HistoryHistory

Generation 0Generation 0 Charles Babbage (1792-1871)Charles Babbage (1792-1871) analytical engineanalytical engine purely mechanicalpurely mechanical Ada Lovelace – first programmerAda Lovelace – first programmer

Generation 1Generation 1 tubestubes WW IIWW II ’’45-’5545-’55 Aiken – HarvardAiken – Harvard von Neumann – Princetonvon Neumann – Princeton Zuse – GermanyZuse – Germany Eckert & Mauchley – U PennEckert & Mauchley – U Penn

Generation 2Generation 2 transistortransistor ’’55-’6555-’65 mainframes, punched cards, operatorsmainframes, punched cards, operators batch systemsbatch systems

cards cards 1401 1401 tape tape 7094 7094 tape tape 1401 1401 printerprinter

Generation 3Generation 3 ICsICs ’’65 – ’8065 – ’80 System/360 “family” of systemsSystem/360 “family” of systems Multiprogramming – multiple programs in Multiprogramming – multiple programs in

memory at the same time sharing the CPUmemory at the same time sharing the CPU SPOOL – simultaneous peripheral operation SPOOL – simultaneous peripheral operation

onlineonline Timesharing – variant of multiprogramming for Timesharing – variant of multiprogramming for

terminal and batch jobsterminal and batch jobs

Gen 3 cont’dGen 3 cont’d MULTICSMULTICS

Computer utility idea (kind of like internet servers)Computer utility idea (kind of like internet servers) More ambitious that hardware could supportMore ambitious that hardware could support MULTICS + PDP7 + Ken Thompson = UnixMULTICS + PDP7 + Ken Thompson = Unix Unix variants:Unix variants:

System VSystem V BSDBSD

IEEE POSIXIEEE POSIX Now Linux from Linus TorvaldsNow Linux from Linus Torvalds

Gen 4 – 1980 to presentGen 4 – 1980 to present VLSIVLSI 8080 CP/M also Z808080 CP/M also Z80 Apple I and IIApple I and II 8088 + MS-DOS (from Seattle Comp. Prod.)8088 + MS-DOS (from Seattle Comp. Prod.) Apple Lisa (Xerox Star)Apple Lisa (Xerox Star) Apple MacApple Mac Windows 3.1, 95, 98, NT (designed by David Cutler Windows 3.1, 95, 98, NT (designed by David Cutler

from DEC VAX/VMS), 2000, XPfrom DEC VAX/VMS), 2000, XP

XWindows on Unix and LinuxXWindows on Unix and Linux