history, eugenics and genetics personal genetics education project (pged) harvard medical school -...
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History, Eugenics and Genetics
Personal Genetics Education Project (pgEd)Harvard Medical School - Wu Laboratory
www.pged.org
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The Beery twins, Noah and Alexis
http://the-scientist.com/author/lucy-reading/ (2011)
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Oxford Nanopore MinION
Genome sequencing technology
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Fanconi anemia (disorder of DNA repair)
Cure: PGD, umbilical cord bloodstem cells
http://tvnoviny.sk/sekcia/spravy/zahranicne/vo-francuzsku-sa-narodilo-prve-dizajnerske-dieta.html
Molly and Adam Nash
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Schwartz 2011 Jewish News
Preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD)
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Fatal Transplants Adultillness
Gender Strength &Intelligence
Men
Women
Public attitudes regarding the use of PGD
http://www.dnapolicy.org/resources/2006_Hudson_PGD_public_policy_and_public_attitudes.pdf
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Big idea: Improving society and
humanity via selective breeding and sterilization.
First half of the 20th century.
State and Federal laws addressing issues ranging from
immigration to mandatory sterilization.
Burlington Free Press, January 24, 1925, p. 1.
American eugenics movement
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Photo by Jacob Riis, courtesy of the Museum of the City of New York
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http://www.eugenicsarchive.org/eugenics/view_image.pl?id=348
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Georgia State Fair 1924
http://news.wustl.edu/news/Pages/792.aspx
“Fitter Family” contests: 1920s – 1940s
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Laws Against Interracial Marriage
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http://www.eugenicsarchive.org/html/eugenics/static/images/958.html
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http://www.saponitown.com/eugenics-carrie-buck/eugenics-carrie-buck.htm
Carrie Buck
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http://www.hsl.virginia.edu/historical/eugenics/
“...society can prevent those who are manifestly unfit from continuing their kind...
Three generations of imbeciles are enough.”
Oliver Wendell Holmes, Jr.
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Raymond PearlEugenics preaching is “contrary to the best established facts of genetical science.”
Carnegie Institution Visiting Committee, 1935: Most of the ERO’s work was without scientific merit and it should cease sponsorship of programs in immigration restriction, sterilization, and race betterment.
http://www.dnalc.org/
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“We do not stand alone”
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Wir_stehen_nicht_allein.jpg
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Nuremberg Code4 of the 10 directives for Human Subjects Research
1. The voluntary consent of the human subject is absolutely essential…
2. The experiment should be such as to yield fruitful results for the good of society, …
4. The experiment should be so conducted as to avoid all unnecessary physical and mental suffering and injury.
9. During the course of the experiment the human subject should be at liberty to bring the experiment to an end…
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http://www.wfae.org/
Pamphlet from the Human Betterment Leagueof North Carolina – 1950
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http://rt.com/usa/news/north-carolina-eugenics-vote-372/
Los Angeles Times
Protests against forced sterilization
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http://abcnews.go.com
Elaine Riddick –sterilized without her knowledge at the age of 14
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North Carolina
•Eugenic sterilization law enacted February 18, 1929.•Sterilization suitable for “mentally defective persons.”•“The 7,600 victims of the program, which was dissolved in 1977, were largely women and disproportionately members of minorities.” (New York Times).•Any person (e.g., a neighbor) could request someone be sterilized, which would then be considered by a state sterilization board.•After 10 years of debate, the NC legislature passed a budget to provide $10 million to victims. (As of 2013, roughly 200 victims have come forward, so each would receive about $50,000.)•This is the first time reparations have been granted to victims of eugenic sterilization.
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Presidential Commission on Bioethical Issues
http://www.bioethics.gov/