history alive - chapter 22 lecture.ppt

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World HistoryWorld HistoryTHE HUMAN JOURNEYTHE HUMAN JOURNEY

HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

The Industrial RevolutionThe Industrial Revolution

Section 1:Section 1: Origins of the Industrial Revolution Origins of the Industrial Revolution

Section 2:Section 2: The Factory System The Factory System

Section 3:Section 3: New Methods and Business Organizations New Methods and Business Organizations

Section 4:Section 4: Living and Working Conditions Living and Working Conditions

Section 5:Section 5: Socialism Socialism

CHAPTER 22CHAPTER 22

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HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON2

Objectives:Objectives:Explain why the Industrial Revolution began in Explain why the Industrial Revolution began in

Great Britain.Great Britain.Describe how inventions in the textile industry led Describe how inventions in the textile industry led

to other new inventions.to other new inventions.Analyze the effects that developments in Analyze the effects that developments in

transportation and communication had on the transportation and communication had on the spread of the Industrial Revolution.spread of the Industrial Revolution.

Section 1: Section 1:

Origins of the Industrial RevolutionOrigins of the Industrial RevolutionOrigins of the Industrial RevolutionOrigins of the Industrial Revolution

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The Agricultural RevolutionThe Agricultural RevolutionEnclosure movement – smaller landholdings Enclosure movement – smaller landholdings

combined into more efficient, larger holdingscombined into more efficient, larger holdingsNew farming methods – bronze and iron toolsNew farming methods – bronze and iron toolsCrop rotationCrop rotation



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Factors of ProductionFactors of ProductionLand – all natural resourcesLand – all natural resourcesCapital – money, tools, machinery, equipment, Capital – money, tools, machinery, equipment,

inventoryinventoryLabor – migration into cities, population growthLabor – migration into cities, population growth



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The Textile IndustryThe Textile IndustryNew inventions – mechanizationNew inventions – mechanizationEffects of mechanization – supply increased, Effects of mechanization – supply increased,

prices decreased, demand increasedprices decreased, demand increased



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Steam Engines, Iron, and SteelSteam Engines, Iron, and SteelIron and steel – mechanization meant that more Iron and steel – mechanization meant that more

iron was needediron was needed



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Other IndustrializationOther IndustrializationProduction of shoes, clothing, ammunition, and Production of shoes, clothing, ammunition, and

furniturefurniturePrinting, papermaking, lumber, and food Printing, papermaking, lumber, and food

processingprocessingVulcanization – basis of modern rubber industryVulcanization – basis of modern rubber industry



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TransportationTransportationSteam engine – locomotive, steamboatSteam engine – locomotive, steamboat



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The Communications RevolutionThe Communications RevolutionScientific researchScientific researchBatteryBatteryElectricityElectricityTelegraphTelegraph



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The Spread of IndustryThe Spread of IndustryCotton ginCotton ginMechanical reaperMechanical reaperCanals, railroadsCanals, railroadsSteel industrySteel industry



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Objectives:Objectives:Explain how the increased use of machinery Explain how the increased use of machinery

affected workers and working conditions.affected workers and working conditions.Identify the differences between the middle class Identify the differences between the middle class

and the working class.and the working class.Analyze how the lives of women changed during Analyze how the lives of women changed during

the Industrial Revolution.the Industrial Revolution.


The Factory SystemThe Factory SystemThe Factory SystemThe Factory System

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How Machines Affected WorkHow Machines Affected WorkMechanization made jobs simpler and less skilledMechanization made jobs simpler and less skilled



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The Wage SystemThe Wage SystemCosts of productionCosts of productionLabor supplyLabor supplyWages for other workWages for other workGender – higher wages for menGender – higher wages for men



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The Lives of Factory WorkersThe Lives of Factory WorkersMany rules to followMany rules to followCold and damp in winter, steamy in summerCold and damp in winter, steamy in summerFrequent accidentsFrequent accidentsShabby, cramped apartment buildingsShabby, cramped apartment buildings



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Development of the Middle ClassDevelopment of the Middle ClassIndustries and cities grewIndustries and cities grewWell-educated middle class thrivedWell-educated middle class thrivedFamilies could rise in social (class) standingFamilies could rise in social (class) standing



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Effect of Industrialization on Women’s LivesEffect of Industrialization on Women’s LivesWomen began working outside the homeWomen began working outside the homeWomen gained independenceWomen gained independence



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Objectives:Objectives:Explain how and why the methods of production Explain how and why the methods of production

changed during the Industrial Revolution.changed during the Industrial Revolution.Identify what caused corporations to emerge and Identify what caused corporations to emerge and

the effects they had on business.the effects they had on business.Define the business cycle and explain how it Define the business cycle and explain how it

affected society.affected society.


