A history of JerusalemFrom the days of Abraham to the present

Rafael (Rafi) Plotnik - Mechanical Eng.

History fan - Licensed tour guide in Israel

rafiplotnik@gmail.com

Where is

Israel

located

Jerusalem is the holiest place for the Jewish people.

In the center of it stands the Moria Mount where

the foundation stone is located.

The world was created from the foundation stone.

Abraham Era

considered to be

around 1800 BC.

Genesis Chapter 22

God Tested Abraham and

ordered him to offer his son

Isaac as a sacrifice on Moria

mount.

The name Jerusalem

Genesis Chapter 22 verse 14

• And (after the binding of Isaac) Abraham

called the name of that place Adonai-jireh

(God will see); as it is said to this day: 'In the (God will see); as it is said to this day: 'In the

mount where the LORD is seen.‘

• Shalem was the Canaanite name of Jerusalem,

and means “whole” and “peace”.

Jireh + Shalem = Jerusalem

Tyropoeon

Valley

Jaffa Gate

Damascus

Gate

Gethsemane

The wailing

wall - Kotel

Gehenna

Valley

Valley of

Josaphat

Jaffa Gate

Geography

Of Jerusalem

Jerusalem in the Canaanite periodKing David conquered Jerusalem in 1000 BC

The Temple Mount

Pool of

Siloam

Gihon

Spring

Jebus

City of

David

Jerusalem during King Solomon period 970BC

City of

David

City of

David

today

City of

David

Gihon

Spring

9

Pool of

Siloam

-http://www.jerusalem

10745page_id=love.co.il/?

Jerusalem during King

Hezekiah period 705 BC

• Sennacherib the

Assyrian Invaded

Judea In 720BC.

• King Hezekiah

prepared Jerusalem

for a siege.

• He stored food, Built • He stored food, Built

a wall around the

Western hill and dug

an underground

aqueduct.

• Sennacherib put a

Siege on Jerusalem

in 705 BC

Mount Zion

Western Hill

Northern Tower

Remnant from the

Northern part of

Hezekia wall and

Tower were found in

the Jewish Quarter in

old Jerusalem

11

The Northern wall in the Jewish

Quarter

Hezekiah's TunnelSiloam Inscription

Cross section of Hezekiah’s TunnelCross section of Hezekiah’s Tunnel

Destruction of the Temple

• In 586BC Judea was conquered by the Babylonians (Nebuchadnezzar II) and its People were Exiled to Babylon.

In 536BC the Persians

conquered the World and let

the Jews return to Canaan.

The Second Temple was built

in 516 BC

Jerusalem in the Time of

Ezra and Nehemiah 444BCPersian Era

in 516 BC

The Hellenistic era 333 – 63 BC

• In 333BC Alexander the Great conquered the

World.

• The Seleucid dynasty took control on Judea after

the death of Alexander.the death of Alexander.

KingdomHasmonean

• In 167BC the Jews

(Maccabees) rebelled and

founded an independent

Hasmonean Kingdom, which Hasmonean Kingdom, which

survived up to 63BC.

• This 100 years period was

the Golden Age of the Israeli

kingdom since the times of

Solomon

Jerusalem in the

Hasmonean Era

The Bridge

Hasmonean

Aquaduct

Probatica pool

Beit Hasda Pool

Rennovate the Temple

The Bridge

Kiponos Gate

Wilson Gate

Aquaduct From Beit

Lehem to the Temple

Rebuilt

Hezekiah’s walls

Roman Period 63BC – 325AC

• Pompey; the Roman army

leader conquered Israel in 63BC

• In 37BC HEROD became the

Roman governor of Israel.

Pompey

Roman governor of Israel.

• Herod was the greatest Builder

in the Israeli history of the old

time.

Prof. Ehud Nezer with the Sarcophagus of

Herod found in Herodum

Caesarea

Hippodrome

Port

Theater

Reef Palace

Mezadah

Winter Palace built by Herod near

the Dead Sea

Jerusalem in the

Time of Herod

Mamila pool

Upper

Aquaducte

New Wall

Commercial

Quarter

New Temple

Drainage tunnel

under Herodian road

hHerodian Road

hHerod’s Palace

“David Tower”

Tower Of David

Compound Near

Jaffa Gate

Fasael Tower

Miriam Tower

Hypokos Tower

N

Charles

Warren

GateAntonia

Castle

Hulda

GateHerodian

RoadRobison Arc

Barkley Gate

Wilson Arc

Ophel

Stairs

“Cotel”

Calvary or

Golgotha

Antonia

Castle

Gethsemane The Holy

week of

the Christ

in

Jerusalem

26

Cenacle

House of

High Priest

The Big Revolt against RomeIn 68AC the Jews rebelled against the Romans. They fortified

their towns and reinforced their army.

The Roman army leader Vespasianus suppressed the revolt. In

summer of 70AC, Jerusalem was conquered by Titus (his son)

and the Temple was demolished.

The Temple treasure were taken and

represented in a triumph parade in Rome

There is an assumption that the

Coliseum in Rome was financed with

the treasure taken from the Temple

Pax Romana in Jerusalem• in 130AC, Hadrian built Jerusalem as a Roman city called Elya

Capitolina and imposed religious Edicts against Judaism

• A Temple to Jupiter was built on the Temple Mount.

• The name of Judea was changed into Palestine.

Beit She'an

The second revolt against Rome.

bar Kokhba RevoltSimon

• Started in 133AC as a response to the Hadrian religious edicts .

