegel

entzündet.Für den Transport der

Wettkampfteilnehmer zu den Sportstätten wurden ausschließlich Magirus-Deutz

Busse verwendet. Das Olympische Komitee vergab die Ausstattung der

Olympischen Spiele mit Fahrzeugen u. a. wegen der Zuverlässigkeit

der luftgekühlten Motoren dieses Herstellers bei Kälte an Magirus-Deutz.

Grenoble, FranceThe X Olympic Winter Games were held in Grenoble, the capital of the Isere district

in southeast France in 1968. 1158 participants from 37 countries competed

in the 1968 Winter Summer Games . There were 35events in 6 sports.

Women competed in only 12 events, compared to 21 men's events - there are also two mixed doubles events, in figure

skating and luge. This was the first appearance of a mascot in Olympic

history, Schuss - a man on skis.These were the first Winter Games to be

broadcast in colour. For the first time since the end of World War II, East and

West German athletes competed on separate teams and continued to do up

until 1988. And the International Olympic Committee set a precedent by ordering

the first drug and gender testing of Olympic athletes.

Grenoble, France

La Norvège décroche le plus grand nombre de médailles. C’est la première fois qu’un pays autre que l’URSS y parvient. Les contrôles de féminité sont introduits, tout comme les contrôles de dopage pour les hommes et les femmes. Les Jeux de Grenoble sont aussi les premiers à être diffusés en couleur.

Pays : 37

Athlètes : 1 158 (211 femmes, 947 hommes)

Épreuves : 35

L'action de la commission médicale du Comité International Olympique s‘ est exerçé dans deux voies différentes : le contrôle du sexe chez la femme et le contrôle du dopage. Ça a été la première fois qu'une telle action s’est déroulé dans le cadre de Jeux Olympiques.

Ouverture officielle des Jeux par: Le Président Charles de Gaulle

Allumage de la vasque olympique par: Alain Calmat (patinage artistique)

Grenoble, FranceApparition d'une

mascotte non officielle du nom de "Schuss", représentant un petit bonhomme sur des skis.

Il représente un cristal de neige assorti des trois roses rouges, symbole de Grenoble, et des cinq anneaux olympiques monochromes.

Emblème

Affiche

Mascotte:

Son auteur est le publicitaire Jean Brian. Le tirage a été de 170 000 exemplaires

Médaille:

Sur l'avers, l'emblème officiel dessiné par Roger Excoffon. Sur le revers, le pictogramme de la discipline, également réalisé par Excoffon.

Sapporo, JapanThe Eleventh Winter

Olympics: The 1972 Winter Olympics were officially known as the XI

Olympic Winter Games. The games were held in Sapporo, the capital of the Hokkaido in Japan. This was the

first time for the East. 1006 participants from 35 countries competed in the 1972 Winter Summer Games . There were

35events in 6 sports in the eleventh Winter Summer Games in 1972. The

Soviets returned to the top of the medals table with 16. USSR won 16

medals in total with 8gold, 5 silver, 3 bronze medals.

Innsbruck, AustriaThe 1976 Winter Olympics were

officially known as the XII Olympic Winter Games. The games were held

in Innsbruck, the capital of the federal state of Tyrol in Austria.  1123

participants from 37 countries competed in the 1976 Winter Summer Games .  There were

37events in 6 sports in the twelfth Winter Summer Games in 1976.

Medals were awarded for Biathlon Bobsleigh Alpine skiing Speed skating Nordic combined Cross-country skiing Ski jumping Luge Figure skating Ice hockey. USSR won the competition with 27 medals in total ( 13gold, 6

silver, 8 bronze medals)

Innsbruck, AustriaDie XII. Olympischen

Winterspiele wurden vom 4. bis 15. Februar 1976

in Innsbruck, Österreich, ausgetragen. Bei der zweiten Entscheidung setzte

sich Innsbruck gegen Lake Placid, Chamonix und Tampere durch.

Innsbruck wurde zum zweiten Mal nach 1964 Austragungsort für

Olympische Winterspiele, nachdem Denver die Spiele zurückgegeben hatte. Zum ersten Mal war Eistanz

eine olympische Disziplin.Im Vorfeld der Olympischen

Winterspiele erfuhr Innsbruck abseits des Sportstättenbaus zahlreiche städtebauliche Veränderungen.

LAKE PLACID,(THE USA)The Winter Olympic Games were held in Lake Placid, USA, in 1980,

between Feb 13-24. 37 Nations with 1072 participants competed in 38

events. The sports were alpine skiing, biathlon, bobsleigh, figure skating, ice hockey, luge, Nordic

skiing, cross-country skiing, Nordic combined, ski jumping and speed skating. Lake Placid also hosted

the Winter Olympics in 1932. The 1980 Games marked the second time the small upstate New York

town had hosted the Winter Olympics.  The 1980 Olympic Winter Games in Lake Placid (USA): Roni the Racoon was chosen as the mascot.

