History of the Jetpack

By Benjamin LISAN

http://jetpack.legazpi.biz/index.html

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0) Summary

1) Introduction2) The Dream time• Skylark Of Space 1920s• Paul Baumgartl Heliofly I (1941)(Austria)• Horace Pentecost, Hoppi-copter Strap-On (1945)• Fantacopter (1952)• Georges Sablier helicopters (1954)3) Gilbert W. Magill helicopters (1954)4) HILLER rotorcycle XROE-1 (1957)5) American Military 1950s – Pre-projects6) Bell Jetpack and avatars 1960s• Hiller VZ-1 (~1950)• Jetpack developed by Bell Textron for U.S. Army (1961)7) Le « Ludion » de Sud-Aviation (1967 - France) 8) Eugene Michael Gluharev helicopters (1960)9) Kamov Ka-56 « Osa » (1988 ?) 10) Solotrek XFV (2001-2002)11) Yves Rossy jet-powered wing and avatars 12) GEN-H4 (2000)13) Franz Schoeffman coaxial helicopter (Austria) (2005)14) Martin Jetpack (2008) (New-zeland) 16) Libelula Rocket Helicopter – TECA AERO MEX (Mexico) 18) Bibliography

History of the Jetpack

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19) Appendix: solutions which do not meet the criteria selected• Mosquito micro-helicopter (New-Zealand)• Ultrasport-254 kit helicopter (1994)• Furia, amateur construction helicopter• Airscooter II, coaxial personal helicopter (2004)

History of the Jetpack

http://dvice.com/archives/2006/07/jet-pack-the-rocketeer-takes-o.php Scène du film de James Bond, Thunderball (1965)

1) Introductionwho has not dreamed of flying like a bird, easily, without effort, as you can move from one point to another through the air? Even the middle of a city, a garden, a roof of a building, street by vertical takeoff? Easy to unpack (eg the trunk of a car or station wagon 4x4) and assemble and disassemble ? Many have dreamed of flying, light, easy to drive, with sufficient autonomy. To go to his office, and jump over the traffic jam. They were embodied in the form of a jetpack (a rocket-powered seat / reaction, by a helicopter jet engine ...), backpack or put in the back ... all these solutions have materialized man's obsession to fly almost unhindered. In this paper, we trace the history of this idea. Note: A light disposal (devices) such as paragliders and ultralight is unsuitable to takeoff anywhere. Thus these last two solutions are not the good key solution.

← Jetpack powered by 8 micro-jets or turbo-jets (?).

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History of the Jetpack

2) The Dream timeFor thousands of years people have dreamed of flying. For most of this time, the only term of reference was birds. Not surprisingly, myths and stories had us strapping wings or feathers to our arms and flapping! Source : http://martinjetpack.com/history.aspx

Leonardo Da Vinci Flying machines (dreams)Daedalus and Icarus myth

http://alicestrology.wordpress.com/2009/11/22/cazimi-daedalus-creation-and-loss

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History of the Jetpack

2) The Dream timeSkylark Of Space 1920s (de E. E. "Doc" Smith's, in Amazing Stories, pulp comic, August 1928)As the general public became more technically educated, the idea of strapping feathers to your arms was replaced by a rocket or jet strapped to your back. This concept was so appealing and persuasive that it has been ingrained in our collective psyche. Ask any 5-year old boy what a flying jetpack is and he will draw one! The “jetpack” first appeared in the science-fiction novel The Skylark of Space. Comic-book hero Buck Rogers soon adopted the contraption, and in 1928 it graced the cover of Amazing Stories. Source : http://martinjetpack.com/history.aspx

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History of the Jetpack

2) The Dream timePaul Baumgartl Heliofly I (1941)(Austria), powered by two 8 hp (6 kW) Argus As _ 8 piston engines each driving a single-blade of the contra-rotating rotors.Sources : Antony L. Kay "German Aircraft of the Second World War", 1972Nowarra, Heinz J.. Die Deutsche Luftruestung 1933-1945 - Vol.1 - AEG-Dornier. Bernard & Graefe Verlag. 1993. Koblenz. Source of pictures : www.aviastar.org/helicopters_eng/baumgartl_heliofly-357.php

Crew: 1Length: 6.10 m (20 ft 0 in)Main rotor diameter: 2× 6.10 m (20 ft 0 in)Empty weight: 35 kg (77 lb)Gross weight: 120 kg (265 lb)Powerplant: 1 × piston engine, 16 kW (12 hp)

Not enough powered !

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History of the Jetpack

2) The Dream timeHorace Pentecost, Hoppi-copter Strap-On (1945)This ultra-light individual helicopter had two co-axial contra-rotating two-bladed rotors powered by a small two-stroke horizon-tally opposed engine developing about 20 h.p.The body consisted of a tubular metal frame curved to fit over the pilot's shoulders and attached to the body by harness of the type employed in parachutes; the pilot's legs were used for landing.Some twenty hops were made with the use of safety cables attached to the pilot, but this strap-on helicopter ended its career at the Smithsonian Institution in Washingtonwww.aereimilitari.org/forum/topic/9021-aerei-curiosi/page__st__520 http://jackbrummet.blogspot.com/2009/08/strap-on-helicopter-division-seattles.html And Time Magazine, April 7th, 1947.

