SHORT HISTORY OF MUSIC LISTENING.

PHONOGRAPH: The �rst device able to record and reproduce the recorded sound, invented by Thomas Edison in 1877.PHONOGRAPH CYLINDERS: The �rst commercial medium for recording and reproducing sound. "Records", used until 1928, were cylinder shaped objects with an audio recording engraved on the outside, reproduced on a phonograph.

GRAMOPHONE: In 1888 E. Berliner invented a simpler way to record sound by using discs, played on a gramophone created with the support of Eldridge R. Johnson, who solved the turntable speed steadiness problem with a clock-work spring-wound motor. VINYL RECORD: Vinyl or gramophone record is analogue sound storage, a �at polyvinyl chloride disc with an inscribed, modulated spiral groove; it dominated music reproduction until the late 1980s.

RADIO: The theory of electromagnetism and the experiments conducted by brilliant minds such as Faraday, Hertz, Tesla and Marconi led to the creation of radio. In 1906 Fessenden made the �rst long-range voice transmission, but the overall popularity came in 1933 with the FM (frequency modulation) broadcasting pioneered by E.H. Armstrong. Today there are around 44 000 radio stations worldwide.

CASSETTE PLAYER: Introduced in the mid-1960s, it evolved from portable desktop cassette recorder with "piano key" controls (symbols play and stop became a standard), the 1980s radio-cassette players, called the boom box, up until the modern Hi-Fi systems. WALKMAN: Sony Walkman, the �rst personal portable cassette player, introduced in 1979, profoundly changed the listening habits: the music became mobile. It sold more than 200 million units and had more than 300 di�erent models, including Discman and Mp3 player.

AUDIO CASSETTE: A magnetic tape recording format for audio recording and playback originally designed for dictation machines. The modern tape was invented by Philips in 1962, with the peak of its popularity between 1970s and the late 1990s.

COMPACT DISC: CD is a digital optical disc data storage format, that can hold up to 80 minutes of uncompressed audio or 737 MB, in a standard version. By 2007 around 200 billion CDs were sold worldwide, but soon after followed the rapid decline due to the other forms of digital distribution and storage.

DIGITAL AUDIO PLAYER: Digital audio players support a variety of formats but are usually sold as MP3 players. Launched in the late 1990s, they had small internal memory of 4MB, but they evolved very quickly, up until the launch of Apple iPod in 2001 with 5 GB hard-drive, that became one of the most successful music gadgets of all time.

MOBILE PHONES: From Samsung SPH-M2100, the �rst mobile phone with built-in MP3 players, to iPhone and Samsung Galaxy, the music has become mobile, whether transferred on the device or through the radio, which are today the essential features of all smartphones.

TOP MUSIC APP.TUNEIN: 70 000 radio stations, from local to global ones, that you can browse by location, genre, category or podcast.SPOTIFY: A premium app that lets you sync songs, albums and playlists for o�ine playback, also great for discovering new music based on recommendations.SOUNDTRACKER: Play millions of free tracks and discover what people that are nearby you listen in real-time.

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