history of compt

8/2/2019 History of Compt

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The History:The History:

The history of mankind is ahistory of his tools. If we take alook at mankind early evolutionary

life, we will see that our ancestorsmade use of the various thingsaround them to ease their work, tomake themselves tougher andstronger. From the stone flints andspears with which they huntedhuge mammoths and fierce bisons,to the iron implements that madethem more efficient and gave them

a greater command over theirenvironment, can be seen the riseto eminence of the human race.


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The IndustrialThe Industrial

RevolutionRevolutionDuring this period the

distilled knowledge of the

world around us and how itworks contributed to thecreation of many things thatwe take for grantednowadays, but which make

our lives more convenientand dignified

The Abacus

The Ultimate Ancestor oftodays computers

Use to aid in handlingnumerical/logicalcomputations.

Charles Babbage

1791-1871

The Father of Computing.

Born on Dec. 26, 1791 inTeignmouth DevonshireUK.

The one who laid thedown the basic ideas for a

computing machine.

Invented the Analytical


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The DifferenceEngineConceive to perform quick

tabular Calculations.

An Algorithm that lent itselfto the easy creation of a widerange of mathematical Tables.

The Difference Engine was

powered by Steam

The AnalyticalEngine

The First Ever Device thatcan be considered acomputer in the modernsense of word.

The Creation of over

50,000 components. It wasutilize I/O media calledacuards unch.


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The AnalyticalEngine

JacquardsPunchUsed to lay down threadarrangement in weaving.

Is a perforated card that can

indicate numerical values

It used the punch cards forstoring operating instructions(programs) and would havebeen able to store around 1,000numbers of up to 50 decimal


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ComputerGenerations

First Generation

1940-1956

Vacuum Tubes

Were Based on the useof wired circuits containingvacuum tubes, and which

utilized punch cards as themain storage medium.

The ENIAC

Machine LanguageMainly Involve the

manipulation of bits(1s or 0s; yes or no)in order to tell the

computer how tooperate.

ELECTRONICNUMERICALINTEGRATOR ANDCOMPUTER (ENIAC)

EDVAC- ELECTRONICDISCRETE VARIABLEAUTOMATIC COMPUTER

Produced through thecollaboration of the USGovernment and the

University ofPennsylvania

It consisted of

18,000 vacuum tubes,70,000 resistors and 5million soldered jointsand occupied a spaceequal to a small

Designed by VonNeumann in 1945. EDVAC

s the pioneer inmplementing VonNeumann Architecture the

Key to Which CentralProcessing Unit which


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Second

Generation

1956-1963Second Generation of

Computers called

Assembly Language. Assembly languageessentially replaced the

complicated and difficultBinary codes of MachineLanguage with Easier

abbreviatedprogramming codes.

The ThirdGeneration

1964-1971

The Integrated Circuits

During this period,computer Developmentgrew by great strides,marking milestones inminiaturization speedand cost efficiency.

Jack Kilby and Rober

Noyce was invented thefirst Integrated Circuits(IC) combined three

components onto asmall silicon disc made


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The FourthGeneration

1972-Present

The MicroProcessors

The Result of All these isthat computer became

smaller and smaller yetthey became morepowerful. Today engineersare able to put millions oftransistors in a single chipwhose size is less than 1nch square.

Fourth GenerationComputers areCharacterized by the

application of AdvancedEngineering Techniques

thatallow forVery Large

Scale Integration(VLSI) and Ultra

Large-Scalentegration (ULSI)

The FifthGeneration

The Term Fifth Generation as itpertains to computer systemsefers to the smart systems, asn Human Smart.

Can Understand Human

Speech, can recognizepatterns like faces andother complex Images.

The Terms Broadly useare ARTIFICIALNTELLIGENCE (A.I). Expert

system and naturalLanguage processing.


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Komponen Generasi I Generasi II Generasi III Generasi IV Generasi V

Input Punched card Card dantape

Tape dandisk

Source data,OCR, barcode

Source data,OCR, barcode

Tempatpenyimpanan

Punched card,pengenalanmagnetic tape

Tape Tape dandisk

Disk, massstorage

Unlimitedvirtualmemory

Bahasaprogram

Bahasa mesin Assembler,higher levellanguage:FORTRAN,COBOL

Bahasaprogrambaru: BASIC

Pascal, Ada,4GL

Naturallanguage,artificialintelligence

Pengolahan Periodik/batch

Batch On-line,komu-nikasidata

Pengolahandataterdistribusi

Pengolahanparalel

Aplikasi Sains Bisnis Bisnis Bisnis Bisnis

Komponen Vacuum tube Transistor Integratedcircuit,silicon, LSI

Microprocessor, silicon,VLSI

VLSI,galliumarsenide

Jeniskomputer

Mainframe Mainframe Minicomputer

PC Supercomputer

Kecepatanoperasi

333 operasiper detik

Ribuanoperasi perdetik

1 juta operasiper detik

4,75 jutaoperasi perdetik

200 jutaoperasi perdetik

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