HOPPI-COPTER 2nd version , rear view

Not enough powered !

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History of the Jetpack

2) The Dream time – Fantacopter (1952)In an adventure of Spirou et Fantasio “Spirou et les héritier” ("Spirou and heirs“), published in 1952 at Dupuis, the Belgian cartoonist André Franquin, imagine a kind of portable autonomous helicopter called "Fantacoptère" double game counter-rotating blades (rotating opposite direction). It was just a figment of the imagination. The idea of vertical take-off can, in theory, to take-off-road, without using the airfield. 8

History of the JetpackMicro-helicopters and avatars2) The dream time - Georges Sablier helicopter (1954)

http://stingraysrotorforum.activeboard.com/t43730966/sablier-personal-helicopter

← www.unicopter.com/1764.html

Georges Sablier's one man strap-on helicopter won an award at the international helicopter show at St. Etienne, France in Sept. of 1954. It had a 6 hp motor, weighed about 60 lbs and [supposedly] was able to fly for 10 hrs at a top speed of 30 mph. [a website on the subject suggests that it probably never flew]. Source : http://www.care2.com/c2c/photos/view/43/100080464/My_hobby_pics/Personal%20copter.png.html

Translation from Spanish → :Once in the late thirties, we demonstrated the feasibility of the helicopter, there were those who saw the possibility of building small flying machines for personal use, as a backpack designed by curiosity, the French Georges Sablier. We do not know if it has flew.

A 6 hp motor is not enought powerfull.

http://stingraysrotorforum.activeboard.com/t43730966/sablier-personal-helicopter & www.ipernity.com/doc/57114/6779588

History of the JetpackMicro-helicopters and avatarsGeorges Sablier helicopters (1954)

A French Strap-On Helicopter by George Sablier. The "safety" helmet worn by the pilot is a First World War French infantry helmet. It is not known if this machine ever flew, but from the photograph it seems highly unlikely.

It lacks all three of the essential features of helicopters listed above. There also seems to be no means of dealing with the torque reaction which would make the wearer rotate in the opposite direction from the rotor. What can be said is that it is not shown in a flyable condition. Above the pilot's head is a set of pulleys apparently intended to make the ratio between engine and rotor rpm adjustable; however, there is no belt on the pulleys. Source : http://www.aqpl43.dsl.pipex.com/MUSEUM/TRANSPORT/personalheli/personalheli.htm

History of the JetpackMicro-helicopters and avatars3) Gilbert W. Magill helicopters (1954)

The World's First Rocket Helicopter In 1954 an American inventor named Gilbert W. Magill of Glendale California designed and built the HR-1, a "mini" portable helicopter, at the tip of the rotor blades a hydrogen peroxide rocket engine impulse the rotor, this helicopter was better known as the "Pinwheel".Magill made his helicopter portable in a carrying box which was a success that flew incredibly well and had a fantastic performance for its size, with a maximum speed of 161 km / h (100 mph), a ceiling of 4570 meters (14.993 feet) and a range of 32 km (20 miles) with two tanks with a total of 20 liters of hydrogen peroxide 90% ea. This small helicopter still holds the world´s record speed of vertical climb rate.

Pilot Bob Farmer with the original version of Magill portable helicopter or "landing gear legs" version.

Source : www.tecaeromex.com/ingles/libe-i.htm

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History of the JetpackMicro-helicopters and avatarsGilbert W. Magill helicopters (~1954)

Source : www.tecaeromex.com/ingles/libe-i.htm

Later Magill built the second version by contract with the U.S. Navy's with larger peroxide tanks and a tripod landing gear that could take off standing on legs, this is the model flown in this video.

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History of the Jetpack4) HILLER rotorcycle XROE-1 (1957)

Program stopped because: 1) the formation of a helicopter pilot was as long and expensive on a small helicopter on a large, 2) The driver of Hiller, a 2-strokes 45 hp Nelson 4-cylinder boxer, had a low reliability.

