history of arts

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HARI OM

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Page 1: history of arts

HARI OM

Page 2: history of arts

CHANGING WORLD OF CHANGING WORLD OF VISUAL ARTSVISUAL ARTS

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History of arts The History of art refers to visual

arts which may be defined as any activity or product made by humans in a visual form for aesthetical or communicative purposes, expressing ideas, emotions or, in general, a worldwide Over time art has been classified diverse ways, from the medieval distinction between liberal arts and mechanical arts, to the modern distinction between fine arts and applied arts, or to the many contemporary definitions, which define art as a manifestation of human creativity. 

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NEW FORMS OF IMPERIAL ARTS

From the 18th century a stream of European artists came to India along with the British traders and rulers. The artists brought with them new styles and conventions of painting. They began producing pictures which became widely popular in Europe and helped shape Western perceptions of India.

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Picturesque:-

One popular imperial tradition was that of picturesque landscape painting. This style of painting depicted India as a quaint land, to be explored by traveling British artists; its landscape was rugged and wild, seemingly untamed by human hands.

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Portraits:-

Another tradition of art that became immensely popular in colonial India was portrait painting. The rich and the powerful , both British and Indian, wanted to see themselves in canvas. Unlike the existing Indian tradition of painting portraits in miniature, colonial portraits were life-size images that looked lifelike and real.

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Painting history:-

There was a third category of imperial art, called “history painting”. This tradition sought to dramatize and recreate various episodes of British imperial history, and enjoyed great prestige and popularity during the late 18th and early 19th centuries.

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Mural paintings:-

A mural is any piece of artwork painted or applied directly on a wall, ceiling or other large permanent surface. A particularly distinguishing characteristic of mural painting is that the architectural elements of the given space are harmoniously incorporated into the picture.

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This is Ceiling painting, by Jean-Andre Rixens

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Scroll paintings:-

The hand scroll originated from ancient Chinese text documents. From the Spring and Autumn Period through the Han dynasty, bamboo or wooden slips were bound and used to write texts on. During the Eastern Han Dynasty period (25-220), the use of paper and silk as hand scrolls became more common. The hand scroll was the one of the main formats for texts up until the Tang dynasty. Since the Three Kingdoms period (220–280), the hand scroll became a standard form of mounting, and new styles were developed over time.

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What happened to the court artists ? What happened to artists who earlier

painted miniatures? How did the painters at Indian courts react to the new traditions of imperial art? We can see different trends in different courts. In Mysore, Tipu sultan not only fought the British on the battlefield but also resisted the cultured traditions associated with them. He continued to encourage local traditions, and had the walls of his palace at seringapatam covered with mural paintings done by local artists.

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Mural painting in Tipu’s court

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The new popular Indian Art

In the 19th century a new world of popular art developed in many of the cities of India. In Bengal, around the pilgrimage centre of the temple of kalighat, local village scroll painters and potters began developing a new style of art. they moved from the surrounding villages into Calcutta in the early 19th .This was the time when the city was expanded as a commercial and administrative center.

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The search of national art

Towards the end of the 19th a stronger connection was established between art and nationalism. Many painters now tried to develop a style that could be considered both modern and Indian.

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Art of Raja Ravi Varma Raja Ravi Varma was one

of the first artists who tried to create a style that was both modern and national. Ravi Varma belonged to the family of the maharajas of travancore in kerala, and was addressed as raja. He mastered the Western art of oil painting and realistic life study, but painted themes from Indian mythology.

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A different vision of national art

In Bengal a new group of nationalist artists gathered around Abanindranath Tagore, the nephew of Rabindranath Tagore. They rejected the art of ravi varma as imitative and westernized, and declared that such style was unsuited for depicting the nations ancient myths and legends.

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