history (egypt), art (architecture sample...

ENRICHMENT4YOUPublished byHenrich IncorporatedCopyright 2006All rights reserved. No part of this publication may bereproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmittedin any form by any means, electronic, mechanical, pho-tocopying or otherwise, without first obtaining the writ-ten permission of the copyright owner.

This Enrichment4You E-guide focuses onthe Egyptian architecture. In this e-guide

you will:

*Read about Egyptian Architecture

*Write about Egyptian Architecture

*Make an Egyptian Propylon -a Monumental Gateway

Egyptian Architecturein Focus

History (Egypt),Art (Architecture)

History (Egypt), Art (Architecture

Egyptian Propylon

EGYPTIAN ARCHITECTUREEGYPTIAN ARCHITECTUREEGYPTIAN ARCHITECTUREEGYPTIAN ARCHITECTUREEGYPTIAN ARCHITECTURE IN FOCUS IN FOCUS IN FOCUS IN FOCUS IN FOCUS

Permission granted to reproduce for individual use only. © 2006 Enrichment4You.com (937-430-7424) www.Enrichment4You.comLEARN * DREAM * AWAKEN* DISCOVER * ENLIGHTEN * INVESTIGATE * QUESTION * EXPLORE

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ABOUT THISABOUT THISABOUT THISABOUT THISABOUT THIS

ENRICHMENT GUIDEENRICHMENT GUIDEENRICHMENT GUIDEENRICHMENT GUIDEENRICHMENT GUIDE

This enrichment guide is designed to give you a short, but interesting jour-ney into Egyptian architecture This e-guide is divided into several fun sectionsfor you to explore:

1. Overview of Egyptian Architecture - Page 1- 3.

2. Write a Description of Egyptian Architecture - Page 4.

3. Make an Egyptian Propylon - Monumental Gateway - Pages 5 - 9.



Egyptian Propylon



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History (Egypt),Art (Architecture) EGYPTIAN ARCHITECTUREEGYPTIAN ARCHITECTUREEGYPTIAN ARCHITECTUREEGYPTIAN ARCHITECTUREEGYPTIAN ARCHITECTURE

IN FOCUS IN FOCUS IN FOCUS IN FOCUS IN FOCUS


Egyptian Propylon1

OVERVIEWThe civilization of the ancient Egyptians lasted from

around 3100 BC until it became part of the Romanempire around 30 BC. Egyptian temples were hugeand geometric. Egyptian temples were often

decorated with hieroglyphics and painted reliefs which depicted gods, Pharaohsand queens. Tombs as well were often decorated with hieroglyphics and relief.

The pyramids of ancient Egypt were elaborate tombs. They were designedto represent the rays of the sun. The columns and capitals used by the ancientEgyptians were later used by other cultures such as the ancient Greeks andRomans.

Ancient Egyptians used brick to build many of theirhomes. During the annual floods the Nile carried and leftdeposits of silt which were used to make bricks. The bricks weremade by first removing impurities from the clay soil. It was thenmixed with water to form a type of paste. Straw or grass wasadded to the paste to reduce shrinkage and cracking duringdrying. This mixture was then kneaded, molded and dried inthe sun.


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Stone quarries produced large stones that were used toconstruct many of the larger buildings. Hard rock such assandstone and granite were cut from open quarries. Limestoneand tufa were extracted from closed quarries. Wooden wedgeswere inserted and kept very wet so that they would swell andcause the stone to separate from the rock face. The rockswere then cut and taken to a location for transport to thebuilding site.

There are many different architectural terms that refer tospecific elements in Egyptian buildings. The following is abrief list of some of these terms:

EGYPTIAN GORGE, CAVETTO CORNICE - is a hollow memberor round concave molding containing at least the quadrant of a circle, used in cornicesand between the tori of bases.

PROPYLAEUM - The monumentalgateway to a sacred enclosure.

PROPYLON - In ancient Egyptianarchitecture, a monumental gateway, usuallybetween two towers. In outline they were liketruncated pyramids, of which one or a seriesstood before the actual entrance or pylon ofmost temples or other important buildings.