We can see one exemplary of XR03 in San Carlos Museum (California) (see next page) : http://www.nasm.si.edu/research/aero/aircraft/hiller_yroe.htmThe XR 03, new version is fully foldable and is in the back of a Jeep. The legs fold up along the fuselage while the blades, paddles and tail boom are folded down. It is powered by a Rotax 503 (52 hp, at 6800 r / min) with a suitable reducing, made by a subcontractor to Dassault, in Toulouse. For Michel Roland, his driver and owner, Hiller XR 03 is easier to pilot than the Robinson R22.No marketing will, for the new Rotax powered version of the XR03. Source : Vol Moteur, N° 102, oct 1994http://users.skynet.be/fa401913/vol_moteur.htm

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History of the JetpackHILLER rotorcycle XROE-1 (1957)

Hiller Rotorcycle XROE-1, San Carlos Museum, California,www.flickr.com/photos/9477202@N06/658592872/in/photostream

In Les Ailes, N° 1677 du 19 avril, N°1679 du 03 mai 1958

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History of the JetpackHILLER rotorcycle XROE-1 (1957)

Hiller Rotorcycle XROE-1, San Carlos Museum, California,http://zeeoo.free.fr/forum/forum_2.php?msg=6715

5) American Military 1950s – Pre-projectsThe first serious attempts to build a Jetpack were instigated by the U.S. military in the 1950s. The idea was to build the ultimate "all terrain vehicle" to move military commanders around a battlefield. Source : http://martinjetpack.com/history.aspx

History of the Jetpack

www.uncleodiescollectibles.com/html_lib/lis/00041.html

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Jetpack developed by Bell Textron for U.S. Army (1961)The Jetpack was developed for the U.S. Army by Bell Textron Laboratories in 1961. The high-pressure gas of nitrogen dioxide was released from the nozzles to give a powerful rocket propulsion, but without combustion. It could be a person over the obstacles of 9 meters, at speeds of 11-16km / h. Its flying time is 30 seconds. Nitrous oxide was chosen as the safest fuel for personal use, because no combustion was taking place, just the expulsion of pressurized gas peroxide. The pilot was wearing a corset fiberglass, adjusted for safety. The unit is very light, but its flight range is very low, less than a minute on average 30 s (it is also expensive). Source : http://www.flying-contraptions.com/history.html In 1969 Bell tried to build a version turbojet (jet engines), whose autonomy was almost 5 minutes.

History of the Jetpack

Rocket Bell 1961

6) Bell Jetpack and avatars 1960s

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6) Bell Jetpack and avatars 1960s

History of the Jetpack

Ed Clark/Time Life Pictures/Getty ImagesA rocket belt demonstration at Fort Bragg.

TAM ROCKET BELT MODEL JET PACK H202

More than 60 mph TOP SPEED 70 mph

30 seconds FLIGHT TIME 33 seconds

$250,000 PRICE $155,000

http://www.popularmechanics.com/technology/aviation/diy-flying/4217989

http://tesla3.com/general/f_transport_jetpack.html

Autonomy : ~ 30 s max ! 18

6) Jetpack and avatars 1960s

History of the Jetpack

The Hiller Aviation Museum in San Carlos, California is hosting a Jetpack Show!www.blogadilla.com/2008/09/06/jetpack-show

Pic. found at: Aerodium.ca, Aerodium Canada inc.http://wikiality.wikia.com/File:Jetpack.gif

http://blog.squarelight.com/technology/jet-pack-show

Stability problems !

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6) Jetpack and avatars 1960s

History of the Jetpack

Jet Pack International's T-73 Jet Pack August 31, 2007

www.jetpackinternational.com &http://uk.cars.ign.com/objects/960/960591.html

Hiller VZ-1 (~1950) - Stability problems This machine, called the VZ-1 "Pawnee" was very easy to handle. Also, the USAF decided she to test it as a platform shooting. The results of these trials were disappointing because every time the pilot made the slightest movement, the center of gravity was moving and the flying device was moving.http://forum.aviation-ancienne.fr/t1330-ventilateur-plate-forme-jeep-volante-avrocar-aerodyne 20

History of the Jetpack

7) Le « Ludion » de Sud-Aviation (1967 - France) In 1967, the company Sud-Aviation and SNECMA have the Ludion, other equipment and autonomous individual with a SEPR rocket engine. It was a cumbersome and costly demonstration that nobody cares. 64 flights Ludion (while credits) were made in 1968, including five free flights without any hindrance. His best performance: a path of 190 meters in 32 seconds, facing a wind of two nodes, representing no wind 520 meters distance to 59 km / h. Its purpose to allow infantry to cross rivers easily and ditches with a payload. But considered eccentric by many, it was abandoned. Source : http://www.museesafran.comHis best performance: a path of 190 meters in 32 seconds, facing a wind of two nodes, representing no wind at 520 meters distance 59 km / h. Weight: ~ 90 kg

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History of the JetpackMicro-helicopters and avatars8) Eugene Michael Gluharev helicopters (1960)

Source : www.tecaeromex.com/ingles/libe-i.htm

In the 60's came Eugene Gluhareff with an idea of jet engines mounted on the tip of the rotor blade and he built his first version of the MEG-1X which had a single blade and a counterweight on the other side, this design proved to be very stable.Later he decided to use two blades and larger engines and the MEG-2X was built.This version was able to fly but the problem was that this engines had to be very light in thickness to save weight and they operate at extreme temperature, in fact they glow orange when they work so it was too heavy and centrifugal force and high temperature caused them to deform and in one test the tail of one of the jets flew away.

