The History of Graphic Design

Stylebook By: Nicole Cooper

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Table of Contents

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Page 3- Petroglyph Page 13- Pointed Arch

Page 4- Doric Page 14- Flying Buttress

Page 5- Ionic Page 15- Rose Window

Page 6- Corinthian Page 16- Stained Glass

Page 7- Ampersand Page 17- Intaglio

Page 8- Initial Cap Page 18- Broadside

Page 9- Drop Cap Page 19-Printer’s Mark

Page 10- Carpet Pages Page 20- Fleurons

Page 11- Logogram Page 21- Perspective

Page 12- Tympanum Page 22- Foreshortening

Petroglyph Petroglyphs are also

known as rock engravings. They are images created by removing part of a rock surface by incising, picking, carving, and abrading. Petroglyphs are often associated with prehistoric people and are found world-wide.

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Doric Doric is one of the three

orders of organizational systems of ancient Greek or classical architecture. These columns stood directly on the flat pavement of a temple without a base; their vertical shafts were fluted with parallel concave grooves; and they were topped by a smooth capital. The Parthenon has the Doric design columns.

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Ionic Ionic capitals are

characterized by the use of volutes. The column normally stands on a base which separates the shaft of the column from the platform; the cap is usually enriched with ornamental design carved into the stone or plaster. The Iconic column is also one of three orders used in classical architecture.

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Corinthian The Corinthian column is

one of three principal classical orders of ancient Greek and Roman architecture. This order is stated to be the most ornate out of the three orders. It is characterized by slender fluted columns and elaborate capitals decorated with acanthus leaves and scrolls.

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Ampersand An ampersand is a

logogram representing the conjunction word “and”. The word ampersand is a conflation of the phrase “and per se and”. It can be traced back to the 1st century A.D. and the Old Roman cursive.

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Initial Cap An Initial Cap is used in written

and published works. It is a letter at the beginning of a work, chapter, or paragraph that is larger than the rest of the text. Initial comes from the Latin word initialis, which means standing at the beginning. An initial often is several lines in height and in older books or manuscripts it is sometimes ornately decorated.

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Drop Cap A Drop Cap is a

single letter at the beginning of a work, a chapter, or a paragraph that is larger than the rest of the text, which causes the text to “drop” down two or more lines.

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Carpet Pages Carpet pages are pages of

mainly geometric ornamentation, which may include repeated animal forms. They are a common characteristic feature of illuminated manuscripts. “Carpet page" is used to describe those pages in Christian, Islamic, or Jewish illuminated manuscripts that contain little or no text and which are filled entirely with decorative motifs

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Logogram A logogram is a sign,

letter, character , or mark that represents a word. They are also commonly known as “ideograms”. Ideograms represent ideas directly rather than words and morphemes.

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Tympanum A tympanum is a semi-

circle or triangular decorative architectural element located within the arch or pediment. It often contains sculpture or other imagery or ornaments. In ancient Greek and Roman and in Christian architecture tympanum usually contain religious imagery.

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Pointed Arch A pointed arch is one of the

defining characteristics of Gothic architecture. Arches of this type were used in Islamic architecture before they were structurally employed in medieval architecture. Pointed arches are the most structurally sound and strongest of all of the arches.

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Flying Buttress A flying buttress is a form

of buttressing most strongly associated with Gothic church architecture. The purpose of a flying buttress is to resist the lateral forces pushing a wall outwards by redirecting them to the ground.

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Rose Window A rose window is often

used as a generic term applied to a circular window, but it is especially used for those found in churches of the Gothic architectural style and being divided into segments by stone mullions and tracery. Rose windows have highly complex designs, which can bear similarity to a multi-petalled rose.

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Stained Glass The term stained glass can

refer to colored glass as a material or to works produced from it. As a material stained glass is glass that has been colored by adding metallic salts during its manufacture. The colored glass is crafted into stained glass windows in which small pieces of glass are arranged to form patterns or pictures, held together by strips of lead and supported by a rigid frame. 16

Intaglio Intaglio is a printmaking

technique in which the image is etched into the plate surface to hold the ink, the ink is transferred by placing a damp paper on top and the press applying pressure to transfer the ink. Normally, copper or zinc plates are used as a surface, and the incisions are created by etching, engraving, drypoint, aquatint or mezzotint.

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Broadside A broadside is a large sheet

of paper printed on one side only. Historically, broadsides were posters, announcing events or proclamations, or simply advertisements. Today, broadside printing is done by many smaller printers and publishers as a fine art variant, with poems often being available as broadsides, intended to be framed and hung on the wall.

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Printer’s Mark A printer’s mark is

emblem or insignia was a symbol used as a trademark by early printers starting in the 15th century. This originated in Renaissance printing shops, where a title page would feature the printer's mark near the bottom of the page, usually above the printer's name and city.

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Fleurons A fleuron or printers' flower

is a typographic element used originally as an ornament for typographic compositions. It was often used to compose borders on title pages of historic books. Fleurons are stylized forms of flowers or leaves; the term derives from the Old French word floron for flower.

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Perspective Perspective is an

approximate representation , which is drawn on a flat surface, of an image as it is seen by the eye. The characteristics of a perspective are that the objects are drawn smaller as their distance from the observer increases, and the size of the object’s dimensions along the line of sigh are relatively shorter than dimensions across the line of sight.

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Foreshortening Foreshortening is a

technique used in perspective to create the illusion of an object receding strongly into the distance or background. In a drawing or painting foreshortening makes parts of an object or subject closest to you appear much larger relative to other parts.

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