history of english language

20
World Referent (outside language) Spoken Word /kæt/ (language sound) Written Word “cat” or “c - a- t” (transcription of language sound)

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A look at how the English language evolves over time, with an eye towards noticing the quirks and rules. Once a student knows that grammar is not arbitrary, they get hungry for learning how and why it is like it is (and remembering some of the rules, and figuring out others).

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Page 1: History Of  English  Language

WorldReferent(outside language)

Spoken Word/kæt/

(language sound)

Written Word“cat” or “c - a- t”

(transcription of language sound)

Page 2: History Of  English  Language

Anglo-Saxon Runic Futhorc Greek Alpha-Beta

Page 3: History Of  English  Language
Page 4: History Of  English  Language
Page 5: History Of  English  Language

consonants

• Hring (ring)• Hwīt (white)• Cneow (knee)• Gnawan (gnaw)• Wrītan (write)

Page 6: History Of  English  Language

I mutationAlteration of certain vowels by suffixes

Singular Plural

Foot Feet

Goose Geese

Mouse Mice

Tooth Teeth

Blood Bleed

Food Feed

Full Fill

Mann + iz (plural) = manniz = menniz = men

Page 7: History Of  English  Language
Page 8: History Of  English  Language

1066William the Conqueror

Battle of Hastings Normal Conquests

Page 9: History Of  English  Language

Influences of English Language

Page 10: History Of  English  Language
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minim

i, j, m, n u, v

m, n develop connecting lines

I becomes i

J becomes j

Page 12: History Of  English  Language
Page 13: History Of  English  Language

reduction

1. Hlāf = loaf2. Weard = ward3. Hlāf-weard = keeper of the bread4. Hlāford5. Laverd6. Lord

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. : ,

Page 16: History Of  English  Language

Great Vowel Shift

mi fayt ack; sue doe oars

mi fet ak sc do urz

mai fit ek so du aurz

my feet ache; so do ours

Page 17: History Of  English  Language

war and far

/a/ became rounded after /w/• warm, water, wall

/a/ > /e/ did not round• wager

Page 18: History Of  English  Language

silent e

1. mad

2. made

3. maddening

Page 19: History Of  English  Language

Other Factors

Factors Examples

Printing/technology gtg

Accent Pahk yahr cahr on Hahvahd Yahd

Borrowing Herb vs. herb

Regional Soda vs. pop

Time Internet

Trade/globalization Smorgasbord

Page 20: History Of  English  Language

At the moment becomes atmBe back soon becomes bbsBecause becomes cuz, bcuz, bcz, bcos, bc, cos,

coz or bcozBest friend or Boy friend becomes bf or b/fBest friend(s) for life becomes bfflBest friend(s) forever becomes bffBy the way becomes btwCan't be assed becomes cbaForever becomes 4eva or 4evrFor your information becomes fyiFriend becomes frendGot to go becomes g2g or gtgHave a nice day becomes H.A.N.D.Hold on becomes hld on or h/oHomework becomes hw, hwk or hmwkHow are you becomes hruI don't care becomes idcI don't know becomes idkI do what I want becomes idwiwI love you becomes ily, luv u, ilu, or luv yaIn my opinion becomes imo

In my humble opinion becomes imhoLaugh out loud becomes lolLots of love becomes lolLaughing quietly to myself becomes lqtmMessage (as in a text message) becomes msgNever mind becomes nm or nvm (depending on

context used)No problem becomes np"No thank you" becomes "nty" or "no ty"Obviously becomes ovvi or obvOf course becomes ov cors or ofcOh my god becomes omg or (comicly) zomgParents over shoulder becomes posPlease becomes plz or plezProbably becomes probz, prbly, prolly, or probLove becomes <3 or luvPeace becomes pce, pece, or \/ (V sign)Rolling on the floor laughing (out loud) becomes

rofl(ol)Something becomes sth, s/t, or sumthinSorry becomes sry, "soz", or "sori"