PYRAMID - A massive funerary structure ofstone or brick with a square base and foursloping triangular sides meeting at the apex.



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SUNKEN RELIEF SUNKEN RELIEF SUNKEN RELIEF SUNKEN RELIEF SUNKEN RELIEF - - - - - Relief that does not extend beyond the surface, or is etchedinto the surface.

LINTEL LINTEL LINTEL LINTEL LINTEL - - - - - A horizontal structural member, such as a beam over an opening, thatcarries the weight of the wall above it; often of stone or wood.

PAPYRIFORM CAPITAL PAPYRIFORM CAPITAL PAPYRIFORM CAPITAL PAPYRIFORM CAPITAL PAPYRIFORM CAPITAL - - - - - A capital of an Egyptian column; form featuresa cluster of papyrus flowers.

STELE STELE STELE STELE STELE - - - - - In classical architecture and derivatives, an upright stone, usually aslab, marking a grave. A wall area set aside as a memorial.



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DIRECTIONSDIRECTIONSDIRECTIONSDIRECTIONSDIRECTIONS: Follow the steps listed at the bottom of this page inorder. Use the words provided under the different categories to help youwrite your paragraph. If you would like, add your own words to the categories.If appropriate, you may use more than one word from each column.



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GENERALGENERALGENERALGENERALGENERALDESCRIPTIONDESCRIPTIONDESCRIPTIONDESCRIPTIONDESCRIPTION

*Massive funerary monuments*Temples built of stone

*Featured post and lintelconstructions

*Corbel vaults without arches*Vaulting*Pyramids

TOOLS USED FORTOOLS USED FORTOOLS USED FORTOOLS USED FORTOOLS USED FORTEMPLETEMPLETEMPLETEMPLETEMPLE

CONSTRUCTIONCONSTRUCTIONCONSTRUCTIONCONSTRUCTIONCONSTRUCTION*Most tools made from copperor diorite (a type of hard stone)

*Wooden level square*Vertical level

*Diorite chisels*Mallet*Brace*Wedge

SOME FAMOUSSOME FAMOUSSOME FAMOUSSOME FAMOUSSOME FAMOUSBUILDINGSBUILDINGSBUILDINGSBUILDINGSBUILDINGS

*Temple of Horus (257 - 237BC)

*Great Temple of Amon in*Karnak (1312 - 1301 BC)

*Temple of Isis in Philae(283 - 247 BC)

*Temple of Rameses III inLuxor (1198 BC)

FINISHESFINISHESFINISHESFINISHESFINISHES*Decoration of walls started at

the ceiling*Interiors covered with base

reliefs carved withcopper, wood and stone tools.*Bas-reliefs polished with an

abrasive paste

CONSTRUCTIONCONSTRUCTIONCONSTRUCTIONCONSTRUCTIONCONSTRUCTIONMETHODSMETHODSMETHODSMETHODSMETHODS

*Mud brick architecture madefrom silt deposited

by the annual floods of the Nile*Decorative pillars featuring

palm leaf andscalloped capitals

*Mural decorations

TEMPLESTEMPLESTEMPLESTEMPLESTEMPLES*Temples served as the house

of a god and a symbolicrepresentation of the universe

*Columns with plant motifssymbolized the terrestrial world

that supported the cosmic world*Two kinds of temples - the

open, solar temples of the OldKingdom and “classic” temples

with enclosed sacred areas

STEPSSTEPSSTEPSSTEPSSTEPS1. Indent and write one or more sentences giving a general description of Egyptianarchitecture.2. Write several sentences describing Egyptian temples.3. Write one or more sentences detailing some famous buildings.4. Write one or more sentences describing the construction methods used inEgyptian architecture.5. Write several sentences detailing the tools used in construction of Egyptianbuildings. 6. Write one more sentences describing finishes used on the surface of Egyptianbuildings.Permission granted to reproduce for individual use only. © 2006 Enrichment4You.com (937-430-7424) www.Enrichment4You.com

LEARN * DREAM * AWAKEN* DISCOVER * ENLIGHTEN * INVESTIGATE * QUESTION * EXPLORE

Sam

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