Sarajevo,YugoslaviaFor the first time, an Olympic Games came to the Balkans. The Fourteenth Winter Olympics were held in 1984 in Sarajevo in Bosnia and Herzegovina, Yugoslavia. This was the first Winter

Olympics to be held in a socialist country. 1272 participants from 49 countries

competed in the 1984 Winter Summer Games . There were 49events in 6 sports in the fourteenth Winter Summer Games in 1984.   USSR won the highest number of medals with 25 medals in total ( 6gold,

10 silver, 9 bronze medals) Vučko the little wolf was the official mascot of the

1984 Winter Olympics in Sarajevo (Yugoslavia) present Bosnia-

Herzegovina. .

 Calgary, CanadaThe Fifteenth Winter Olympics: The

1988 Winter Olympics were held in Calgary, Alberta in Canada. 1423

participants from 57 countries competed in the 1988 Winter Summer Games with five countries making their debut in the Winter Olympics.   There were 46 events

in 6 sports in the fifteenth Winter Summer Games in 1988. USSR won the highest

number of medals with 29 medals in total ( 11 gold, 9 silver, 9 bronze medals) 

The Super G alpine skiing event for both men and women made its Olympic debut.Curling freestyle skiing, short track speed skating and Paralympic skiing were demonstration events.  Speed skating was held in an indoor rink for the first time and the Games were extended to 16 days. Hidy and Howdy were the official mascots of the 1988 Calgary Winter Games

.

 Albertville, FranceThe Sixteenth Winter

Olympics: The 1992 Winter Olympics were held in Albertville in France. They were the last Winter

Olympics to be held the same year as the Summer Olympics, and the first where the Winter Paralympics were

held at the same site.1801 participants from 64 countries competed in the 1992 Winter

Summer Games  There were 57 events in 7 sports in the sixteenth

Winter Summer Games in 1992. The mascot for the Games was a

mountain elf, Magique, in the shape of a star and in France's national

colours.

 Albertville, FranceLes XVIes Jeux olympiques d’hiver se sont déroulés en 1992 à Albertville, dans le département de la Savoie, en France. Les Jeux d’hiver organisés à Albertville en 1992 sont les derniers à avoir lieu la même année que les Jeux d’été. Seules 18 des 57 épreuves ont lieu à Albertville même. Les autres sont organisées dans des stations alentour. Jean-Claude Killy etait a l’origine de l’organisation des Jeux olympiques d’hiver en 1992. Le ski acrobatique, le patinage de

vitesse sur piste courte et le biathlon féminin deviennent des disciplines officielles. La Croatie et la Slovénie participent pour la première fois en tant que nations indépendantes. Le ski de vitesse, le curling et le ski acrobatique (épreuves de saut et de ballet) sont pour la dernière fois présents officiellement, comme sports de démonstration.

Athlètes 1 801 (488 femmes, 1 313, hommes).

Epreuves 57

Volontaires 8647

Média 5 894 (2 271 en presse écrite, 3 623 diffuseurs)

Pour la première fois depuis 1936, une équipe unifiée pour l'Allemagne participe aux Jeux comme nation indépendante.

 Albertville, France

Emblème: Médaille:

Affiche: Mascotte: Cérémonies. Albertville 8 février 1992.

Spectacle de danseurs et acrobates.

Ouverture officielle des Jeux par: Le Président de la République française François Mitterrand

Allumage de la vasque olympique par: Michel Platini (football), François-Cyrille Grange (garçon de Savoie)

Serment olympique par: Surya Bonaly (patinage artistique)

Serment officiel par: Pierre Bornat (ski alpin)

.

Lillehammer, NorwayThe 1994 Winter Olympics were held in

Lillehammer in Norway.The Games were the second hosted in Norway, and the second Winter Olympics in the Nordic Countries, after the 1952 Winter Olympics in Oslo. There were 61 events in

6 sports in the seventeenth Winter Summer Games in 1994. 14 countries made their debut in

the Winter Olympics, of which 9 were former Soviet republics. The Games also saw the

introduction of stricter qualifying rules. New events were two new distances in short track

speed skating and aerials, while speed skating was moved indoors. The games were

succeeded by the 1994 Paralympics from 10 to 19 March. At the Games in Lillehammer the

mascots were people for the first time: a boy and girl, Håkon and Kristin, brother and sister

from Norwegian folklore

Nagano, JapanThe 1998 Winter Olympics, officially known as the XVIII Olympic Winter Games, were a winter

multi-sport event which was celebrated in 1998 in Nagano, Japan. These Games marked

the return of the Winter Olympics to Japan since 1972, when the games were held in