Gluhareff with his MEG-1X(jet propulsion, at the end of the blades, with peroxyd)

Eugene Gluhareff flying hands off his MEG-2X22

History of the JetpackMicro-helicopters and avatars

www.aviastar.org/helicopters_eng/gluharev_emg-300.php www.gluhareffhelicopters.com One man Backpack helicopter Powered by G8-2 Pressure Jet Engine invented by Eugene Gluhareff, www.youtube.com/watch?v=s0DY4Qe14A4

8) Eugene Michael Gluharev EMG-300 helicopter, 1992

Blades were propulsed by jet gaz as the Djin Helicopter.E. Gluharev dead in 1994 before seeing his effort succeed.

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History of the JetpackMicro-helicopters and avatars

9) Kamov Ka-56 « Osa » (1988 ?)

Crew: 1, take-off weight: 220kg, payload: 110kg, max. speed: 110kph, max. ceiling: 1700m, max. range: 120km 24

History of the JetpackKamov Ka-56 (1988 ?)

1) The Russian Navy wanted to pull the helicopter out of a submarine’s torpedo tube so the helicopter could be transported in a cylinder container of 533 mm diameter.2) 15 minutes was the assembling time (the only parts which were detachable from the helicopter for transportation were 4 main rotor blades. All other parts were easily folded. MR blades were attached by single shift each).3) Power-plant was 40 hp air-cooled rotary engine which burned the auto-fuel.Ka-56 should have never been piloted (?). 1st studies in 1972. Source : http://airbase.ru/alpha/rus/k/ka/56/ & http://twistairclub.narod.ru/ka56/indexengl.htm www.zvlastnezbrane.estranky.sk/clanky/lietadla-a-ina-letecka-technika/kamov-ka-56 www.aviastar.org/helicopters_eng/ka-56.php http://jalopnik.com/5602424/the-soviet-torpedo+sized-one+man-helicopter

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10) Solotrek XFV (2001-2002)

History of the Jetpack

Takeoff/Landing Distance : 0 (VTOL)Maximum speed : 70 MhpRange : 120+ MilesHover/Lofter Endurance : 2+ HoursEngine Type : Advanced Int. CombustionFuel Requirements : Heavy-fuel of Gasoline.

www.autocentre.ua/ac/02/06/images/01/news_1.jpg http://eurekaweb.free.fr/td3-solotrek.htmSolotrek XFV (Trek Aerospace Inc.), www.trekaero.com

Specification and predicted performance (sea level;std. day)Normal gross take off weight : 88 Lbs.Fuel (15 U.S. Galons) : 98 Lbs.Mission Payload, net of fuel : 352 Lbs.Empty Weight : 350 Lbs; ~ 160 kg. This project have stoped because lack of fund. Source : http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SoloTrek_XFV 26

History of the Jetpack

FABRICE COFFRINI/AFP/Getty ImagesYves Rossy flies his jet-powered winged suit over the Alps in 2008.http://science.howstuffworks.com/transport/engines-equipment/jet-pack2.htm

http://www.espritcritik.fr/article-revolution-de-nos-deplacement-segway-cam-am-spyder-power-sky-jetboard-powerstrider--41956163.html

http://pleasedonotspinthemoon.blogspot.com/2009/01/theres-your-damn-jetpack-now-quit-your.html

11) Yves Rossy jet-powered wing and avatars

www.nickcarnes.com/2009/03/ive-got-my-wings-on

Dangerous and stability problems !! Experimental.

You cannot take off from everywere !

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http://thefutureofthings.com/pod/1113/gen-h-4-personal-helicopter.html

Autonomy: 1 hour, with 5 gallons (18.9 liters / hour) for a pilot of about 70 kg (155 lbs.). Curb Weight: 63 kg (140 lbs.) Maximum speed: 55 mph (~ 85-90 km / h) Set Height: 2.4 m (8ft) Rotor diameter: 4 m (12ft), speed of the rotor during normal operations; 800-900 rpm Composition of the rotor blades: composite carbon / Kevlar (CFRP composite). Materials from the rest of the machine: aluminum tubes (to absorb shock), magnesium reservoir. Maximum weight: 171 kg (380lbs) (permits a driver to 86 kg (190 lbs) to fly). Autorotation is impossible (!), Estimated Maximum altitude: 3,000 m (10,000 ft), VNE: 200 km / h (120 mph), TBO: 500 hours. Number of revolutions / min for each engine, in normal flight: 7000 rpm to 8000 rpm, electric start. Checking the "yaw" It is controlled through a differential gear included in the transmission.