• After 3 years of war the

Galilee

Golan

Heights

• After 3 years of war the revolt suppressed andJudea and Jerusalem

were abandoned and the Jews moved to live in the Galilee and Golan Heights

AC, the Roman Empire adopted Christianity and 324In

Byzantiumchanged its name to

The Byzantine Emperors built Churches in Jerusalem.

Helena, the Emperor Constantine’s mother, built the Holy Sepulcher on the Golgota and the Church of Nativity in

Bethlehem in 327AC,

Nativity church in Bethlehem Holy Sepulcher in JerusalemNativity church in Bethlehem Holy Sepulcher in Jerusalem

Madaba

mosaic mapDescribes the map of

Palestine and Jerusalem

in 6th century AC

was found on the

floor of a church in

Madaba in 1884

Damaskus Gate

Cardo

Holy Sepulcher

Santa Anna

Beit Hasda PoolHoly Stephen

Holy Sepulcher

Hagia Maria

Hagia Maria of Zion Mt

Cenacle

Siloam ChurchChurch of St. Peter in

Gallicantu

Islamic era 640AC and up to date

570AC – Muhamad was Born in Mecca

610AC – Started to preach

620AC – Escaped from Mecca to Medina (Hagera)

632AC – Died

638AC – Jerusalem and large part of the Byzantine Empires

were conquered by Omar

Al-Aqsa Mosque was built in 711AC

The Dome of the Rock Mosque was built in 691AC.

Jerusalem during the Islamic Era

• Be blessed the one who gave a ride to his

servant (Muhamad), at night, from the holly

Mosque (in Mecca) to the Mosque which is in

the far end (Jerusalem).

ROBERT OF

FLANDERS

ROBERT OF

NORMADY

GOTFREY OF BOUILLON

BALDWIN OF BOULOGNE

Urbanus II

Emperor Alexios

KOMNEN0S OF

BYZANTION

FIRST BATTLE

IN NICAEA

2nd BATTLE IN

DORYLAEUM

First Crusade 1099

Raymond de

Saint-Gilles,

ADEMR OF

POEY

TANKARD &

BOHEMON

Urbanus II

COUNCIL OF

CLERMONT

1095

BOLDWIN

CONQUER

ADESA AND

REMAIN THERE

BOHEMON

REMAIND IN

ANTAKIA

JERUSALEM IS

CONQUERED

ON JULY 4, 1099

The first Jerusalem kingdom

1099 – 1187 BC

• The crusader

founded a

The first Jerusalem

kingdom 1099 - 1187

founded a

strong

organized

kingdom

• Jerusalem was

the Capital

City

Domini

Temple

Holy

Sepulcher

Muristan

Santa Anna

Beit Hasda

Pool

• The king castle was in

David Tower

compound

Jerusalem, the

crusaders

capital city

Temple

Solomonis

Castle of

the KingHagia

Maria of

Zion Mt

compound

• El Akzza Mosque

converted to a

church - Temple

Solomonis

• A cross was built on

the top of the tomb

of the rock

Saladin defeats the crusaders

• Saladin united all the Arabian

kingdoms in the middle east

• In 1187 (4th of July) – Saladin defeated

the Crusaders in Battle of Hattin

Second Jerusalem

Kingdom

• In 1191 The crusaders

returned and founded

the Second Jerusalem

The second Jerusalem

kingdom 1191 – 1291 BC

ACCO

the Second Jerusalem

kingdom.

• They did not conquer

Jerusalem

• Acco was the Capital City.

Jerusalem

–Mamluksthe 1291

Moslems from Egypt

They destroyed the

Crusaders castles, converted

the Christian Churches into

Mosques.

Jerusalem became a City for Jerusalem became a City for

rich Mamluk retired leaders

The Ottomans (turkey) conquered Israel and the

middle east in 1516

Suleiman the Magnificent rebuilt the walls of

Jerusalem in 1538. Those walls still exist today.

The Ottomans Era 1516 - 1919

Jews retuned to

Jerusalem and built

the Jewish quarter in

18th – 20th century

Damascus

GateMuslems

Jerusalem in 19th 20th Century

The Old City was

divided into four

quarters

Jaffa Gate

Christian

Armenian

Jewish

Sykes–Picot Agreement

During the WW1 (1914

– 1919) the franch, the

British and the Russian

agreed on zones of agreed on zones of

influence and control in

the middle east by the

Sykes–Picot Agreement

in 1916

• In 1920, Britain got a commission to govern Palestine by the league of nations.

• After WW2 (1945) and the Holocaust, many Jews wished to migrate from Europe to Israel.

• In Nov 29th 1947, The United Nation decided on a partition plain Nation decided on a partition plain of Palestine. Jerusalem was defined as an international zone.

• The Jews accept the partition plain. The Arabs denied it. A war started.

• The Jewish quarter in the old Jerusalem was taken by the Jordanian army on May 28th 1948

• Jerusalem became

the capital city of the

Israeli state.

1948 – Israeli

independence

war

Israeli state.

• The Arabs conquered

the Jewish quarter.

• Jerusalem was

divided between the

state of Israel and the

Jordanian kingdom.

• In June 1967, Egypt,

Jordan and Syria

declared war on

Israel.

• The war ended after 6

Six Days War

June 1967

• The war ended after 6

days and the map of

the middle east was

totally changed

• Jerusalem was united

until this day

A history of JerusalemFrom the days of Abraham to the present

Rafael (Rafi) Plotnik - Mechanical Eng.

History fan - Licensed tour guide in Israel

rafiplotnik@gmail.com