history of communication
TRANSCRIPT
THE BEGINNING
• Communication begins with humanity• Cave paintings were the first tool• People told with cave paintings;
1. hunts2. enemies3. their cultures
MEDIA IN ANCIENT EMPIRES
• There were two governing space 1. Time-biased media(Duration over-time)2. Space-biased media(Duration over-space)
QUIPU
• Called as talking knots• Made up of cotton cords• Cords had a numeric value• Each cord make sense • Used by Incas
THE ALPHABET
• Invented in 1700s by Phoenicians• Located around Mediterrean Sea• They dealt with trading
• At first;• For long messages bamboo• For short messages wood were used• Then; raw silk replaced wood
GREEK CULTURE
• Oral culture at first• Refused alphabet through 300 years• Poetry transmitted culture
COMMUNICATION IN MIDDLE AGES
• Two factors were important; 1) Literacy 2) Having the ability to communicate over far distances• These made the Church powerful
• The Church controlled the education - monopoly of knowledge –• Word-of-mouth• Oral culture Medieval community
• Paper was invented by Chinese in 105 AD• Adopted by Arabs in 8th century• Passed to Europeans in 10th century
• Printing press invented by Johann Gutenberg in 14th century
• Contributed to spread of written documents
RESULTS FOR PRINTING PRESS
• More accessible/larger information• Increase in the amount of written documents• Growing up in literacy• Mechanizing of written texts• More standardized style• Development of new intellectual class• Impact on Reformation
TYPES OF PRE-PRINT COMM. NETWORK
• Network established by Catholic Church• Network established by political authorities of
states• Network born from commercial activities• Networks of merchants travelersstorytellers
• 2 major developments affecting the network
• Establishment of regular postal service• Application of printing press
• Periodical publications 16th century• Origins of modern newspaper17th century• In 1609 publication of weekly journals in German cities• By 1620, Amsterdam the center of news• First newspaper in English in Amsterdam in 1620
• Joseph Pulitzer(1847-1911): Hungarian-American newspaper publisher
• In 1883,he bought New York World
• Journalism as info. New York Times
1. Attracted wealthy people2. Influenced journalism in 1920s and 1930s3. Caused ideal of objectivity
YELLOWYELLOW JOURNALISM JOURNALISM
• Presents little or no legitimate info.
• Uses eye-catching headlines
• Started in 19th century ( between New York Times and New York World)