HISTORY HISTORY AND CULTUREAND CULTURE

CITIESCITIES ANIMALSANIMALS

NATURENATURE

ABORIGINALSABORIGINALSBASIC DATABASIC DATA

BASIC DATAabout

AUSTRALIA

Continent Australia Region Oceania Coordinates 27° S 144° EArea 7,686,850 km2

99% land1% water

Coastline 25,760 kmBorders 0 km Highest point Mount Kosciuszko 2,228 m Lowest point Lake Eyre-15 m Longest river Murray RiverLargest lake Lake Eyre

Australia is a continent in Oceania located between the Indian Ocean and the South Pacific Ocean at 27° S 144° E. It is the sixth largest country

in the world with a total area of 7,686,850 square kilometres (2,967,909 sq. mi) (including Lord Howe Island and Macquarie

Island), making it slightly smaller than the contiguous 48 states of the United States and 31.5 times bigger than the United Kingdom.

Australia has a total 25,760 kilometres(16,007 mi) of coastline and claims an extensive Exclusive Economic Zone of 8,148,250 square kilometres (3,146,057 sq. mi). This exclusive economic zone does not include the

Australian Antarctic Territory. It has no land borders.

AboriginalsAboriginalsMoorsMoors

Indigenous Australians are the first Indigenous Australians are the first human inhabitants of the Australian human inhabitants of the Australian continent and its nearby islands. The continent and its nearby islands. The term includes both the Torres Strait term includes both the Torres Strait Islanders and the Aborigines. The latter Islanders and the Aborigines. The latter term is usually used to refer to those term is usually used to refer to those who live in mainland Australia, who live in mainland Australia, Tasmania and other adjacent islands Tasmania and other adjacent islands (although Tiwi Islanders have (although Tiwi Islanders have sometimes said they prefer to be sometimes said they prefer to be known as such rather than as known as such rather than as Aboriginal peopleAboriginal people))..

The Torres Strait Islanders are the indigenous Australians who live in the Torres Strait Islands between Australia and New Guinea. They differ from the Aboriginal people in that they possess distinct facial variations, have different customs and culture. They are generally considered to be a distinct ethnic group preferring to be known as Torres Strait Islanders rather than as Aboriginal people.

History and Culture

History

People lived there at a Stone Age level. They did not know of how to work the People lived there at a Stone Age level. They did not know of how to work the soil nor how to rear livestock. They had no plants suitable for cultivation and no soil nor how to rear livestock. They had no plants suitable for cultivation and no original Australian animals were suitable for domestication. Thus, the original Australian animals were suitable for domestication. Thus, the Australians never became farmers or herdsmen. They made their tools and Australians never became farmers or herdsmen. They made their tools and weapons only of wood and stone. The sole source of food was hunting and weapons only of wood and stone. The sole source of food was hunting and gathering. Men used to catch birds, snakes, crocodiles, and women with children gathering. Men used to catch birds, snakes, crocodiles, and women with children used to pick fruits, caterpillars, ants, eggs and dig for roots. The dingo wild dog used to pick fruits, caterpillars, ants, eggs and dig for roots. The dingo wild dog was the sole animal that became domesticated. The Australians were divided was the sole animal that became domesticated. The Australians were divided into about 650 tribes that spoke about 500 different languages. Each tribe into about 650 tribes that spoke about 500 different languages. Each tribe usually had its own dialect, name and customs, its own territory and hunting usually had its own dialect, name and customs, its own territory and hunting grounds. grounds. Captain James Cook explored the eastern coast in 1770 when the continent was Captain James Cook explored the eastern coast in 1770 when the continent was inhabited by a variety of different tribes. It became a convict colony in the18th inhabited by a variety of different tribes. It became a convict colony in the18th century when immigration increased because gold was found here. The century when immigration increased because gold was found here. The Commonwealth was proclaimed in 1901Commonwealth was proclaimed in 1901..

Culture

• The modern culture of Australia draws from many sources, primarily the United Kingdom, but also from indigenous Australians, the immigration of a diverse range of people with the Australian gold rushes of the 1850s, and post-World War II refugees from Britain and Europe.

• The demographics of Australia show it to be one of the most urbanised and ethnically diverse populations in the world; the majority of Australians live on the coast with the Outback being sparsely populated.

• The early Indigenous Australian culture before European settlement of Australia, is evidenced in the oral traditions and lore of their descendents and the range of material artefacts, however precise detail in the western academic sense is not accessible.