New Methods and Business OrganizationsNew Methods and Business OrganizationsNew Methods and Business OrganizationsNew Methods and Business Organizations

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Capitalism and Changing Production MethodsCapitalism and Changing Production MethodsDivision of labor and interchangeable parts – Division of labor and interchangeable parts –

unskilled labor lowered cost of production; unskilled labor lowered cost of production; interchangeable parts allowed speedy and interchangeable parts allowed speedy and inexpensive repairsinexpensive repairs

The assembly line – mass productionThe assembly line – mass production



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Rise of the CorporationRise of the CorporationSold stocks in companies to raise money to run Sold stocks in companies to raise money to run

and expand businessand expand businessMonopoly – one corporation had almost complete Monopoly – one corporation had almost complete

control over production or sale of a single good or control over production or sale of a single good or serviceservice

Cartels – business combinations to control every Cartels – business combinations to control every stage of an entire industrystage of an entire industry



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Business CyclesBusiness CyclesAlternating periods of prosperity and declineAlternating periods of prosperity and decline



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Objectives:Objectives:Identify Adam Smith’s ideas and explain how they Identify Adam Smith’s ideas and explain how they

affected people’s views of industrialization.affected people’s views of industrialization.Explain the causes of reform movements.Explain the causes of reform movements.Analyze how workers tried to improve their lives.Analyze how workers tried to improve their lives.


Living and Working ConditionsLiving and Working ConditionsLiving and Working ConditionsLiving and Working Conditions

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Economic TheoriesEconomic TheoriesLaws of economics – law of supply and demand, Laws of economics – law of supply and demand,

law of competitionlaw of competitionMalthus and Ricardo – believed that human Malthus and Ricardo – believed that human

misery and poverty are inevitablemisery and poverty are inevitableLaissez-faire – no government regulation of Laissez-faire – no government regulation of

businessbusiness



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Reformers AriseReformers AriseHumanitarians – work to improve conditions of Humanitarians – work to improve conditions of

othersothersUtilitarianism – greatest happiness for greatest Utilitarianism – greatest happiness for greatest

number of peoplenumber of peopleJohn Stuart Mill – government should work for John Stuart Mill – government should work for

good of all its citizensgood of all its citizens



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Early Reform LawsEarly Reform LawsFactory Act – improved work conditions for childrenFactory Act – improved work conditions for children



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Collective ActionCollective ActionStrikes – workers protest by refusing to workStrikes – workers protest by refusing to workUnions – workers’ associations to bargain on Unions – workers’ associations to bargain on

workers’ behalfworkers’ behalf



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Objectives:Objectives: Describe the type of society that early socialists wanted to Describe the type of society that early socialists wanted to

establish.establish. Explain how Robert Owen put his socialist beliefs into Explain how Robert Owen put his socialist beliefs into

action.action. Explain what Karl Marx believed would happen to the Explain what Karl Marx believed would happen to the

capitalist world of the 1880s.capitalist world of the 1880s. Identify some of the competing ideas that arose out of Identify some of the competing ideas that arose out of

Marxism.Marxism.


SocialismSocialismSocialismSocialism

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SocialismSocialismUtopian socialists – believed people could live Utopian socialists – believed people could live

peacefully with each other and work for the peacefully with each other and work for the common goodcommon good

Owen – “villages of cooperation;” built homes and Owen – “villages of cooperation;” built homes and schools for workersschools for workers



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The Theories of Karl MarxThe Theories of Karl MarxBelieved production would stop without workersBelieved production would stop without workers



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Variations of SocialismVariations of SocialismCommunismCommunismDemocratic socialismDemocratic socialism



history alive - chapter 22 lecture.ppt

Documents

industrial revolution

human journey

world historysection 4

world historysection 5

world historysection 3

world historysection 2

world historysection 1

inventions