Price in Japan: U.S. $ 35,000. (3.780.000 yen), a kit for 50 h. Price in USA : 30 000 $ (sold by AceCraft USA)Engines: 4 x 2-cylinder boxer engine, 125 cm3 (GEN-125). Maximum power of each engine: 10hp at 8500 rpm. Maximum cutting: 0.86 kgm / 6.500 rpm, Fuel 2 time (30: 1) Weight of each motor: 2.8kg (6.2 lb). Dimensions of each engine: 203.5mm x 280mm x 160mm. Direction of rotation: counterclockwise-clockwise.

Gen H-4 personal helicopterwww.flickr.com/photos/maisonbisson/56958280

www.koreus.com/video/helicoptere-personnel.htmlSecure ? Gravity center ?

GEN-H4 works !

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History of the Jetpack12) GEN-H4 (2000)

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History of the Jetpack12) GEN-H4 (2000)

Address : GEN CORPORATION (Engineering System Co.), 5652-83 SASAGA, MATSUMOTO-shi, NAGANO-ken, JAPAN  399-0033. E-mail : aviation@gen-corp.jp , Site : http://www.engineeringsystem.co.jpUSA : ACE CRAFT, Richard Plummer, Dealer email: rcplummer@iglide.net , Jon Plummer, Pilot email: plummer@byu.edu http://www.acecraftusa.com/

Complex mechanism !One clutch per engine (four engines).

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History of the JetpackMicro-helicopters and avatars (2005)13) Franz Schoeffman coaxial helicopter (Austria) (2005)The rotors are two sets of composite Ivoprops (one set reversed pitch).Craft weights : 35 kilograms.

www.unicopter.com/1764.html ↑

No information avalable on this helicopter. Problem of power and stability visible on the videos :This inventor, aged of 74 years old, in 2005, do not sale his invention. Vidéos avalable on this coaxial personal helicopter : www.dailymotion.com/video/x3pj1w_helicoptere-personnel_extreme www.lemondeavance.com/lemonde_Helicoptere-personnel-Je-veux-le-meme-870.htm http://uk.groups.yahoo.com/group/Back-Pack-Helicopter/message/1893 . (His possible email (?) : franz_schoeffmann@aon.at (?))http://www.rotaryforum.com/forum/showthread.php?t=22639 .

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↑ www.rotaryforum.com/forum/showthread.php?t=22639

History of the JetpackMicro-helicopters and avatars (2005)Franz Schoeffman coaxial helicopter (2005)The engine is a Rotax that has been modified for go-cart racing. It delivers 28 hp and weighs 22 kilograms. It is reliable for 15-30 minutes.. No safe ! : 1) No autorotation capability. 2) no way to fit a ballistic parachute.

31An equivalent coax helicopter, the SA4H, is proposed at this address : SWING-AVI personal coaxial helicopter Kits, PO BOX 1223 PATRAS, GREECE 26001, TEL/FAX: +30 2610 432597, swingavi@gmail.com, www.pra13.org/newsletters/wash5-0210.PDF

14) Martin Jetpack (2008) (New-zeland)

Constructed from carbon fiber composite, the Martin Jetpack weighs 250 lbs _ 113 kg _ (excluding safety equipment as parachute …) and is 5 ft high by 5.5 ft wide by 5 ft long. Gizmag reports it's driven by a 2.0 L V4 2 stroke engine rated at 200 hp (150 kw) and two 1.7 ft wide rotors made from carbon/Kevlar composite. It runs on regular gasoline, can reach heights of 8,000 ft and has a maximum flight time of 30 minutes. Burn 10.5 GPH, fly at a max of 61 MPH and has a 31.5 mile range.Martin Aircraft says that as sales and production volume increase they expect the $86,000 => $100,000 to drop to the price of a mid-range car. Safety equipment : The Martin Jetpack’s extensive safety features include a rapid deploying parachute, roll cage structure and shock absorbing undercarriage.Source : http://martinjetpack.com

History of the Jetpack

Martin Jetpack works.~ Safe but expensive.

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History of the Jetpack14) Martin Jetpack 2008 (New-zeland)

Height 5 ft (1,52 m)Width 5.5 ft (1,67 m)Length 5 ft (1,52 m) / Volume : 3,858368 m2 or 3858 L ( volume of the trunk of a hummer : 2450 L)Structure Carbon fibre compositeEmpty weight 250 lbs (excluding safety equipment) (113 kg)Gross weight 535 lbsUseful (Pilot) Load 280 lbs+

Maximum thrust 600 lbs+

Fuel Capacity 5 US gallons (as required by FAA Part 103,Ultralight Regulations)Fuel burn 10.0 gphEngine Martin Aircraft 2.0 L V4 2 stroke, rated at 200 hp (150 kw). Max 6000 rpm.

Electrical system 12 V DC Battery, starter, 360 w alternator.Rotor Carbon / Kevlar composite diameter 1.7 ftMax 7058 rpmRange 31.5 miles (at max speed of 63 mph as required by FAA part 103).

Hover in ground effect 8000 ft (estimated)

Hover above ground effect 8000 ft (estimated)

Standard Equipment

Flight and Engine displaysHarnessBallistic ParachuteRetractable undercarriageEnergy absorbing undercarriage.