• The vigour and originality of the arts in Australia — film, music, painting, theatre, dance and • The Australian culture has historically been a masculine one, forged on the hardship of early

settlers and later on the heroism of the Australian soldiers. "Mateship", or loyal fraternity, has been a central tenet. This also explains why the more aggressive forms of sport (Rugby and Australian rules football, for example) are particularly popular in Australia.

• High culture thrives with excellent galleries (even in small towns); a rich tradition in ballet, enlivened by the legacy of Dame Margot Fonteyn and Sir Rober Helpmann; a strong national opera company based in Sydney; and good symphony orchestras in all capital cities, particularly the Melbourne and Sydney symphony orchestras.

In Australia there are more than 500 national parks, In Australia there are more than 500 national parks, in which we can find tropical rain-forests, high in which we can find tropical rain-forests, high mountain ranges, sand beaches on the coast and. mountain ranges, sand beaches on the coast and. wwell-known coral reef. ell-known coral reef.

Australia consists of 6 states and

2 territonies. Each state has own capital city.

The state capitals are Perth, Brisbane, Sidney, Melbourne,

Adelaide and Darwin. The capital city is Camberra.

CITIES

SydneySydney is the oldest,largest, the most beautiful and the most modern city. It is the main port and the capital of New South Wales. Its population is 3,7 million people. There is a very famous Harbour Bridge whose arch is some 134 m above water level. A wonderful part of Sydney is the famous Opera house designed by a Danish architect.

Brisbane

It is the capital of QUEENSLAND. the population of Queensland officially reached 4 million. Queensland is the fastest growing state in Australia, with over fifteen hundred people moving to the state a week. Queensland will become Australia's 2nd most populous state of 7.5 million Town hall

Melbourne

It is the capital of VICTORIA and is home to over 70% of all Victorians. Merbourne, a major metropolis in Victoria, Australia. Melborne city centre, the central area of metropolitan Melbourne.

Adelaide It is the capital of SOUTH AUSTRALIA and is the fifth largest city in Australia, with a population of over 1.1 million. As South Australia's seat of government and commercial centre, Adelaide is the site of many governmental and financial institutions. Most of these are concentrated in the city centre along the cultural boulevard of North Terrace and in various districts of the metropolitan area.

Perth

It is the capital of WESTERN AUSTRALIA.City is: Bungle Bungles named after a misspelling of „bundle“ a local variety od Grass.Cue founded by prospect Tom Cue in 1892, Cue was so rich in gold deposits.Dirk Hartog Island in 1616, Dutch sea capitan Dirk hartog discovered this remote osle off Western Australia.

Darwin

It is the capital of NORTHERN TERRITORY. and the most populous city of Australia´s NorthernTerriory. It has a population of 109,478 (est. June 2004) and is located on Australia's far northern coastline.

http://www.chovatelka.cz/chovatelka/clanek-foto/431--1113.html

A kangaroo is any of several large macropods A kangaroo is any of several large macropods (the marsupial family that also includes the (the marsupial family that also includes the wallabies, tree-kangaroos, wallaroos, wallabies, tree-kangaroos, wallaroos, pademelons and the Quokka: 63 species in pademelons and the Quokka: 63 species in all). The term all). The term kangarookangaroo is sometimes used in a is sometimes used in a broader sense to refer to all members of the broader sense to refer to all members of the macropodmacropod familyfamily. .

Although three subspecies have been described, these are arbitrary selections from a cline and are not generally accepted as valid.

Following Bergman‘s Rule, southern individuals from the cooler climates are larger. A typical Victorian Koala has longer, thicker

fur, is a darker, softer grey, often with chocolate-brown highlights on the back and forearms, and has a more prominently light-

coloured ventral side and fluffy white ear tufts. Typical weights are 12 kg for males and 8.5 kg for females. In tropical and sub-

tropical Quensland, however, the Koala is smaller a lighter, often rather scruffy grey in colour, and has shorter, thinner fur. The

variation from one form to another is continuous, and there are substantial differences between individual Koalas in any given

region such as hair color.

SSSS piny anteater and piny anteater and duckbill are biologically the duckbill are biologically the

uniquest Australian uniquest Australian inhabitants. They are inhabitants. They are

marsupias but they are in marsupias but they are in addition oviparous! Their bag addition oviparous! Their bag are only such dermatic bend. are only such dermatic bend. Duckbill live alike as otter. It Duckbill live alike as otter. It occur in brooks and stream occur in brooks and stream

colder southern part Austrália, colder southern part Austrália, in Tasmánia and lakes. It dig in Tasmánia and lakes. It dig

beak their bottom and eat beak their bottom and eat worms and small fishs.it is worms and small fishs.it is

night creature and it is verynight creature and it is very shy. shy.