Sapporo. 72 nations participated in the 1998 Winter Olympic Games. The nations

Azerbaijan, Kenya, FYR of Macedonia, Uruguay, and Venezuela participated in their first Winter

Olympic Games. The Games saw the introduction of women's ice

hockey, curling and snowboarding. National Hockey League players were allowed to

participate in the men's ice hockey.Four baby owls were the mascots of the 1998 Nagano

Winter Games. Named Sukki, Nokki, Lekki and Tsukki, the Snowlets represented the fire, wind, earth and water that make up life in the forest. Owlets who love the snow, the first two letters

of each name spell Snowlets.

SALT LAKE CITY,(THE USA) 

.

The Winter Olympic Games returned to the United States for the first time in

22 years. The Games were held in Salt lake City, USA, in 2002, between Feb

8-24. 77 Nations with 2399 participants competed in 78 events.

There are 41 men's events, 34 women's events, and 3 mixed events.For these Games the program grew to 78 events with the return of skeleton

and the introduction of women's bobsleigh. Skeleton returned as a

medal sport in the 2002 Games for the first time since 1948.

2002 was the first time with the Women's Bobsled Event. The mascots were a hare, a coyote and a bear with very specific national characteristics.

Their images were supposed to resemble the main sources of income of the city: powder, copper and coal. 

 Turin, ItalyThe 2006 Winter Olympics were held in Turin, the capital of the Piedmont region in Italy. The Winter Games returned to Italy after a 50-year absence. Unlike the1956 Games,

which were held in the small resort town of Cortina d’Ampezzo, the 2006

Games were hosted by Turin, an industrial city and provincial capital located in northwestern Italy. There

were 84 events in 7 sports. The sports were categorized into 15

disciplines. The Games were attended by approximately 2,600 athletes representing 80 countries. New

events included speed skating team pursuit, mass-start biathlon races, and snowboard cross. The snowball Neve and ice cube Gliz, mascots for the Turin Games, were aimed at a

young audience. Their main qualities included enthusiasm, passion for

sport and care for the environment.

 Turin, ItalyXX Juegos Olímpicos de Invierno se celebraron en Turín del 10 febrero-26 febrero, 2006. Esta era ya la segunda Juegos Olímpicos de Invierno en Italia, la primera celebrada en Cortina d'Ampezzo en 1956.

Fue construido 65 parques, estadios, creados

infraestructuras de transporte (en Turín, fue construido desde cero y los Juegos Olímpicos

abierto Metro), ciudad del deporte para atletas y periodistas. Gasto total en la construcción de 1,7 millones de euros.

Tomaron parte 2663 atletas (1.627 hombres, 1.006 mujeres) procedentes de 80 países, que se han enfrentado 84 juegos de medallas en 15 disciplinas.

Los símbolos oficiales de los Juegos Olímpicos de Invierno son dos figuras divertidas Neve y Gliz.

El emblema de los XX Juegos Olímpicos de Invierno desarrollado el diseño del estudio Benincasa-Husmann de Milán, ganó el concurso para diseñar el logotipo olímpico.

VANCOUVER, CANADAThe Winter Olympics

2010, officially known as the XXI Olympic Winter Games was held in

Vancouver, Canada . Held from February 12 to February 28, 2010

Winter Olympics was held for the first time organized in the province of

British Columbia, Canada.Canada hosted Olympic Games for the third time with this twenty-first

Winter Games.2600 athletes from 82 countries participated in the winter games. There were 86 events in 15 sports scheduled for the twenty-first

Winter Games in 2010. The 2010 Winter Games had a group of mascots: Quatchi and Miga for the

Olympic Games, and Sumi for the Paralympic Games.

SOCHI, RUSSIAThe 2014 Winter Olympics, officially

the XXII Olympic Winter Games, or the 22nd Winter Olympics, will be celebrated

from 7 to 23 February 2014,in Sochi, Russia, with some events held in the resort

town of Krasnaya Polyana. 98 events in 15 winter sports will be held. On 6 April 2011,

the IOC included a number of events into the official program of these Olympic

Games. The events include: Figure skating team event Women's ski jumping Mixed relay

biathlon Ski half-pipeTeam relay luge Ski  slopestyle Snowboard parallel special slalom

Snowboard slopestyle Both the Olympic and  Paralympic Games

are being organized by the Sochi Organizing Committee. Leopard, polar bear and hare were chosen mascots of the 2014 Sochi

Winter Olympics