Classification Meets the requirements of the FAA Part 103, Ultralight Regulations

Pilot License The Ultralight class does not require an FAA recognised pilots license.

Martin Jetpack Specifications http://martinjetpack.com/technical-information.aspx

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History of the Jetpack14) Martin Jetpack 2008 (New-zeland) - Key Partners

Source : http://martinjetpack.com/key-partners.aspx

Dynamic Composites www.dynamic-composites.co.nz

SRD Titanium www.srdtitanium.com

No.8 Ventures www.no8ventures.co.nz

Air New Zealand www.airnewzealand.co.nz

Ballistic Recovery Systems www.brsparachutes.com

Formworks Design www.formworks.co.nz

Infinity Aerospace www.infinityaerospace.com

University of Canterbury, New Zealand www.mech.canterbury.ac.nz

Intercad www.intercad.co.nz

SolidWorks www.solidworks.com

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History of the Jetpack14) Martin Jetpack 2008 (New-zeland)

Advantages :Safety10 key partners

Disadvantages•Autonomy : less than < 30 mn.•Difficulties to translocate the Martin jetpack with a personal break car.•Weight with fuel : more > 160 kg => difficult to move / to displace with only one person. •High cost with all the equipments (safety equipments etc.) : ~ US$ 100.000Þ reserved for the rich and the military.Þ Perhaps, possible future military use.

volume of the trunk of a hummer: 2450 LMust be transported on the truck or the transmission range

of a van

Center of Mass

Center of Pressure

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History of the Jetpack16) Libelula Rocket Helicopter – TECA AERO MEX (Mexico)

Project of jet propulsion with peroxyde.

What it is written on the web site of TECA AERO MEX society : This project is not fiction, is based on the same technology we use in larger rocket helicopters and Rocket Belts technology and this will be used to produce the "Libelula" a portable helicopter easier and safer to fly. The best of this technology is that this type of helicopter don´t need a tail rotor because they have no torque, the impulse is directly to the tip of the blade rotor so this don't produce any counter rotational reaction and a small rudder is all you need to steer, being the simplest form of Helicopter and the safest because 86% of helicopter accidents are due to tail rotor failure in most cases fatal in addition to this, its flight is much more stable. Using modern aerospace materials like carbon fiber, Kevlar, titanium and aluminum can reduce the weight and it can be lighter than the Magill Pinwheel helicopter that show very nice performance, stability and safety and this is a fact because the three prototypes from Magill still are intact at Swiss Copter showing that none was damaged in any accident..Source : www.tecaeromex.com/ingles/libe-i.htm

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History of the Jetpack18) Bibliography

http://io9.com/5073639/i-dream-of-jetpacks--mac-montandon-bears-all

Jetpack Dreams: One Man’s Up and Down (But Mostly Down) Search for the Greatest Invention That Never Was, Author: Mac Montandon, Publisher: Da Capo, 2008

Web sites in English : http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jet_pack http://www.jetpackinternational.com http://martinjetpack.com Jet Man Yves Rossy : http://www.fusionman.ch/prod/index.html/?page_id=24 Uncle Odies Jet pack photo gallery (a wonderfull jetpack pictures collection) :http://www.uncleodiescollectibles.com/html_lib/lis/00040.html http://www.uncleodiescollectibles.com/html_lib/lis/00041.html

Web sites in French : http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%A9acteur_dorsal http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rocketbelt

Ultra-light (one seat) helicopters kits and spare parts :www.vortechonline.com/kits www.vortechonline.com/engines site on homebuilt helicopters : www.prismz.com/helio http://www.ultralightmarket.com/results.asp?view=Gruppe&Gruppe=24 http://ultralight-airplanes.info/How-To-Obtain-Ultralight-Helicopter-Kits-And-Plans.html

Ultra-light helicopters pictures :http://zeeoo.free.fr/forum/forum_2.php?msg=6715 37

History of the Jetpack19) Appendix: solutions which do not meet the criteria selected

Mosquito micro-helicopter (New-Zealand) (°)This helicopter, cheap (<$ 30,000 U.S. All taxes included) is not removable and foldable so it can be stowed in the trunk of a break car.

