historical perspectives in - disability
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Historical Perspectives inSpecial Education
A brief review
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Ancient Views (BC)
Seriously affected seldom survived birth
Mildly disabled survived and contributed
Belief in supernatural led to (2) differentviews:
Demons; therefore kill them
Unique; therefore revere and honorRegardless, those with disabilities were
isolated
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An Ethical Dilemma
Over 400,000
babies are born in
the US premature They are at risk for
life long disabilities
Often policy to
resuscitate all
babies weighing 1 lb
or more
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Greek and Roman
Early: Away from supernatural to natural
causes
Holistic interventions such as:
Diet
Exercise
Natural herbs etc
Mind, body, spirit
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Greek and Roman (cont)
Later in this period:
Need for military superiority
Therefore, needed society free of
defectives
Returned to previous views of disability
Called Era of Extermination
Individual is what he is, now and forever
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Greek & Roman(cont)
Consequences of Philosophy:
Punishment: Chaining
Left on hills to die
Thrown off cliffs
Locked awayDrown
Father had right to terminate childs life
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Locked away
Thrown off cliffs
Chained
Greek and Roman treatment of the disabled
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Middle Ages
Rigid caste system
Era of Ridicule
Those with disabilities were:
Used as servants or fools
Some were still put to death
Dwarfs were used as clowns Overall, ridiculed for deformities and behavior
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Middle Ages
Becky
Judy
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Renaissance
Era of Asylum
Catholic Church accepts those with
disabilities as wards of state
Cared for in isolation
No education at first, but humane
treatment
Belief: Once disabled, always disabled
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Industrial Revolution
Era of Education
Need for mass education, literate
society, and good workers
Vocational Emphasis
Sheltered workshops emerged
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Early Education Efforts
Itard-wolf boy, multi-sensory learning
Sequin-training sequence
Montessori-individualized and discovery
learning
These were some seeds of special
education
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Maria Montessori
Eduard Seguin
Jean-Marc
Itard
Pioneers in Special Education
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Turn of the Century (early
1900s) Early: Biological emphasis
Institutional Care/medical model
1900-1950s some classes for the
mentally retarded
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Turn of the Century (cont)
Late: Environmental emphasis
Veterans-rise in litigation and legislation
Civil Rights movement in 50s and 60s
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