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(°) The price of the kit Mosquito Ultralight Helicopter AIR, full is: € 26,800 tax not included; including, the "kit rapid manufacturing", the MZ-202 engine, instruments, rotors, tank option "Large capacity".MOSQUITO AVIATION, Blair Hollands, Po Box 439, Kumeu, 0841, Auckland, New Zealand, Web Site: www.mosquito.net.nz, Email: info@mosquito.net.nz, Phone: +64 (0)21 2994122

History of the Jetpack19) Appendix: solutions which do not meet the criteria selected

Ultrasport-254 kit helicopter (1994)Specifications :

Top Speed, mph 63 (101,39 km/h)Cruise, mph 63Range S.M 70Stall, mph naRate of Climb, fpm 1000Take Off Distance, ft 0Landing Distance, ft 0Service Ceiling , ft --HP/HP Range 55Fuel Capacity, gal 5 (19 l)Empty/dry Weight, lbs 252 (115 kg).Gross Weight, lbs 525 (239 kg).Useful load : 273 lbs (124 kg).Height, ft 7.5 (2.2 m)Length, ft 16.7 (5.8 m)Engines: HIRTH 2706 65 hp (or HIRTH 2703 55 hp).Main Rotor Diameter: 21 ft. (6.4 m)Tail Rotor Diameter: 2.6 ft (79 cm / 0,79 m)Drive System: 12:1 PlanetaryEndurance: 1.25 h.Wing Span, ft 21Wing Area, sq.ft --Number of Seats 1Landing Gear type skidsBuilding Materials CBuilding Time, Man Hours 60Number of Completed & Flown 1Information Package $$5Plans Cost $noneKit Cost $33900Certified : FAA ultralight regulations FAR Part 103.

American Sportscopter International, Inc., 11712 Jefferson Ave Unit #C228, Newport News VA, 23606, USA, Phone: 757-872-8778, email : assi@visi.net, www.ultrasport.rotor.com (restricted use).

Sources : http://www.airsport.com/homebuilt4.ihtml?id=53&cid=16 www.freqofnature.com/photos/cma2002/index.html www.ultralightflyer.com/americansportcopter & www.aviastar.org/helicopters_eng/ultra-254.php 39

History of the Jetpack19) Appendix: solutions which do not meet the criteria selected

Furia, amateur construction helicopter(°)Furia Helicopter e-Plans $49.95, www.plansdelivery.com & www.plansdelivery.com/furia.htm#(short free plans : www.sfu.ca/~jst4/plans/docs/misc/Ultralight%20Furia%20Helicopter%20Plans.pdf ).

Main Rotor Diameter: 19 ft.Tail Rotor Diameter: 3.6 ft.Height: 6.9 ft.Length: 12.5 ft.Max Gross Weight: 700 lbs.Empty Weight: 325 lbs.Payload (with full fuel) : 350 lbs.Fuel capacity: 8 gal.Seats: 1Range: 80 sm.Take Off Distance: 0 ft.Landing Distance: 0 ft.Vmax.: 95 mph (max. allowable speed level, flight sea level std. day)Vcr: 70 mphClimb Rate @ msl: 1100 fpm.Service Ceiling: 12500 ft.Engine: Rotax 65 hp.

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Potential danger of amateur construction

History of the Jetpack19) Appendix: solutions which do not meet the criteria selected

Airscooter II, coaxial personal helicopter (2004)AirScooter II Specifications

Markets : Recreational Personal Air Vehicule Government and MilitaryUses : Recreation Search and Rescue SurveillanceDimensions : Height ... 11' (3,35 m) Wigth ... 7' (2,13 m) Length ... 12,5' (3,81 m)Rotor Blades: 14' Composite Coaxial (4,2 m). Four Rotor DesignAir Frame : Composite Torque I-BoxSpeed : Minimum ... Hover Maxmmum ... 55 Knot (100 km/h)Empty Weight: ~254 lbs (115.2 kg) (i.e. Curb Weight).Useful Load : Approximately 250 lbs (113 kg).Features : Coaxial Stability No Tail Rotor Floats for Cushioned Landing and WaterPower System: Aero Twin Four-stoke 65 HP Aerobatic Engine with Quiet Belt Drive ReductionPower weight: 95 lbs (43 kg)Endurance : 5 Gallon (19 L) (Approximately 2 hours). Price : < US$50.000Although its operating ceiling is around 10,000 ft (2 700 m), the AirScooter II is incapable of autorotation emergency descent, and is intended for recreational flying at low altitude, ie, at or below 50 ft (15 m) above ground level (AGL).

Sources : www.airscooter.com/pages/airscooter_specs.htm http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AirScooter_Corporation In French : www.jeunes-ailes.org/t3182-airscooter-2 41

History of the Jetpack19) Appendix: solutions which do not meet the criteria selectedSkylar, Choppy, G-1, Kestrel, kit & 1 seat helicopters(°)SKYLARFeatures:• Full Standard helicopter.• All-alu. main- & tail-rotor blades• Aircraft-grade steel & aluminum airframe & major components, plus all AN hardware• Full instrumentationSpecs :Height 7 ftLength 17-1/2 ftEmpty Weight 350 lbsGross Weight 725 lbsPayload Weight 375 lbsMain Rotor Diameter 19 ftTail Rotor Diameter 3-1/2 ftEngine Rotax 582Horsepower 65Power Loading (lbs/h.p.) 10.8Disc Loading (lbs/sq ft) 2.5Maximum Speed 95 mphCruise Speed 70 mphRate Of Climb 1,000 fpmMaximum Altitude 12,500 ftPrice : Assembled & Tested : $45,500www.vortechonline.com/skylark

CHOPPY (1950 et after)Configuration: Bolted aluminum-tube airframe. CONTROL: Main rotor: full cyclic and collective pitch, incorporating a swash plate system. Tail rotor pitch: bellcrank operated. Autorotation accomplished by manual-disengagement lever at cyclic stick. POWER PLANT (Prototype): Any engine of 450cc to 1100cc, or 45 hp. consumption approximately 4.2 gals. (U.S.) per hour at sea level. Specs:Height 6 ftLength 15 ftEmpty Weight 300+ lbs*Gross Weight 600 lbs**Payload Weight 300 lbsMain Rotor Diameter 21½ ftTail Rotor Diameter 3½ ftPower Loading (lbs/h.p.) 11.5Disc Loading (lbs/sq ft) 1.8Maximum Speed 85 mphCruise Speed 65 mphRate Of Climb 950 fpmMaximum Altitude 8500 ftPrice : Assembled & Tested : $45,500www.vortechonline.com/choppy

G-1 or Kestrel (Jet-powered) General Features:• Easy, low-cost construction • Takes off and lands vertically • Requires no license (ultralight) • Can be stored anywhere Spec:Length: 12 ftWidth: 5.7 ftHeight: 5½ ftMain rotor diameter: 12 ftTail rotor diameter: 2 ftEmpty weight: 150 lbsGross weight: 420 lbsUseful payload: 270 lbsEngine (typical): Kawasaki/Rotax, 40+ hpFuel capacity: 5 galsFuel consumption: 4 gals/hourSpeed (max.): 80 mphAltitude (max.): 10,000 ft asiPrice : Kestrel Jet Helicopter—Fully Assembled & Tested : $26,500www.vortechonline.com/g1

A/W 95, latest update of the ChoppyFeatures :• Full helicopter• Easy, low-cost assembly• Built from widely available materials• Uses Rotax 503 engine (or equiv.)

Specs : Empty weight: 272 lbs* (123 kilos) Gross weight: 497 lbs** (222 kilos) Useful load: 225 lbs** (102 kilos) Main rotor chord: 7" (17.78 cm) Main rotor diameter: 19.5' (5.94 m) Tail rotor diameter: 3'4" (102 cm) Height: 6'5" (196 cm) Length: 15' (4.57 m) Width: 5.75' (175 cm) Cruise speed: 60 mph (97 kph) Horsepower range: 50 - 75** Engine: Rotax 503 (or equiv.)** Engine RPM: 6200 - 6500 Main / tail rotor RPM: 435-450 / 2800 Flight time (5 gal fuel): 1 hour±Max altitude: about 10,500 ft www.vortechonline.com/aw95

Kestrel

History of the Jetpack19) Appendix: solutions which do not meet the criteria selected

Lonestar (Redback aviation)Specs :Engine Rotax 582 ULPower 64 hp (46 kw)Gross weight 680 lbs (310 kg)Empty weight 420 lbs (190 kg)Useful load (pilot & fuel) 260 lbs (120 kg)Fuel capacity (seat tank) 8.3 gal (31.5 lt)Fuel weight (seat tank) 51 lbs (23 kg)Fuel consumption at cruise (4.8 gal/hr (18.2 lt/hr) Rate of climb 600 ft/min (180 m/min)Service ceiling 9000 ft (2740 m) Hover in ground effect (HIGE) 5500 ft (1675 m) Hover out of ground effect (HOGE) 4500 ft (1370 m) Range at cruise 105 miles (170 kms) Flight duration 1.7 hrsRange at cruise with auxillary tanks 235 miles (375 kms) Flight duration with auxillary tanks 3.9 hrsCruise airspeed 60 mph (96 kmph) Maximum airspeed 85 mph (135 kmph) Velocity limit (VNE) 100 mph (160 kmph)Main rotor diameter 20.0 ft 6.10 (m) Tail rotor diameter 3 ft 6 inches (1.07 m) Length - nose of skid to tail 13.5 ft (4.09 m) Width - at skids 5.0 ft (1.52 m) Height - overall 7 ft 4 inches (2.23 m) Height - overall for garage storage 6 ft 9 inches (2.05 m)www.redbackaviation.com

CH7 HelicopterSt.da Traforo del Pino 102, 10132 TORINO Italy,Tel: +39 011 899.67.30, Fax: +39 011 899.5550, kompress@ch7.ithttp://www.ch-7helicopter.com/ita/home.htm

Helicycle Helicopter,tel : 208-461-2567Eagle Research & Development, 2321 Hemingway Blvd, Nampa, Idaho USA,Office & Fax: 208-466-4120, Factory: 208-461-2567www.helicycle.com

MAMBA AIR (CZ) www.mamba-air.cz

Mamba Air CH7

History of the Jetpack

That’s all folk !

To contact the author of this document:Benjamin.lisan@free.fr

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